From 40478a122128b16e3e43f56e01696d6fea6e3cf2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: stslex <ilya977.077@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 23 Jun 2026 22:05:53 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 01/51] =?UTF-8?q?feat(gui-tauri):=20macOS=20self-installin?=
 =?UTF-8?q?g=20app=20=E2=80=94=20bundle=20+=20in-app=20privileged=20instal?=
 =?UTF-8?q?l/disable?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

Ship Splitway as a self-installing macOS app so a user double-clicks
Splitway.app, clicks one button, authenticates once via the native password
dialog, and the root split-DNS daemon is installed and running — no terminal.

- Bundle: an ad-hoc/unsigned `Splitway.app` (`.app` only — no signing,
  notarization, .dmg/.pkg, or SMAppService) embedding the splitway-daemon +
  splitway helpers, a GUI LaunchDaemon plist (carrying --socket-group splitway),
  and bootstrap.sh. The bundle path is additive: the Tauri bundler is invoked
  only by scripts/build-macos-app.sh via a tauri.bundle.macos.json overlay
  applied with --config, so `cargo build` / `nix build` / `nix flake check` never
  read it and the Linux build is untouched.

- Commands (bridge.rs): install_service / disable_service escalate via
  `osascript ... with administrator privileges` (one prompt) to run the inert,
  idempotent bootstrap.sh as root; host_platform lets the frontend branch copy.
  They keep the truth contract — do the work, fire refresh-now, never touch the
  VM; real health flows back through view-model-changed. No capability change
  (custom commands are not ACL-gated). The escalated command is fixed apart from
  the bundle-derived resource path, which is escape-safe + `quoted form of`'d
  (unit-tested via the pure build_admin_applescript).

- Frontend: the NotRunning blocker offers an Install button on macOS (vs the
  Linux systemctl line); PermissionDenied guides toward sign-out (not usermod); a
  discreet footer link disables via a two-click arm (WKWebView suppresses
  window.confirm). Platform-branched, no view-model shape change.

- bootstrap.sh hardening: pins a system PATH; installs the root-run daemon binary
  to a root:wheel 0755 /usr/local/bin and refuses if the dir cannot be made
  root-owned (closes the launchd unsafe-binary-location escalation on the
  Homebrew-on-Intel layout); settles + retries the bootout->bootstrap relaunch so
  a re-install never intermittently leaves the daemon stopped.

Verified end-to-end on macOS against a live VPN: install (socket 0660
root:splitway, no quarantine), GUI Connected, interface/domain mutations through
the group socket, idempotent re-install, and disable (reverts /etc/resolver,
removes the plist). The re-login group gotcha did not manifest here — a freshly
launched app sees the new membership immediately (documented).

Homebrew packaging (installing the same .app, no competing service block) is the
next phase. See docs/design/macos-self-install.md.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 README.md                                     |  23 +++
 ROADMAP.md                                    |  15 ++
 docs/design/macos-self-install.md             | 146 ++++++++++++++
 .../launchd/com.splitway.daemon.gui.plist     |  67 ++++++
 splitway-gui-tauri/.gitignore                 |   6 +
 splitway-gui-tauri/scripts/bootstrap.sh       | 189 +++++++++++++++++
 splitway-gui-tauri/scripts/build-macos-app.sh | 103 ++++++++++
 splitway-gui-tauri/src/bridge.rs              | 190 +++++++++++++++++-
 splitway-gui-tauri/src/lib.rs                 |  16 ++
 splitway-gui-tauri/tauri.bundle.macos.json    |  26 +++
 splitway-gui-tauri/ui/src/api.ts              |  25 +++
 splitway-gui-tauri/ui/src/app.ts              | 133 +++++++++++-
 splitway-gui-tauri/ui/src/contract-check.ts   |   2 +-
 splitway-gui-tauri/ui/src/lifecycle.ts        |  20 +-
 splitway-gui-tauri/ui/src/render.ts           |  90 +++++++--
 splitway-gui-tauri/ui/src/styles.css          |  79 ++++++++
 splitway-gui-tauri/ui/test/stage.test.ts      |  54 ++++-
 17 files changed, 1146 insertions(+), 38 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 docs/design/macos-self-install.md
 create mode 100644 packaging/launchd/com.splitway.daemon.gui.plist
 create mode 100755 splitway-gui-tauri/scripts/bootstrap.sh
 create mode 100755 splitway-gui-tauri/scripts/build-macos-app.sh
 create mode 100644 splitway-gui-tauri/tauri.bundle.macos.json

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 1db294b..ce800d2 100755
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -345,6 +345,29 @@ equivalently, add the group via your own `users.users.<name>.extraGroups`. See
 the security note under [Using it under niri](#using-it-under-niri-wayland), then
 that section for binding it to a key.
 
+#### macOS (`Splitway.app`)
+
+On macOS the GUI ships as a self-installing app — **no Terminal, no Homebrew, no
+code signing**. Build it locally (it is ad-hoc/unsigned, `.app` only):
+
+```sh
+bash splitway-gui-tauri/scripts/build-macos-app.sh
+cp -R target/release/bundle/macos/Splitway.app /Applications/
+```
+
+The wrapper pulls its off-PATH toolchain (`cargo-tauri`, `node`, `esbuild`, …)
+from nixpkgs via `nix shell`, so it just runs. A locally-built `.app` carries no
+quarantine flag, so it launches from `/Applications` with no Gatekeeper prompt.
+
+Open it and click **Install & start the Splitway service**: one native password
+prompt installs the `splitway-daemon`/`splitway` helpers to `/usr/local/bin`,
+creates the `splitway` group and adds you to it, and bootstraps the root
+LaunchDaemon with a group-reachable socket — the app then shows **Connected** (no
+re-login needed if you launch it after the install; an app left open across the
+install reconnects after a relaunch). A discreet **Stop the Splitway service**
+footer link reverses it (the daemon reverts `/etc/resolver` and won't relaunch at
+boot). See [docs/design/macos-self-install.md](docs/design/macos-self-install.md).
+
 ### Using it under niri (Wayland)
 
 niri is a tiling Wayland compositor with **no system tray**, so Splitway is a
diff --git a/ROADMAP.md b/ROADMAP.md
index bb9d17d..7584c4c 100644
--- a/ROADMAP.md
+++ b/ROADMAP.md
@@ -224,6 +224,21 @@ reimplemented per frontend:
   `packages.<system>.splitway-gui`, bundling the IBM Plex OFL `woff2`, and the
   README GUI-install section. Split from 7d because its real proof — the *built*
   binary rendering for a fresh in-group niri user — is machine-bound.
+- **7d-3 — macOS self-install**: the macOS counterpart of 7d-2's Linux bundling.
+  An ad-hoc/unsigned `Splitway.app` (`.app` only — no signing, notarization,
+  `.dmg`/`.pkg`, or `SMAppService`) that bundles the `splitway-daemon` + `splitway`
+  helpers, a GUI LaunchDaemon plist (carrying `--socket-group splitway`), and a
+  `bootstrap.sh`. Two health-keyed Tauri commands escalate via `osascript … with
+  administrator privileges` (one native password prompt) to install/start
+  (`NotRunning` → Install button) and disable (footer link) the root daemon — no
+  terminal. The bundle path is additive (the Tauri bundler is invoked only by the
+  build wrapper; `cargo build` / `nix build` never read `bundle`), and the commands
+  keep the truth contract (do the work → refresh-now → never touch the VM). Split
+  from 7d-2 because its real proof — the built `.app` driving the live install on
+  macOS — is machine-bound. See
+  [`docs/design/macos-self-install.md`](design/macos-self-install.md). (Homebrew —
+  installing the same `.app` + binaries, with no competing `service` block — is the
+  next phase.)
 
