fix(podman): resolve local callbacks to loopback on Linux

architecture/gateway.md

@@ -1026,13 +1026,12 @@ system entry instead of pretending to delete package-manager owned state.
   the host can bind that bridge IP.
 - Podman-backed macOS gateways use gvproxy's host-loopback IP for sandbox host
   aliases by default so stale Podman machine images do not need Podman's
-  `host-gateway` resolver. Linux Podman keeps the resolver unless
-  `host_gateway_ip` is configured. Rootful Podman can request its exact bridge
-  gateway listener. Rootless Podman explicitly reporting pasta requests the
-  private IPv4 source selected by the host default route rather than an
-  arbitrary private interface. Slirp4netns, other helpers, and missing helper
-  metadata fail closed for local callbacks until a rootless-network namespace
-  relay is available.
+  `host-gateway` resolver. Linux Podman resolves sandbox host aliases to
+  loopback directly by default, for both rootful and rootless operation: the
+  callback-capable supervisor always shares the host network namespace with
+  the gateway (RFC 0012), so loopback is reachable independent of host
+  topology and rootless network helper. An explicit `host_gateway_ip`
+  overrides either platform default with a concrete address.
 - Gateway restarts recover persisted objects from storage, but live relay
   streams must be re-established by supervisors.
 - User-facing behavior changes must update published docs in `docs/`; this file

crates/openshell-driver-podman/NETWORKING.md

@@ -31,10 +31,13 @@ the upstream corporate proxy apply only to the supervisor. The gateway's SSH
 tunnel uses the supervisor relay over its private Unix socket, so the driver
 does not publish a supervisor port.
 
-Rootful Podman uses the configured bridge and its gateway address. Rootless
-local callbacks require the existing pasta path; slirp4netns or unknown helpers
-require an explicitly remote `grpc_endpoint`. On macOS, Podman Machine provides
-the runtime and host-loopback forwarding.
+On Linux, the supervisor's host network namespace is the same as the
+gateway's, for both rootful and rootless Podman, so the automatic callback
+route resolves the sandbox host aliases to loopback directly rather than
+Podman's `host-gateway` resolver, which can select a different, unreachable
+interface on multi-homed hosts. Set `host_gateway_ip` explicitly to override
+with a different address (for example, a containerized or remote gateway).
+On macOS, Podman Machine provides the runtime and host-loopback forwarding.
 
 These runtime-managed network helpers are outside the workload trust boundary.
 Sharing the workload's user namespace preserves volume UID/GID mapping; it

crates/openshell-driver-podman/src/client.rs

@@ -767,26 +767,6 @@ impl PodmanClient {
         .await
     }
 
-    /// Inspect a network and return the gateway IP of its first subnet.
-    ///
-    /// The gateway IP is the host's address on the bridge network, used by
-    /// sandbox containers to call back to the gateway server.
-    pub async fn network_gateway_ip(&self, name: &str) -> Result<Option<String>, PodmanApiError> {
-        validate_name(name)?;
-        let encoded = url_encode(name);
-        let path = format!("/libpod/networks/{encoded}/json");
-        let resp: Value = self.request_json(hyper::Method::GET, &path, None).await?;
-        // The response has "subnets": [{"gateway": "10.89.1.1", "subnet": "..."}]
-        let gateway = resp
-            .get("subnets")
-            .and_then(|s| s.as_array())
-            .and_then(|arr| arr.first())
-            .and_then(|sub| sub.get("gateway"))
-            .and_then(|g| g.as_str())
-            .map(String::from);
-        Ok(gateway)
-    }
-
     // ── Image operations ────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
     /// Pull an image if it is not already present locally.