 ### Phase 8 — feature freeze + hardening
 
diff --git a/docs/design/macos-self-install.md b/docs/design/macos-self-install.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7abd858
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/design/macos-self-install.md
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+# macOS self-install — one-click privileged daemon bootstrap from Splitway.app
+
+The macOS daemon must run as **root** (it writes `/etc/resolver/<domain>` and
+flushes the DNS cache). Before this, bringing it up meant a terminal ritual:
+`sudo launchctl load …` plus a hand-written config. This feature makes the user
+double-click `Splitway.app`, click one button, authenticate once via the native
+macOS password dialog, and have the root daemon installed + running — no terminal.
+
+## The agreement
+
+`Splitway.app` is built locally from source and ships **unsigned** (ad-hoc
+identity `-`): no Apple Developer account, no notarization, `.app` only (no
+`.dmg`/`.pkg`). A locally-built `.app` carries no `com.apple.quarantine`, so it
+launches from `/Applications` without Gatekeeper friction — which is exactly what
+makes the no-signing path viable.
+
+The app installs the daemon itself through two Tauri commands keyed to the
+existing health states:
+
+- **`install_service`** — offered when `Health == NotRunning` (no socket). It
+  escalates via `osascript`'s `do shell script … with administrator privileges`
+  (one native password prompt) to run the bundled `bootstrap.sh install` as root.
+  The script, idempotently: installs `splitway-daemon` + `splitway` from the app
+  bundle to `/usr/local/bin` (`755`, quarantine stripped); ensures a `splitway`
+  group and adds the console user; installs the GUI LaunchDaemon plist (carrying
+  `--socket-group splitway`) to `/Library/LaunchDaemons`; and
+  `launchctl bootout` → `bootstrap` → `enable`s it.
+- **`disable_service`** — a discreet footer link once connected. Runs
+  `bootstrap.sh disable`: `launchctl bootout` (SIGTERM → the daemon reverts
+  `/etc/resolver` before exit) and removes the plist so it will not relaunch.
+
+Both keep the **truth contract** ([architecture.md](../architecture.md) §2): the
+command does the privileged work, fires refresh-now, and returns a
+`Result<(), String>` — it never touches the view-model. The real health
+(`NotRunning` → `PermissionDenied`/`Connected`, or back to `NotRunning`) flows
+back only through the next `view-model-changed`, exactly as for the mutation
+commands. No optimistic flips.
+
+A third command, **`host_platform`**, lets the frontend branch the remediation
+copy: macOS gets the Install button / sign-out guidance; Linux keeps its
+`systemctl` / `usermod` copy-paste commands. This is frontend presentation only —
+no view-model field is added, so the bindings contract is untouched.
+
+## Why this shape
+
+- **`osascript` admin escalation, not `SMAppService`.** `SMAppService` needs code
+  signing + notarization + a user-approved Login Item — all rejected here.
+  `osascript … with administrator privileges` is the supported, signing-free way
+  to get one password prompt and run a fixed root command.
+- **Not the deprecated `AuthorizationExecuteWithPrivileges`**, and not a
+  `brew services` wrapper (a Finder-launched `.app` has a minimal `PATH`, and the
+  brew prefix differs Intel vs ARM — Homebrew is a later phase anyway).
+- **The escalated command is inert.** It is a fixed `/bin/bash <script> install`
+  where the only variable is the bundle-derived resource path — never GUI/user
+  input. The path is injected as an AppleScript string variable and handed to the
+  shell via `quoted form of`, so a path with spaces stays one token; an unsigned
+  app running a root command must keep that surface closed
+  (`build_admin_applescript` is pure + unit-tested for this).
+- **All steps in one bundled `bootstrap.sh`** under one privilege prompt: one
+  password dialog, `set -euo pipefail`, a pinned system `PATH`, every step
+  idempotent — a failed install never half-configures the system (the same
+  apply-or-rollback bar the daemon itself holds). The `bootout`→`bootstrap`
+  relaunch settles (polls the service record to gone) and retries the transient
+  launchd race so a re-install does not intermittently leave the daemon stopped.
+- **The root daemon binary must live in a root-only-writable directory.** It is
+  installed to `/usr/local/bin` `root:wheel 0755`, and the installer **pins that
+  directory to `root:wheel 0755` and aborts if it cannot** — otherwise, on the
+  Homebrew-on-Intel layout where `/usr/local/bin` is admin-writable, a non-root
+  process could swap the binary and have the root LaunchDaemon exec it at the next
+  boot (a persistent local privilege escalation — the launchd "unsafe binary
+  location" anti-pattern).
+- **An independent LaunchDaemon, group-reachable socket.** The GUI runs as the
+  desktop user, so it reaches the root daemon only through the opt-in socket group
+  (`--socket-group splitway` → `/var/run/splitway` `0750 root:splitway`, socket
+  `0660 root:splitway`) — the macOS analog of the NixOS `unprivilegedGui` option
+  ([socket-group.md](socket-group.md)). The bundled GUI plist carries that flag;
+  the sibling `com.splitway.daemon.plist` stays the manual/sudo (root-only socket)
+  path.
+- **Disable is conservative.** It stops the daemon and removes the plist, but
+  leaves the binaries, group, membership, and config — so a re-install needs no
+  re-prompt. Full uninstall is a separate, later step.
+
+## The re-login gotcha — observed behavior
+
+macOS materializes a process's supplementary group set into its kernel credential
+at **login**. `dseditgroup -o edit -a <user> … splitway` updates the Directory
+Services record, but an already-running login session — including the GUI and
+anything it spawns — keeps its original group set until the user logs out and back
+in.
+
+**Observed on the live machine (macOS 26, Apple Silicon): the gotcha did NOT
+manifest.** A GUI launched _after_ the `dseditgroup` add connected to the
+group-owned socket immediately — `id -Gn` already listed `splitway`, the
+unprivileged CLI got a clean `status`, and the freshly-launched `.app` showed
+`Connected`, not `PermissionDenied`. So on this macOS, a process spawned after the
+membership change picks up the new group from Directory Services without a
+re-login. (The classic gotcha bites a process that was _already running_ across
+the change — e.g. a GUI left open during install. Launching or relaunching the
+app after install is enough here; a full logout was not needed.)
+
+Because the failure mode is still reachable (an app open across the change),
+`Health::PermissionDenied` on macOS is kept honest: its blocker reports that
+membership was added and points at the sign-out / relaunch remedy, and does
+**not** tell the user to run `usermod` (wrong OS, and membership is already
+granted). After a relaunch the GUI connects and shows `Connected`.
+
+### A WKWebView confirmation gotcha (found in live test)
+
+The in-app "Stop the Splitway service" link does **not** use `window.confirm()`:
+under WKWebView (the macOS webview Tauri uses), native `confirm()` is suppressed
+and returns `false`, which would silently no-op the disable. The confirmation is a
+**two-click arm** instead (first click → inline "Confirm stop / Cancel"; second
+click runs the privileged disable). This keeps the confirmation working without a
+native dialog or any new plugin/capability.
+
+## Scope / out of scope
+
+- **In:** the `.app` bundle (ad-hoc, additive to the Linux/Nix build), the
+  install/disable/platform Tauri commands, the bundled `bootstrap.sh` + GUI plist,
+  and the health-keyed GUI affordances.
+- **Out:** Homebrew tap (next phase — it installs the same `.app` + binaries and
+  must **not** add a `service` block, or two owners would fight over the socket
+  and `/etc/resolver`); code signing / notarization / Developer ID; `.dmg` /
+  `.pkg` / `SMAppService`; any macOS DNS/VPN backend change; full uninstall.
+
+## How the bundle stays additive
+
+The Tauri bundler (`cargo tauri build`) is the only thing that reads
+`tauri.conf.json`'s `bundle` section; `cargo build` and the Linux `nix build`
+(`buildRustPackage` + `wrapGAppsHook3`) never invoke it. So the macOS bundle is a
+separate path that cannot perturb the Linux build. To keep it explicit, the bundle
+settings live in a `tauri.bundle.macos.json` overlay applied **only** by the build
+wrapper via `--config` — named so Tauri does **not** auto-merge it into a plain
+`cargo build`/clippy (which would validate the staged resources before they
+exist). `scripts/build-macos-app.sh` builds the helper binaries + frontend, stages
+the resources, and runs the bundler; it pulls the off-PATH toolchain
+(`cargo-tauri`, `node`, `typescript`, `esbuild`, `librsvg`) from nixpkgs via
+`nix shell`, so a plain `bash scripts/build-macos-app.sh` just works.
+
+## Links
+
+- [socket-group.md](socket-group.md) — the `--socket-group` model this reuses.
+- [architecture.md](../architecture.md) — the truth contract the commands honor.
+- [tauri-mutations.md](tauri-mutations.md) — the daemon-first / refresh-now command
+  shape the install/disable commands follow.
+- `packaging/README.md` — the manual/sudo macOS install (the non-GUI path).
diff --git a/packaging/launchd/com.splitway.daemon.gui.plist b/packaging/launchd/com.splitway.daemon.gui.plist
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..db2c91d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packaging/launchd/com.splitway.daemon.gui.plist
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
+<!--
+  Splitway split-DNS daemon, as a macOS LaunchDaemon (runs as root) — the
+  GUI-installer variant.
+
+  This is the plist the Splitway.app self-installer drops into
+  /Library/LaunchDaemons (see scripts/bootstrap.sh). It differs from the sibling
+  com.splitway.daemon.plist in exactly one way: ProgramArguments passes
+  `--socket-group splitway`, so the control socket is `0660 root:splitway`
+  (runtime dir `0750 root:splitway`) instead of the default `0600 root`. That is
+  what lets the unprivileged desktop GUI — a member of the `splitway` group —
+  reach the root daemon without sudo (the macOS analog of the NixOS
+  `services.splitway.unprivilegedGui` option). The manual/sudo install path keeps
+  using com.splitway.daemon.plist, where the socket stays root-only.
+
+  Root is required: the daemon writes /etc/resolver/<domain> files and flushes
+  the DNS cache (dscacheutil / killall -HUP mDNSResponder). The privilege
+  boundary for the unprivileged GUI/CLI is the group-owned Unix control socket;
+  see packaging/README.md and docs/design/socket-group.md for the threat model.
+
+  Install: the GUI does this for you (one password prompt). To do it by hand, see
+  docs/design/macos-self-install.md.
+-->
+<plist version="1.0">
+<dict>
+    <key>Label</key>
+    <string>com.splitway.daemon</string>
+
+    <key>ProgramArguments</key>
+    <array>
+        <string>/usr/local/bin/splitway-daemon</string>
+        <string>run</string>
+        <!-- Group-reachable socket so the unprivileged GUI can connect; the
+             daemon chgrps /var/run/splitway + the socket to this group on
+             start, and exits non-zero with an actionable message if the group
+             is missing (the installer creates it first). -->
+        <string>--socket-group</string>
+        <string>splitway</string>
+    </array>
+
+    <!-- Start at boot and restart on crash. -->
+    <key>RunAtLoad</key>
+    <true/>
+    <key>KeepAlive</key>
+    <true/>
+
+    <key>EnvironmentVariables</key>
+    <dict>
+        <key>RUST_LOG</key>
+        <string>info</string>
+        <!-- launchd does not set HOME; pin it to root's macOS home so the
+             daemon's config resolves to /var/root/.config/splitway rather than
+             the (nonexistent on macOS) /root fallback. -->
+        <key>HOME</key>
+        <string>/var/root</string>
+    </dict>
+
+    <!-- On `launchctl bootout`/stop, launchd sends SIGTERM, which the daemon
+         traps to revert active /etc/resolver rules before exiting — the system
+         is never left half-configured. -->
+    <key>StandardOutPath</key>
+    <string>/var/log/splitway.log</string>
+    <key>StandardErrorPath</key>
+    <string>/var/log/splitway.log</string>
+</dict>
+</plist>
diff --git a/splitway-gui-tauri/.gitignore b/splitway-gui-tauri/.gitignore
index 59da3b4..3522b2f 100644
--- a/splitway-gui-tauri/.gitignore
+++ b/splitway-gui-tauri/.gitignore
@@ -5,3 +5,9 @@ ui/dist/
 # Tauri-generated ACL/permission schemas (regenerated by build.rs from
 # tauri.conf.json + capabilities/).
 gen/
+
+# macOS bundle staging: the helper binaries + bootstrap + plist are copied here
+# by scripts/build-macos-app.sh and embedded as app Resources. Build output, not
+# source (bootstrap.sh + the plist are tracked at their real homes; only their
+# staged copies + the release binaries land here). See docs/design/macos-self-install.md.
+resources/
diff --git a/splitway-gui-tauri/scripts/bootstrap.sh b/splitway-gui-tauri/scripts/bootstrap.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..711895a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/splitway-gui-tauri/scripts/bootstrap.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+#
+# bootstrap.sh — the privileged install/disable steps for the Splitway macOS
+# self-installer, run as ROOT via osascript's `do shell script ... with
+# administrator privileges` (one native password prompt). It is bundled inside
+# Splitway.app (Contents/Resources) alongside the helper binaries and the
+# LaunchDaemon plist; the Tauri `install_service` / `disable_service` commands
+# invoke it as `/bin/bash <this> install` / `<this> disable`.
+#
+# SECURITY: this script is the privileged surface of an UNSIGNED app, so it is
+# deliberately inert — it takes exactly one fixed subcommand (install|disable)
+# and NO data derived from the GUI or any user input. The console user it adds to
+# the group is read from the live system (`stat -f %Su /dev/console`), not passed
+# in. Every step is idempotent and a failure aborts before the next, so a partial
+# run never leaves the system half-configured (mirrors the daemon's own
+# apply-or-rollback contract). See docs/design/macos-self-install.md.
+
+set -euo pipefail
+
+# Pin PATH to the system locations so every privileged tool we invoke (stat,
+# install, dseditgroup, launchctl, xattr, …) resolves to a trusted system binary,
+# never to something on the caller's inherited PATH. A root script must not trust
+# the environment it was launched from.
+export PATH=/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin
+
+# Resolve our own directory (the bundle's Contents/Resources) so the binaries and
+# plist that travel beside us are found regardless of where the .app lives
+# (/Applications, ~/Applications, a mounted volume, …). No hardcoded app path.
+SELF_DIR="$(cd "$(dirname "$0")" && pwd)"
+
+readonly LABEL="com.splitway.daemon"
+readonly PLIST_DST="/Library/LaunchDaemons/${LABEL}.plist"
+readonly BIN_DIR="/usr/local/bin"
+readonly GROUP="splitway"
+
+log() { printf 'splitway-bootstrap: %s\n' "$*"; }
+die() { printf 'splitway-bootstrap: error: %s\n' "$*" >&2; exit 1; }
+
+# --- install ---------------------------------------------------------------
+
+install_binaries() {
+    # The daemon is exec'd as ROOT by launchd, so its directory MUST be writable
+    # only by root — otherwise a non-root admin (e.g. the Homebrew-on-Intel layout
+    # where /usr/local/bin is admin-owned) could swap the binary and have launchd
+    # run it as root at the next boot (a persistent local privilege escalation).
+    # Create the dir if absent, then pin it to root:wheel 0755 and refuse to
+    # proceed if it cannot be made root-owned. BSD `install` has no -D, so the dir
+    # is handled here.
+    mkdir -p "$BIN_DIR"
+    chown root:wheel "$BIN_DIR" || die "cannot make ${BIN_DIR} root-owned; refusing to install a root-run binary into a non-root-writable directory"
+    chmod 755 "$BIN_DIR"
+    local owner
+    owner="$(stat -f '%Su:%Sg' "$BIN_DIR")"
+    [ "$owner" = "root:wheel" ] || die "${BIN_DIR} is ${owner}, not root:wheel; refusing to install a root-run binary there"
+
+    local name src dst
+    for name in splitway-daemon splitway; do
+        src="${SELF_DIR}/${name}"
+        dst="${BIN_DIR}/${name}"
+        [ -f "$src" ] || die "bundled binary not found: ${src}"
+        # root:wheel 0755 — matches the plist install and the now-hardened dir.
+        install -o root -g wheel -m 755 "$src" "$dst"
+        # A quarantined binary loads but then fails silently under launchd, so
+        # strip the flag on the installed copy (ignore "attribute not found").
+        xattr -d com.apple.quarantine "$dst" 2>/dev/null || true
+        log "installed ${dst}"
+    done
+}
+
+console_user() {
+    # The GUI user to grant socket access. The script runs as root, so $USER is
+    # `root` and $SUDO_USER is unset under osascript escalation — read the user
+    # at the console instead. Empty / `root` / `loginwindow` means no GUI session.
+    stat -f '%Su' /dev/console 2>/dev/null || true
+}
+
+ensure_group() {
+    if dseditgroup -o read "$GROUP" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+        log "group ${GROUP} already exists"
+    else
+        dseditgroup -o create "$GROUP"
+        log "created group ${GROUP}"
+    fi
+}
+
+add_user_to_group() {
+    local user="$1"
+    if dseditgroup -o checkmember -m "$user" "$GROUP" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+        log "${user} is already a member of ${GROUP}"
+    else
+        dseditgroup -o edit -a "$user" -t user "$GROUP"
+        log "added ${user} to ${GROUP}"
+    fi
+}
+
+install_plist() {
+    local src="${SELF_DIR}/${LABEL}.plist"
+    [ -f "$src" ] || die "bundled plist not found: ${src}"
+    # launchd refuses a plist not owned by root or that is group-writable.
+    install -m 644 -o root -g wheel "$src" "$PLIST_DST"
+    log "installed ${PLIST_DST}"
+}
+
+# Wait until the service record is gone from the system domain (up to ~3s).
+# `launchctl bootout` returns before launchd has finished reaping the old job and