crates/openshell-driver-podman/src/config.rs

@@ -53,10 +53,15 @@ pub struct PodmanComputeConfig {
     pub network_name: String,
     /// Host gateway IP used for sandbox host aliases.
     ///
-    /// Empty uses Podman's `host-gateway` resolver. macOS defaults to
-    /// gvproxy's host-loopback IP because stale Podman machines may fail to
-    /// resolve `host-gateway` while still serving `host.containers.internal`
-    /// through gvproxy.
+    /// Empty on Linux resolves the alias to loopback directly: since RFC
+    /// 0012, the callback-capable supervisor always shares the host network
+    /// namespace with the gateway, so loopback is always reachable and
+    /// independent of host topology (see #3412 for the multi-homed-host
+    /// failure this replaced). Empty on macOS uses gvproxy's host-loopback
+    /// IP because stale Podman machines may fail to resolve `host-gateway`
+    /// while still serving `host.containers.internal` through gvproxy. Set
+    /// explicitly to override either default, e.g. for a containerized or
+    /// remote gateway.
     pub host_gateway_ip: String,
     /// Container stop timeout in seconds (SIGTERM → SIGKILL).
     pub stop_timeout_secs: u32,

crates/openshell-driver-podman/src/container.rs

@@ -1612,16 +1612,32 @@ fn provider_spiffe_workload_api_socket_mount_source(config: &PodmanComputeConfig
 
 fn hostadd_entries(config: &PodmanComputeConfig) -> Vec<String> {
     let host_gateway_ip = config.host_gateway_ip.trim();
-    if host_gateway_ip.is_empty() {
+    if !host_gateway_ip.is_empty() {
         return vec![
-            "host.containers.internal:host-gateway".into(),
-            "host.openshell.internal:host-gateway".into(),
+            format!("host.containers.internal:{host_gateway_ip}"),
+            format!("host.openshell.internal:{host_gateway_ip}"),
         ];
     }
 
+    if cfg!(target_os = "linux") {
+        // Since RFC 0012 (#2942), the callback-capable supervisor always
+        // shares the host network namespace with the gateway. Resolve the
+        // alias to loopback directly instead of Podman's `host-gateway`
+        // magic value, which independently picks a host interface and can
+        // select a different, unreachable one on multi-homed hosts
+        // (#3412). `gateway_listener_requirements` requests a matching
+        // loopback listener for the same reason.
+        return vec![
+            "host.containers.internal:127.0.0.1".into(),
+            "host.openshell.internal:127.0.0.1".into(),
+        ];
+    }
+
+    // Non-Linux (Podman Machine): gvproxy already forwards `host-gateway`
+    // to the VM host's loopback, so the magic value resolves correctly.
     vec![
-        format!("host.containers.internal:{host_gateway_ip}"),
-        format!("host.openshell.internal:{host_gateway_ip}"),
+        "host.containers.internal:host-gateway".into(),
+        "host.openshell.internal:host-gateway".into(),
     ]
 }
 
@@ -2600,7 +2616,44 @@ mod tests {
     }
 
     #[test]
+    #[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
+    fn container_spec_injects_host_aliases() {
+        // Since RFC 0012 (#2942), the supervisor shares the host network
+        // namespace with the gateway, so the automatic (no explicit
+        // host_gateway_ip) alias resolves directly to loopback rather than
+        // Podman's `host-gateway` magic value, which can select a
+        // different, unreachable interface on multi-homed hosts (#3412).
+        let sandbox = test_sandbox("test-id", "test-name");
+        let config = test_config();
+        let spec = build_container_spec(&sandbox, &config);
+
+        let hostadd: Vec<&str> = spec["hostadd"]
+            .as_array()
+            .expect("hostadd should be an array")
+            .iter()
+            .filter_map(|v| v.as_str())
+            .collect();
+
+        assert!(
+            hostadd.contains(&"host.containers.internal:127.0.0.1"),
+            "missing Podman host alias"
+        );
+        assert!(
+            hostadd.contains(&"host.openshell.internal:127.0.0.1"),
+            "missing OpenShell stable host alias"
+        );
+        assert!(
+            !hostadd.contains(&"host.docker.internal:127.0.0.1"),
+            "Podman should not inject Docker's host alias"
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    #[cfg(not(target_os = "linux"))]
     fn container_spec_injects_host_aliases() {
+        // Podman Machine's gvproxy forwards the `host-gateway` magic value
+        // to the VM host's loopback correctly, so the automatic path keeps
+        // using it unchanged on non-Linux hosts.
         let sandbox = test_sandbox("test-id", "test-name");
         let config = test_config();
         let spec = build_container_spec(&sandbox, &config);