+# removing its record, and `KeepAlive=true` widens that window — so an immediate
+# `bootstrap` of the same label can fail with "Operation already in progress (37)"
+# or "Input/output error (5)". Polling `launchctl print` to not-found closes the
+# race before we re-bootstrap.
+wait_for_service_gone() {
+    for _ in $(seq 1 30); do
+        launchctl print "system/${LABEL}" >/dev/null 2>&1 || return 0
+        sleep 0.1
+    done
+    # Fall through even if still present; the retry loop below absorbs the residue.
+    return 0
+}
+
+bootstrap_daemon() {
+    # Modern (not legacy `load -w`) idempotent sequence: tear down any prior
+    # instance, then bring it up. bootout of an unloaded service errors, so it is
+    # tolerated; after it we settle (the record may linger briefly) before
+    # re-bootstrapping.
+    launchctl bootout "system/${LABEL}" 2>/dev/null || true
+    wait_for_service_gone
+    # Clear any stale `launchctl disable` flag BEFORE bootstrap — a disabled label
+    # makes bootstrap refuse to load. `enable` on a never-seen/already-enabled
+    # label is a harmless no-op.
+    launchctl enable "system/${LABEL}" 2>/dev/null || true
+    # Retry bootstrap a few times: even after the settle poll, launchd can still
+    # report the transient "already in progress"/I/O races right after a teardown.
+    # The final failure stays fatal (no `|| true`) so a genuine error is not masked.
+    for _ in $(seq 1 10); do
+        if launchctl bootstrap system "$PLIST_DST" 2>/dev/null; then
+            log "bootstrapped ${LABEL}"
+            return 0
+        fi
+        sleep 0.3
+    done
+    # Last attempt without suppression, so its real error message surfaces on die.
+    launchctl bootstrap system "$PLIST_DST" || die "launchctl bootstrap failed for ${LABEL}"
+    log "bootstrapped ${LABEL}"
+}
+
+do_install() {
+    log "installing the Splitway service"
+    install_binaries
+    ensure_group
+
+    local user
+    user="$(console_user)"
+    if [ -z "$user" ] || [ "$user" = "root" ] || [ "$user" = "loginwindow" ]; then
+        # No interactive desktop user to grant access to. Still install + start
+        # the daemon (root can drive it via sudo); the GUI run by a real user
+        # later will surface a clear "add me to the group" state.
+        log "no console user detected; skipping group membership (run from a desktop session to grant GUI access)"
+    else
+        add_user_to_group "$user"
+    fi
+
+    install_plist
+    bootstrap_daemon
+    # The daemon self-creates /var/root/.config/splitway/config.json on first
+    # run, so nothing is seeded here.
+    log "install complete"
+}
+
+# --- disable ---------------------------------------------------------------
+
+do_disable() {
+    log "disabling the Splitway service"
+    # bootout sends SIGTERM, which the daemon traps to revert /etc/resolver
+    # before exiting — the system is left clean. Tolerate an already-stopped
+    # service.
+    launchctl bootout "system/${LABEL}" 2>/dev/null || true
+    # Remove the plist so it does not relaunch at boot. Conservative scope: the
+    # binaries, the group, group membership, and the config are left in place so
+    # a later re-install needs no re-prompt (full uninstall is a separate step).
+    rm -f "$PLIST_DST"
+    log "disable complete"
+}
+
+# --- entry -----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+case "${1:-}" in
+    install) do_install ;;
+    disable) do_disable ;;
+    *) die "usage: bootstrap.sh <install|disable>" ;;
+esac
diff --git a/splitway-gui-tauri/scripts/build-macos-app.sh b/splitway-gui-tauri/scripts/build-macos-app.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..a21ad57
--- /dev/null
+++ b/splitway-gui-tauri/scripts/build-macos-app.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+#
+# build-macos-app.sh — build the distributable, ad-hoc-signed (unsigned)
+# Splitway.app on macOS. This is the macOS counterpart of the Linux Nix package
+# (`nix build .#splitway-gui`): it is an ADDITIVE, machine-bound build path that
+# does not touch the Linux/Nix build. The Tauri bundler is invoked ONLY here (via
+# `cargo tauri build`); `cargo build` and the Nix package never read the bundle
+# config, so this perturbs nothing else. See docs/design/macos-self-install.md.
+#
+# What it does:
+#   1. builds the helper binaries (splitway-daemon, splitway) in release
+#   2. builds the web frontend (tsc + esbuild) into ui/dist
+#   3. stages the binaries + the GUI LaunchDaemon plist + bootstrap.sh + an icon
+#      into the gitignored resources/ dir (embedded as app Resources)
+#   4. runs `cargo tauri build --config tauri.bundle.macos.json --bundles app`
+#
+# Toolchain: this runs the whole build inside the flake dev shell (`nix
+# develop`), which brings a consistent Rust toolchain AND the Nix clang stdenv
+# (the latter sidesteps the Xcode-license gate on its own — no DEVELOPER_DIR
+# override, which would break the Nix clang's SDK lookup; and the system rustc,
+# which may be too old for the workspace's locked deps, is avoided). The frontend
+# + bundler tools (cargo-tauri, node, tsc, esbuild, rsvg-convert) are layered on
+# via `nix shell` since the darwin dev shell does not include them. So a plain
+# `bash scripts/build-macos-app.sh` just works.
+#
+# Output: target/release/bundle/macos/Splitway.app
+
+set -euo pipefail
+
+# Run from the tauri crate dir (this script lives in <crate>/scripts).
+CRATE_DIR="$(cd "$(dirname "$0")/.." && pwd)"
+cd "$CRATE_DIR"
+REPO_ROOT="$(cd "$CRATE_DIR/.." && pwd)"
+
+# The build steps run inside the toolchain shell. They are written to a temp file
+# (rather than an inline -c string) to avoid fragile multi-level shell quoting;
+# the paths they need are passed through the environment.
+BUILD_STEPS="$(mktemp -t splitway-build-steps.XXXXXX.sh)"
+trap 'rm -f "$BUILD_STEPS"' EXIT
+
+cat >"$BUILD_STEPS" <<'STEPS'
+set -euo pipefail
+# DEVELOPER_DIR pointed at the Command Line Tools would break the Nix clang's SDK
+# lookup; the dev shell's own clang handles the Xcode license, so clear it.
+unset DEVELOPER_DIR
+cd "$CRATE_DIR"
+
+echo "==> building helper binaries (release)"
+cargo build --release -p splitway-daemon -p splitway-cli
+
+echo "==> building the web frontend (tsc + esbuild)"
+( cd ui && sh build.sh )
+
+echo "==> staging app resources"
+rm -rf "$STAGE"
+mkdir -p "$STAGE"
+cp "$REPO_ROOT/target/release/splitway-daemon" "$STAGE/splitway-daemon"
+cp "$REPO_ROOT/target/release/splitway"        "$STAGE/splitway"
+# Stage the GUI plist variant under the plain LABEL.plist name bootstrap.sh looks
+# up (it copies "${SELF_DIR}/com.splitway.daemon.plist"); the ".gui" suffix only
+# distinguishes it in the repo from the manual/sudo template.
+cp "$GUI_PLIST"                                 "$STAGE/com.splitway.daemon.plist"
+cp scripts/bootstrap.sh                         "$STAGE/bootstrap.sh"
+chmod 0755 "$STAGE/bootstrap.sh"
+
+# A crisp 1024px icon source (the committed icons/icon.png is only 128px):
+# rasterize the high-res SVG, then let `cargo tauri icon` generate the full macOS
+# icon set (incl. icon.icns) the bundler folds into Splitway.app. The bundler
+# needs the named multi-size set, not a lone 1024px png.
+rsvg-convert -w 1024 -h 1024 "$ICON_SVG" -o "$STAGE/icon-1024.png"
+cargo tauri icon "$STAGE/icon-1024.png" --output "$STAGE/icons"
+
+# Force the embedded-frontend codegen to re-run: `generate_context!` embeds
+# ui/dist at compile time, so a frontend-only change (no Rust edit) would
+# otherwise leave the previous dist baked into an up-to-date binary. Touching
+# lib.rs (the macro site) guarantees a fresh embed every build.
+touch src/lib.rs
+
+echo "==> cargo tauri build (.app only, ad-hoc/unsigned)"
+# The bundle overlay is named so Tauri does NOT auto-merge it on a plain
+# `cargo build`/clippy (which would validate the staged resources before they
+# exist) — it is applied ONLY here, via --config.
+cargo tauri build --config tauri.bundle.macos.json --bundles app
+
+echo "==> built: $REPO_ROOT/target/release/bundle/macos/Splitway.app"
+STEPS
+
+# Inside `nix develop` (Rust + Nix clang), layer the frontend/bundler tools via
+# `nix shell`, then run the staged build steps. The paths are exported so the
+# steps file needs no quoting gymnastics.
+export CRATE_DIR REPO_ROOT BUILD_STEPS STAGE="${CRATE_DIR}/resources" \
+  GUI_PLIST="${REPO_ROOT}/packaging/launchd/com.splitway.daemon.gui.plist" \
+  ICON_SVG="${REPO_ROOT}/assets/icon/splitway-icon.svg"
+
+exec nix develop "$REPO_ROOT" --command bash -euo pipefail -c '
+  nix shell \
+    nixpkgs#cargo-tauri \
+    nixpkgs#nodejs \
+    nixpkgs#typescript \
+    nixpkgs#esbuild \
+    nixpkgs#librsvg \
+    --command bash "$BUILD_STEPS"
+'
diff --git a/splitway-gui-tauri/src/bridge.rs b/splitway-gui-tauri/src/bridge.rs
index 35f20dd..8c91590 100644
--- a/splitway-gui-tauri/src/bridge.rs
+++ b/splitway-gui-tauri/src/bridge.rs
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ use std::sync::mpsc::{Receiver, RecvTimeoutError, Sender};
 use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
 use std::time::Duration;
 
-use tauri::{AppHandle, Emitter, State};
+use tauri::{AppHandle, Emitter, Manager, State};
 
 use splitway_shared::config::VpnBackend;
 use splitway_shared::ipc::client::{self, ClientError};
@@ -251,6 +251,153 @@ pub async fn check_domain(domain: String) -> CheckOutcome {
     }
 }
 
+// --- privileged service management (macOS self-install) --------------------
+//
+// The macOS GUI installs/disables the root LaunchDaemon itself, so a user never
+// has to touch the terminal. These commands escalate via osascript's `do shell
+// script ... with administrator privileges` (one native password prompt) to run
+// the bundled `bootstrap.sh` as root. Like every other command here they honour
+// the truth contract: they do the privileged work, fire refresh-now so the poll
+// thread re-polls, and return a `Result<(), String>` — they NEVER touch the VM.
+// The real health (`NotRunning` → `PermissionDenied`/`Connected`) flows back only
+// through the next `view-model-changed`. See docs/design/macos-self-install.md.
+
+/// The platform the GUI is running on, for the frontend to branch remediation
+/// copy + affordances (the install/disable flow is macOS-only). A plain custom
+/// command (not ACL-gated) so no `os:` plugin permission is needed.
+#[tauri::command]
+pub fn host_platform() -> &'static str {
+    if cfg!(target_os = "macos") {
+        "macos"
+    } else if cfg!(target_os = "linux") {
+        "linux"
+    } else {
+        "other"
+    }
+}
+
+/// Build the AppleScript that runs the bundled bootstrap as root. Pure and
+/// platform-independent so the quoting/escaping is unit-testable without running
+/// osascript.
+///
+/// The escalated shell command is `/bin/bash <script> <subcommand>`, where the
+/// ONLY variable is `script_path` — a bundle-derived absolute path, never GUI
+/// input. It is injected as an AppleScript string variable (with `"`/`\` escaped
+/// for the AppleScript literal) and handed to the shell via `quoted form of`, so
+/// a path containing spaces (`/Applications/My Apps/Splitway.app/…`) stays a
+/// single shell token. `subcommand` is a fixed literal chosen by which command
+/// ran (`install`/`disable`), so the command text is inert by construction.
+fn build_admin_applescript(script_path: &str, subcommand: &str) -> String {
+    // Escape backslash first, then the double-quote, for the AppleScript string
+    // literal. A real bundle path contains neither, but escape defensively so the
+    // injected value can never break out of the literal.
+    let escaped = script_path.replace('\\', "\\\\").replace('"', "\\\"");
+    format!(
+        "set scriptPath to \"{escaped}\"\n\
+         do shell script \"/bin/bash \" & quoted form of scriptPath & \" {subcommand}\" \
+         with administrator privileges"
+    )
+}
+
+/// Resolve the bundled `bootstrap.sh`, escalate via osascript, and run it with
+/// the given fixed subcommand. macOS-only; on other platforms it is an error
+/// (the command is still registered so the frontend surface is uniform).
+///
+/// Returns `Ok(())` on a clean exit; a user-cancelled password dialog and a
+/// non-zero bootstrap exit both map to a human-readable `Err`.
+fn run_privileged(app: &AppHandle, subcommand: &str) -> Result<(), String> {
+    if !cfg!(target_os = "macos") {
+        return Err("the in-app service installer is macOS-only".to_string());
+    }
+
+    let resource_dir = app
+        .path()
+        .resource_dir()
+        .map_err(|e| format!("could not locate the app resources: {e}"))?;
+    let script = resource_dir.join("bootstrap.sh");
+    if !script.exists() {
+        return Err(format!(
+            "the bundled installer script is missing ({}); rebuild the app",
+            script.display()
+        ));
+    }
+    let script_path = script
+        .to_str()
+        .ok_or_else(|| "the app resource path is not valid UTF-8".to_string())?;
+
+    let applescript = build_admin_applescript(script_path, subcommand);
+    let output = std::process::Command::new("/usr/bin/osascript")
+        .arg("-e")
+        .arg(&applescript)
+        .output()
+        .map_err(|e| format!("failed to launch osascript: {e}"))?;
+
+    if output.status.success() {
+        return Ok(());
+    }
+
+    let stderr = String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stderr);
+    // osascript reports a cancelled auth dialog as error -128 / "User canceled".
+    if stderr.contains("-128") || stderr.to_lowercase().contains("user canceled") {
+        return Err("authentication was cancelled".to_string());
+    }
+    let detail = stderr.trim();
+    if detail.is_empty() {
+        Err(format!(
+            "the installer exited with status {}",
+            output.status
+        ))
+    } else {
+        Err(detail.to_string())
+    }
+}
+
+/// Run a privileged service action on the blocking pool (osascript blocks on the
+/// password dialog), then fire refresh-now so the poll thread re-polls and the
+/// real health surfaces. Never touches the VM — the truth contract holds exactly
+/// as it does for [`dispatch_mutation`].
+async fn dispatch_service_action(
+    app: AppHandle,
+    subcommand: &'static str,
+    refresh: RefreshSignal,
+) -> Result<(), String> {
+    let result = match tauri::async_runtime::spawn_blocking(move || {
+        run_privileged(&app, subcommand)
+    })
+    .await
+    {
+        Ok(result) => result,
+        Err(e) => Err(format!("internal error: service task failed: {e}")),
+    };
+    // Re-poll on every outcome: success moves the VM toward PermissionDenied /
+    // Connected, and even a failure should refresh (e.g. a partial state). The
+    // emit-on-change gate dedups a genuine no-op.
+    refresh.fire();
+    result
+}
+
+/// Install & start the root Splitway LaunchDaemon (one native password prompt).
+/// Idempotent — safe to re-run over an existing install. Offered by the GUI when
+/// `Health == NotRunning` on macOS.
+#[tauri::command]
+pub async fn install_service(
+    app: AppHandle,
+    refresh: State<'_, RefreshSignal>,
+) -> Result<(), String> {
+    dispatch_service_action(app, "install", refresh.inner().clone()).await
+}
+
+/// Stop the daemon (SIGTERM reverts /etc/resolver) and remove its LaunchDaemon
+/// plist so it will not relaunch at boot. Conservative: binaries, the group, and
+/// the config are left in place.
+#[tauri::command]
+pub async fn disable_service(
+    app: AppHandle,
+    refresh: State<'_, RefreshSignal>,
+) -> Result<(), String> {
+    dispatch_service_action(app, "disable", refresh.inner().clone()).await
+}
+
 /// Drive `core` through one whole poll cycle and return the resulting snapshot.
 ///
 /// `send` performs a single request→reply round-trip (the real thread uses the
@@ -663,4 +810,45 @@ mod tests {
             "the new domain must arrive via the re-poll, not the command"
         );
     }
+
+    // --- privileged service management (macOS self-install) ----------------
+
+    #[test]
+    fn host_platform_reports_a_known_value() {
+        // Whatever we built on, it is one of the three the frontend branches on.
+        assert!(matches!(host_platform(), "macos" | "linux" | "other"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn admin_applescript_is_inert_and_fixed_apart_from_the_path() {
+        let script = build_admin_applescript(
+            "/Applications/Splitway.app/Contents/Resources/bootstrap.sh",
+            "install",
+        );
+        // The path is injected only as an AppleScript string variable; the shell
+        // command is fixed and quotes it via `quoted form of`, never bare
+        // interpolation.
+        assert!(script.contains(
+            "set scriptPath to \"/Applications/Splitway.app/Contents/Resources/bootstrap.sh\""
+        ));
+        assert!(script
+            .contains("do shell script \"/bin/bash \" & quoted form of scriptPath & \" install\""));
+        assert!(script.ends_with("with administrator privileges"));
+        // The subcommand is the only other variable, and it is a fixed literal.
+        let disable = build_admin_applescript("/x/bootstrap.sh", "disable");
+        assert!(disable.contains("& \" disable\""));
+        assert!(!disable.contains("install"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn admin_applescript_escapes_quotes_and_backslashes_in_the_path() {
+        // A pathological path can never break out of the AppleScript string
+        // literal: a `"` and a `\` are both escaped before injection.
+        let script = build_admin_applescript("/weird/a\"b\\c/bootstrap.sh", "install");
+        assert!(script.contains("set scriptPath to \"/weird/a\\\"b\\\\c/bootstrap.sh\""));
+        // Exactly one statement sets the path and exactly one runs the shell —
+        // the injected value adds no extra AppleScript statements.
+        assert_eq!(script.matches("do shell script").count(), 1);
+        assert_eq!(script.matches("set scriptPath to").count(), 1);
+    }
 }
diff --git a/splitway-gui-tauri/src/lib.rs b/splitway-gui-tauri/src/lib.rs
index a27673f..9bd3661 100644
--- a/splitway-gui-tauri/src/lib.rs
+++ b/splitway-gui-tauri/src/lib.rs
@@ -35,6 +35,15 @@
 //! view-models, so no mutation can write displayed state (the truth contract).
 //! `check_domain` is a one-shot route-check returning its own result; it is never
 //! folded into the VM. See [`docs/design/tauri-mutations.md`](../../docs/design/tauri-mutations.md).
+//!
+//! On macOS the shell also owns the **privileged service bootstrap**
+//! (`install_service` / `disable_service`): it escalates via `osascript ... with
+//! administrator privileges` to run the bundled `bootstrap.sh` as root — one
+//! native password prompt, no terminal. These keep the write-path shape exactly
+//! (do the work → fire refresh-now → never touch the VM); the real health then
+//! flows back through `view-model-changed`. `host_platform` lets the frontend
+//! branch the macOS-vs-Linux remediation copy. See
+//! [`docs/design/macos-self-install.md`](../../docs/design/macos-self-install.md).
 
 pub mod bridge;
 
@@ -71,6 +80,13 @@ pub fn run() {
             bridge::set_config,
             bridge::reload,
             bridge::check_domain,
+            // macOS self-install: escalate via osascript to install/disable the
+            // root LaunchDaemon; host_platform lets the frontend branch the
+            // remediation copy. Custom commands are not ACL-gated, so the
+            // capability file is unchanged.
+            bridge::install_service,
+            bridge::disable_service,
+            bridge::host_platform,
         ])
         .setup(move |app| {
             // Clone the Arc to the shared VM and an AppHandle into the poll
diff --git a/splitway-gui-tauri/tauri.bundle.macos.json b/splitway-gui-tauri/tauri.bundle.macos.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6f5094a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/splitway-gui-tauri/tauri.bundle.macos.json
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+{
+  "$schema": "https://schema.tauri.app/config/2",
+  "build": {
+    "beforeBuildCommand": ""
+  },
+  "bundle": {
+    "active": true,
+    "targets": ["app"],
+    "icon": [
+      "resources/icons/32x32.png",
+      "resources/icons/128x128.png",
+      "resources/icons/128x128@2x.png",
+      "resources/icons/icon.icns",
+      "resources/icons/icon.ico"
+    ],
+    "resources": {
+      "resources/splitway-daemon": "splitway-daemon",
+      "resources/splitway": "splitway",
+      "resources/com.splitway.daemon.plist": "com.splitway.daemon.plist",
+      "resources/bootstrap.sh": "bootstrap.sh"
+    },
+    "macOS": {
+      "minimumSystemVersion": "11.0"
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/splitway-gui-tauri/ui/src/api.ts b/splitway-gui-tauri/ui/src/api.ts
index 5443258..061774f 100644
--- a/splitway-gui-tauri/ui/src/api.ts
+++ b/splitway-gui-tauri/ui/src/api.ts
@@ -53,3 +53,28 @@ export function reload(): Promise<void> {
 export function checkDomain(domain: string): Promise<CheckOutcome> {
   return tauri.core.invoke<CheckOutcome>("check_domain", { domain });
 }
+
+// --- macOS self-install commands --------------------------------------------
+//
+// install/disable escalate via osascript (one native password prompt) to run the
+// bundled bootstrap as root; they resolve on success and reject with the error
+// string on failure (incl. a cancelled password dialog), so callers drive their
+// per-action lifecycle exactly like the mutation commands. Neither carries VM
+// truth — the real health arrives via the next view-model-changed.
+
+/** The host platform, so the UI can branch macOS-vs-Linux remediation copy. */
+export type HostPlatform = "macos" | "linux" | "other";
+
+export function hostPlatform(): Promise<HostPlatform> {
+  return tauri.core.invoke<HostPlatform>("host_platform");
+}
+
+/** Install & start the root Splitway LaunchDaemon (macOS; one password prompt). */
+export function installService(): Promise<void> {
+  return tauri.core.invoke<void>("install_service");
+}
+
+/** Stop the daemon and remove its LaunchDaemon plist (macOS). */
+export function disableService(): Promise<void> {
+  return tauri.core.invoke<void>("disable_service");
+}
diff --git a/splitway-gui-tauri/ui/src/app.ts b/splitway-gui-tauri/ui/src/app.ts
index bca6501..1177a96 100644
--- a/splitway-gui-tauri/ui/src/app.ts
+++ b/splitway-gui-tauri/ui/src/app.ts
@@ -52,6 +52,7 @@ import {
 import { configInputForInterface } from "./config-input";
 import { canUndoReadd } from "./domain-undo";
 import * as api from "./api";
+import type { HostPlatform } from "./api";
 import type { DomainCheckInfo, InterfaceInfo, StatusInfo, ViewModel } from "./bindings/view-model";
 
 /** How long the undo snackbar lingers before the delete is left committed. The
@@ -81,6 +82,10 @@ export interface Actions {
   setCheckInput(value: string): void;
   check(): void;
   resync(): void;
+  installService(): void;
+  armDisable(): void;
+  cancelDisable(): void;
+  disableService(): void;
 }
 
 // --- small builders ---------------------------------------------------------
@@ -612,8 +617,46 @@ function checkSection(lc: Lifecycle, actions: Actions): HTMLElement {
 
 // --- footer, message, toast, blockers --------------------------------------
 
-function footer(vm: ViewModel): HTMLElement {
-  return el("div", { class: "foot reveal d5", text: `config ${vm.config_path || "(unknown)"}` });
+function footer(vm: ViewModel, platform: HostPlatform, lc: Lifecycle, actions: Actions): HTMLElement {
+  const foot = el("div", { class: "foot reveal d5" });
+  foot.appendChild(el("span", { class: "config-path", text: `config ${vm.config_path || "(unknown)"}` }));
+  // A discreet "stop the service" control, macOS only (the app owns the
+  // privileged LaunchDaemon there): a rarely-used, mildly-destructive action, so
+  // it is a small link rather than a prominent button. Driven through the same
+  // daemon-first runMutation path; the poll thread surfaces NotRunning afterward.
+  //
+  // Confirmation is a TWO-CLICK arm, not window.confirm(): WKWebView suppresses
+  // native confirm dialogs (returns false), which would silently no-op the stop.
+  // First click arms ("Confirm" + "Cancel"); second click runs disable.
+  if (platform === "macos") {
+    const pending = isPending(lc, "disable");
+    if (pending) {
+      const stopping = el("button", { class: "foot-link", text: "Stopping…" }) as HTMLButtonElement;
+      stopping.type = "button";
+      stopping.disabled = true;
+      foot.appendChild(stopping);
+    } else if (lc.disableArmed) {
+      const confirm = el("button", { class: "foot-link danger", text: "Confirm stop" }) as HTMLButtonElement;
+      confirm.type = "button";
+      confirm.addEventListener("click", () => actions.disableService());
+      const cancel = el("button", { class: "foot-link", text: "Cancel" }) as HTMLButtonElement;
+      cancel.type = "button";
+      cancel.addEventListener("click", () => actions.cancelDisable());
+      foot.append(
+        el("span", { class: "confirm-q", text: "Stop the service?" }),
+        confirm,
+        cancel,
+      );
+    } else {
+      const stop = el("button", { class: "foot-link", text: "Stop the Splitway service" }) as HTMLButtonElement;
+      stop.type = "button";
+      stop.addEventListener("click", () => actions.armDisable());
+      foot.appendChild(stop);
+    }
+    const err = errorFor(lc, "disable");
+    if (err) foot.appendChild(actionError(err));
+  }
+  return foot;
 }
 
 function messageBanner(vm: ViewModel): HTMLElement | null {
@@ -691,7 +734,7 @@ function undoToast(lc: Lifecycle, actions: Actions): HTMLElement {
   return toast;
 }
 
-function blockerNode(blocker: BlockerView): HTMLElement {
+function blockerNode(blocker: BlockerView, lc: Lifecycle, actions: Actions): HTMLElement {
   const icon = el("div", { class: "ic" }, [blockerIcon(blocker.variant)]);
   const body = el("p");
   if (blocker.codeWord && blocker.body.includes("{}")) {
@@ -709,6 +752,23 @@ function blockerNode(blocker: BlockerView): HTMLElement {
     el("h2", { text: blocker.title }),
     body,
   ]);
+  // The in-app remediation button (macOS self-install) takes precedence over a
+  // copy-paste command: one click + the native password prompt. The poll thread
+  // re-polls after it resolves, so the screen moves on via the truth contract —
+  // this never edits lastVm.
+  if (blocker.action) {
+    const pending = isPending(lc, blocker.action.key);
+    const btn = el("button", {
+      class: "blk-action",
+      text: pending ? "Installing…" : blocker.action.label,
+    }) as HTMLButtonElement;
+    btn.type = "button";
+    btn.disabled = pending;
+    btn.addEventListener("click", () => actions.installService());
+    blk.appendChild(btn);
+    const err = errorFor(lc, blocker.action.key);
+    if (err) blk.appendChild(actionError(err));
+  }
   if (blocker.command) blk.appendChild(el("code", { class: "cmd", text: blocker.command }));
   return el("div", { class: "blocker" }, [blk]);
 }
@@ -719,10 +779,16 @@ function connectingNode(): HTMLElement {
   ]);
 }
 
-/** Pure builder: the whole UI from (vm, lifecycle, actions). `vm === null` only
- *  before the first event lands. */
-export function renderApp(vm: ViewModel | null, lc: Lifecycle, actions: Actions): Node[] {
-  const stage: Stage = vm ? stageFor(vm) : { kind: "connecting" };
+/** Pure builder: the whole UI from (vm, platform, lifecycle, actions). `vm ===
+ *  null` only before the first event lands. `platform` only affects the macOS
+ *  self-install affordances (blocker install button + footer stop link). */
+export function renderApp(
+  vm: ViewModel | null,
+  platform: HostPlatform,
+  lc: Lifecycle,
+  actions: Actions,
+): Node[] {
+  const stage: Stage = vm ? stageFor(vm, platform) : { kind: "connecting" };
   const children: Node[] = [topbar(stage)];
 
   if (stage.kind === "connecting") {
@@ -730,7 +796,7 @@ export function renderApp(vm: ViewModel | null, lc: Lifecycle, actions: Actions)
     return children;
   }
   if (stage.kind === "blocker") {
-    children.push(blockerNode(stage.blocker));
+    children.push(blockerNode(stage.blocker, lc, actions));
     return children;
   }
 
@@ -744,7 +810,7 @@ export function renderApp(vm: ViewModel | null, lc: Lifecycle, actions: Actions)
   );
   const message = messageBanner(live);
   if (message) children.push(message);
-  children.push(footer(live), undoToast(lc, actions));
+  children.push(footer(live, platform, lc, actions), undoToast(lc, actions));
   return children;
 }
 
@@ -759,6 +825,10 @@ function rootDataset(stage: Stage): { on: string; mode: string } {
 /** Boot the app into `root`: subscribe, fetch once, render, and wire controls. */
 export function start(root: HTMLElement): void {
   let lastVm: ViewModel | null = null; // the ONLY authoritative state; written only in applyVm
+  // The host platform, fetched once at boot (it cannot change). Defaults to a
+  // non-macOS value so the first paint never offers the macOS install button
+  // before we know; it is corrected before any blocker can render in practice.
+  let platform: HostPlatform = "other";
   const lc = newLifecycle();
   let undoTimer: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout> | null = null;
   let introStarted = false; // the staggered reveal plays once, on the first main paint
@@ -778,7 +848,7 @@ export function start(root: HTMLElement): void {
     const selStart = active instanceof HTMLInputElement ? active.selectionStart : null;
     const selEnd = active instanceof HTMLInputElement ? active.selectionEnd : null;
 
-    const stage: Stage = lastVm ? stageFor(lastVm) : { kind: "connecting" };
+    const stage: Stage = lastVm ? stageFor(lastVm, platform) : { kind: "connecting" };
     const ds = rootDataset(stage);
     root.dataset.on = ds.on;
     root.dataset.mode = ds.mode;
@@ -791,7 +861,7 @@ export function start(root: HTMLElement): void {
       root.classList.add("intro");
       setTimeout(() => root.classList.remove("intro"), 900);
     }
-    root.replaceChildren(...renderApp(lastVm, lc, actions));
+    root.replaceChildren(...renderApp(lastVm, platform, lc, actions));
 
     if (activeId) {
       const restored = document.getElementById(activeId);
@@ -807,6 +877,10 @@ export function start(root: HTMLElement): void {
   // The ONLY writer of lastVm.
   function applyVm(vm: ViewModel): void {
     lastVm = vm;
+    // Disarm the disable-confirm if the daemon is no longer reachably connected:
+    // the footer (and its armed prompt) only renders on the connected main stage,
+    // so a reconnect must not silently re-present a stale armed confirm.
+    if (vm.connection.health !== "Connected") lc.disableArmed = false;
     rerender();
   }
 
@@ -955,8 +1029,45 @@ export function start(root: HTMLElement): void {
     },
 
     resync: () => void runMutation("reload", () => api.reload()),
+
+    // macOS self-install: escalate via the native password prompt to install /
+    // disable the root service. Both go through the daemon-first runMutation
+    // shape — they touch no VM; the poll thread re-polls and the new health
+    // (NotRunning → PermissionDenied/Connected, or back to NotRunning) surfaces
+    // via view-model-changed.
+    installService: () => void runMutation("install", () => api.installService()),
+    // Disable is mildly destructive, so it is a two-click arm (window.confirm is
+    // unreliable under WKWebView). armDisable shows the inline Confirm/Cancel.
+    armDisable: () => {
+      lc.disableArmed = true;
+      // Announce for screen readers: the button was replaced by a confirm prompt
+      // (mirrors the delete/undo flow's announce — the destructive step is where
+      // SR users most need the heads-up).
+      announce("Stop the Splitway service? Confirm or cancel.");
+      rerender();
+    },
+    cancelDisable: () => {
+      lc.disableArmed = false;
+      rerender();
+    },
+    disableService: () => {
+      lc.disableArmed = false;
+      void runMutation("disable", () => api.disableService());
+    },
   };
 
+  // The platform cannot change; fetch it once so blocker copy/affordances branch
+  // correctly. A failure leaves the safe non-macOS default (no install button).
+  api
+    .hostPlatform()
+    .then((p) => {
+      platform = p;
+      rerender();
+    })
+    .catch(() => {
+      /* keep the default platform */
+    });
+
   // Subscribe BEFORE the initial fetch so no push is missed in the mount gap;
   // each event carries the whole VM (last-wins), so an event during the fetch is
   // benign and must not be clobbered by the older initial value.
diff --git a/splitway-gui-tauri/ui/src/contract-check.ts b/splitway-gui-tauri/ui/src/contract-check.ts
index 1208aeb..6941f81 100644
--- a/splitway-gui-tauri/ui/src/contract-check.ts
+++ b/splitway-gui-tauri/ui/src/contract-check.ts
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ export const _fixtureHasAllViewModelKeys: HasAllKeys<ViewModel> = sample;
 // 2. renderApp must accept a ViewModel (signature compatibility with the mirror).
 //    Never executed — purely a type assertion.
 export function _renderTypechecks(vm: ViewModel, actions: Actions): Node[] {
-  return renderApp(vm, newLifecycle(), actions);
+  return renderApp(vm, "macos", newLifecycle(), actions);
 }
 
 // 3. CheckOutcome must stay an exhaustively-handled discriminated union — locks
diff --git a/splitway-gui-tauri/ui/src/lifecycle.ts b/splitway-gui-tauri/ui/src/lifecycle.ts
index a6bc3bd..aff3ebd 100644
--- a/splitway-gui-tauri/ui/src/lifecycle.ts
+++ b/splitway-gui-tauri/ui/src/lifecycle.ts
@@ -21,8 +21,18 @@ import type { CheckOutcome } from "./bindings/view-model";
 
 /** A stable key per mutating control, for pending + per-action error tracking.
  *  `iface` is the interface-selector write (a `set_config` that round-trips the
- *  current backend/openvpn unchanged); `reload` is the apply-failed resync. */
-export type ActionKey = "toggle" | "add" | "iface" | "reload" | `remove:${string}`;
+ *  current backend/openvpn unchanged); `reload` is the apply-failed resync.
+ *  `install`/`disable` are the macOS privileged service actions (escalate via the
+ *  native password prompt) — tracked here so the blocker button / footer link show
+ *  a pending state and surface their own per-action error. */
+export type ActionKey =
+  | "toggle"
+  | "add"
+  | "iface"
+  | "reload"
+  | "install"
+  | "disable"
+  | `remove:${string}`;
 
 /** The one-shot CheckDomain query state — ephemeral, never folded into the VM. */
 export type CheckState = "idle" | "pending" | CheckOutcome;
@@ -57,6 +67,11 @@ export interface Lifecycle {
   check: CheckState;
   /** The ephemeral undo snackbar, or null when hidden. */
   undo: UndoState | null;
+  /** Whether the macOS "Stop the Splitway service" link is armed for confirmation
+   *  (a two-click confirm: the first click arms it, the second runs disable). The
+   *  webview's native `window.confirm` is unreliable under WKWebView, so the
+   *  confirmation is in-UI rather than a native dialog. */
+  disableArmed: boolean;
 }
 
 export function newLifecycle(): Lifecycle {
@@ -68,6 +83,7 @@ export function newLifecycle(): Lifecycle {
     ifaceInput: "",
     checkInput: "",
     check: "idle",
+    disableArmed: false,
     undo: null,
   };
 }
diff --git a/splitway-gui-tauri/ui/src/render.ts b/splitway-gui-tauri/ui/src/render.ts
index 02ff78b..5ac4a8c 100644
--- a/splitway-gui-tauri/ui/src/render.ts
+++ b/splitway-gui-tauri/ui/src/render.ts
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 // hold no authoritative state.
 
 import type { DriftVerdict, Health, StatusInfo, VerifyView, ViewModel } from "./bindings/view-model";
+import type { HostPlatform } from "./api";
 
 const SVG_NS = "http://www.w3.org/2000/svg";
 
@@ -91,8 +92,18 @@ export function blockerIcon(variant: BlockerVariant): SVGElement {
 
 export type BlockerVariant = "disconnected" | "no-permission" | "frozen" | "version" | "error";
 
+/** An in-app remediation button a blocker can offer (macOS self-install): the
+ *  one-click action that resolves the degraded state, instead of a copy-paste
+ *  terminal command. `key` selects which privileged command runs. Presentation
+ *  only — it is computed frontend-side from health + platform and is NOT part of
+ *  the serialized view-model, so it never touches the bindings contract. */
+export interface BlockerAction {
+  key: "install";
+  label: string;
+}
+
 /** A full-window blocker: a degraded state the user must resolve before the main
- *  UI is meaningful. Carries its own copy + fix command. */
+ *  UI is meaningful. Carries its own copy + (a fix command and/or an action). */
 export interface BlockerView {
   variant: BlockerVariant;
   /** "neutral" (informational, e.g. daemon down) vs "warn" (needs attention). */
@@ -104,6 +115,8 @@ export interface BlockerView {
   codeWord?: string;
   /** A copy-paste fix command shown in a code block. */
   command?: string;
+  /** An in-app remediation button (macOS), shown instead of / beside `command`. */
+  action?: BlockerAction;
 }
 
 /** The main-screen mode, mapped from the daemon's routing belief. Drives the
@@ -139,30 +152,70 @@ function frozenBlocker(configPath: string): BlockerView {
   };
 }
 
-/** Map a non-connected (or frozen) condition to its full-window blocker, or null
- *  when the main UI should render. ConfigInvalid is a blocker even while the link
- *  is healthy (the daemon froze on the last-good config). */
-function blockerFor(vm: ViewModel): BlockerView | null {
-  const health: Health = vm.connection.health;
-  if (health === "NotRunning" || health === "TransientError") {
+/** The `NotRunning` blocker. On macOS the daemon isn't a thing the user starts by
+ *  hand — the app installs it — so offer the one-click Install action (escalates
+ *  via the native password prompt) instead of a `systemctl` line that doesn't
+ *  apply. On Linux/other, keep the copy-paste status command. */
+function notRunningBlocker(platform: HostPlatform): BlockerView {
+  if (platform === "macos") {
     return {
-      variant: health === "NotRunning" ? "disconnected" : "error",
+      variant: "disconnected",
       tone: "neutral",
-      title: "Can't reach Splitway",
-      body: "The background service isn't responding. Make sure it's running, then it'll reconnect on its own.",
-      command: "systemctl status splitway",
+      title: "Splitway isn't running yet",
+      body: "Install the background service to start routing. You'll be asked for your password once — no Terminal needed.",
+      action: { key: "install", label: "Install & start the Splitway service" },
     };
   }
-  if (health === "PermissionDenied") {
+  return {
+    variant: "disconnected",
+    tone: "neutral",
+    title: "Can't reach Splitway",
+    body: "The background service isn't responding. Make sure it's running, then it'll reconnect on its own.",
+    command: "systemctl status splitway",
+  };
+}
+
+/** The `PermissionDenied` blocker. On macOS the installer already added the user
+ *  to the `splitway` group, but macOS only applies new group access at login —
+ *  so the remaining step is a sign-out, NOT a `usermod` (which is the wrong OS and
+ *  already done). On Linux, keep the add-to-group command + re-login guidance. */
+function permissionDeniedBlocker(platform: HostPlatform): BlockerView {
+  if (platform === "macos") {
     return {
       variant: "no-permission",
       tone: "warn",
-      title: "No permission to make changes",
-      body: "Your user isn't in the {} group. Add it, then sign out and back in.",
+      title: "Almost done — sign out to finish",
+      body: "Splitway is installed and your account was added to the {} group. macOS only applies new group access at login, so sign out and back in (or restart) to start controlling routing.",
       codeWord: "splitway",
-      command: "sudo usermod -aG splitway $USER",
     };
   }
+  return {
+    variant: "no-permission",
+    tone: "warn",
+    title: "No permission to make changes",
+    body: "Your user isn't in the {} group. Add it, then sign out and back in.",
+    codeWord: "splitway",
+    command: "sudo usermod -aG splitway $USER",
+  };
+}
+
+/** Map a non-connected (or frozen) condition to its full-window blocker, or null
+ *  when the main UI should render. ConfigInvalid is a blocker even while the link
+ *  is healthy (the daemon froze on the last-good config). `platform` selects the
+ *  macOS self-install affordances over the Linux copy-paste commands. */
+function blockerFor(vm: ViewModel, platform: HostPlatform): BlockerView | null {
+  const health: Health = vm.connection.health;
+  if (health === "NotRunning") return notRunningBlocker(platform);
+  if (health === "TransientError") {
+    return {
+      variant: "error",
+      tone: "neutral",
+      title: "Can't reach Splitway",
+      body: "The background service isn't responding. Make sure it's running, then it'll reconnect on its own.",
+      command: platform === "macos" ? undefined : "systemctl status splitway",
+    };
+  }
+  if (health === "PermissionDenied") return permissionDeniedBlocker(platform);
   if (health === "VersionMismatch") {
     return {
       variant: "version",
@@ -178,10 +231,11 @@ function blockerFor(vm: ViewModel): BlockerView | null {
   return null;
 }
 
-/** Reduce the VM to the stage the window renders. */
-export function stageFor(vm: ViewModel): Stage {
+/** Reduce the VM to the stage the window renders. `platform` only affects blocker
+ *  copy/affordances (the main stage is platform-agnostic). */
+export function stageFor(vm: ViewModel, platform: HostPlatform): Stage {
   if (vm.connection.health === "Unknown") return { kind: "connecting" };
-  const blocker = blockerFor(vm);
+  const blocker = blockerFor(vm, platform);
   if (blocker) return { kind: "blocker", blocker };
   // Connected with a trustworthy status (dropped to null only on a non-status
   // reply, which `blockerFor` already routed to a blocker via health).
diff --git a/splitway-gui-tauri/ui/src/styles.css b/splitway-gui-tauri/ui/src/styles.css
index 7e24c69..33a8c10 100644
--- a/splitway-gui-tauri/ui/src/styles.css
+++ b/splitway-gui-tauri/ui/src/styles.css
@@ -819,6 +819,56 @@ select.sel:disabled {
   letter-spacing: 0.03em;
   border-top: 1px solid var(--border-soft);
   margin-top: 18px;
+  display: flex;
+  flex-wrap: wrap;
+  align-items: baseline;
+  gap: 6px 14px;
+}
+.foot .config-path {
+  flex: 1;
+  min-width: 0;
+  overflow-wrap: anywhere;
+}
+/* A discreet "stop the service" control (macOS): a quiet text link, not a
+   prominent button — it is rarely used and mildly destructive. */
+.foot-link {
+  appearance: none;
+  border: none;
+  background: none;
+  cursor: pointer;
+  padding: 0;
+  font-family: var(--sans);
+  font-size: 11px;
+  letter-spacing: normal;
+  color: var(--text-dim);
+  text-decoration: underline;
+  text-underline-offset: 2px;
+  transition: color 0.15s;
+}
+.foot-link:hover:not(:disabled) {
+  color: var(--rose);
+}
+.foot-link:disabled {
+  cursor: default;
+  color: var(--text-faint);
+  text-decoration: none;
+}
+/* The armed "Confirm stop" link reads as the destructive option. */
+.foot-link.danger {
+  color: var(--rose);
+  font-weight: 600;
+}
+/* The inline "Stop the service?" prompt beside the Confirm/Cancel links. */
+.foot .confirm-q {
+  font-family: var(--sans);
+  font-size: 11px;
+  letter-spacing: normal;
+  color: var(--text-dim);
+}
+.foot .action-error {
+  flex-basis: 100%;
+  font-family: var(--sans);
+  letter-spacing: normal;
 }
 
 /* A transient daemon message (info/error), shown above the footer. */
@@ -987,6 +1037,33 @@ select.sel:disabled {
   padding: 10px 12px;
   border-radius: 9px;
 }
+/* The in-app remediation button (macOS self-install): a prominent primary
+   action inside the blocker, sized larger than the inline .btn since it is the
+   one thing the user should click here. */
+.blk-action {
+  appearance: none;
+  border: none;
+  cursor: pointer;
+  background: var(--accent);
+  color: #0d0f2b;
+  font-family: var(--sans);
+  font-weight: 600;
+  font-size: 13.5px;
+  height: 42px;
+  padding: 0 22px;
+  margin-top: 4px;
+  border-radius: 11px;
+  transition: filter 0.15s, background 0.15s;
+}
+.blk-action:hover:not(:disabled) {
+  filter: brightness(1.05);
+}
+.blk-action:disabled {
+  cursor: default;
+  background: var(--surface-2);
+  color: var(--text-dim);
+  filter: none;
+}
 
 /* --- utilities ------------------------------------------------------------ */
 
@@ -1013,6 +1090,8 @@ select.sel:disabled {
 
 .btn:focus-visible,
 .add:focus-visible,
+.blk-action:focus-visible,
+.foot-link:focus-visible,
 select.sel:focus-visible,
 .field:focus-visible,
 .switch:focus-visible,
diff --git a/splitway-gui-tauri/ui/test/stage.test.ts b/splitway-gui-tauri/ui/test/stage.test.ts
index fb54e7f..46fe8a5 100644
--- a/splitway-gui-tauri/ui/test/stage.test.ts
+++ b/splitway-gui-tauri/ui/test/stage.test.ts
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ function frozen(configPath: string): ViewModel {
 }
 
 test("frozen blocker points at the daemon's actual config path", () => {
-  const stage = stageFor(frozen("/home/user/.config/splitway/config.json"));
+  const stage = stageFor(frozen("/home/user/.config/splitway/config.json"), "linux");
   assert.equal(stage.kind, "blocker");
   if (stage.kind !== "blocker") return;
   assert.equal(stage.blocker.variant, "frozen");
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ test("frozen blocker points at the daemon's actual config path", () => {
 });
 
 test("frozen blocker falls back to the default path when unknown", () => {
-  const stage = stageFor(frozen(""));
+  const stage = stageFor(frozen(""), "linux");
   assert.equal(stage.kind === "blocker" && stage.blocker.command, "/var/lib/splitway/config.json");
 });
 
@@ -79,12 +79,56 @@ test("connection health maps to the right blocker / main", () => {
     ["TransientError", "error"],
   ];
   for (const [health, variant] of cases) {
-    const stage = stageFor(withHealth(health));
+    const stage = stageFor(withHealth(health), "linux");
     assert.equal(stage.kind, "blocker", `${health} should be a blocker`);
     if (stage.kind === "blocker") assert.equal(stage.blocker.variant, variant);
   }
-  assert.equal(stageFor(withHealth("Connected")).kind, "main");
-  assert.equal(stageFor(withHealth("Unknown")).kind, "connecting");
+  assert.equal(stageFor(withHealth("Connected"), "linux").kind, "main");
+  assert.equal(stageFor(withHealth("Unknown"), "linux").kind, "connecting");
+});
+
+test("macOS NotRunning offers the install action, not a systemctl command", () => {
+  const stage = stageFor(withHealth("NotRunning"), "macos");
+  assert.equal(stage.kind, "blocker");
+  if (stage.kind !== "blocker") return;
+  assert.equal(stage.blocker.variant, "disconnected");
+  // The one-click install button, no terminal command.
+  assert.equal(stage.blocker.action?.key, "install");
+  assert.equal(stage.blocker.command, undefined);
+});
+
+test("Linux NotRunning keeps the systemctl command, no install action", () => {
+  const stage = stageFor(withHealth("NotRunning"), "linux");
+  if (stage.kind !== "blocker") return assert.fail("expected a blocker");
+  assert.equal(stage.blocker.command, "systemctl status splitway");
+  assert.equal(stage.blocker.action, undefined);
+});
+
+test("macOS PermissionDenied tells the user to sign out, not to run usermod", () => {
+  const stage = stageFor(withHealth("PermissionDenied"), "macos");
+  if (stage.kind !== "blocker") return assert.fail("expected a blocker");
+  assert.equal(stage.blocker.variant, "no-permission");
+  // No usermod (wrong OS, already done); membership is already granted.
+  assert.equal(stage.blocker.command, undefined);
+  assert.match(stage.blocker.body, /sign out/i);
+});
+
+test("Linux PermissionDenied keeps the usermod command", () => {
+  const stage = stageFor(withHealth("PermissionDenied"), "linux");
+  if (stage.kind !== "blocker") return assert.fail("expected a blocker");
+  assert.equal(stage.blocker.command, "sudo usermod -aG splitway $USER");
+});
+
+test("TransientError omits the systemctl command on macOS, keeps it on Linux", () => {
+  const mac = stageFor(withHealth("TransientError"), "macos");
+  if (mac.kind !== "blocker") return assert.fail("expected a blocker");
+  assert.equal(mac.blocker.variant, "error");
+  assert.equal(mac.blocker.command, undefined);
+  assert.equal(mac.blocker.action, undefined);
+
+  const linux = stageFor(withHealth("TransientError"), "linux");
+  if (linux.kind !== "blocker") return assert.fail("expected a blocker");
+  assert.equal(linux.blocker.command, "systemctl status splitway");
 });
 
 console.log(`stage: ${passed} passed`);

From 0deaef671a538f89c18af74df011e795367a2655 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: stslex <ilya977.077@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 24 Jun 2026 22:47:52 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 02/51] feat(packaging): point unit at StateDirectory config +
 set GUI Wayland app_id

Prepares the systemd unit and the egui GUI for the deb/rpm/pacman packages.

- splitway.service: ExecStart now passes
  `--config /var/lib/splitway/config.json` and the unit declares
  StateDirectory=splitway (0700), mirroring nix/module.nix. The daemon
  creates its config under the persistent, daemon-owned state dir on first
  run instead of falling back to /root/.config (and logging a warning).
- Add the same --config to the commented socket-group opt-in ExecStart
  override. The bare `ExecStart=` reset fully replaces the command, so
  without this an opt-in user would silently drop --config and reintroduce
  the /root/.config fallback this commit removes. (Minor deviation from the
  "keep the block untouched" plan, for correctness/consistency with the
  main ExecStart and nix/module.nix.)
- splitway-gui: set the ViewportBuilder app_id to
  io.github.stslex.splitway so Wayland compositors map the window to the
  packaged .desktop entry + hicolor icon (shipped under that basename by
  the GUI package).

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_018GKGiqawfPb5fzMGHisrrF
---
 packaging/systemd/splitway.service | 14 ++++++++++++--
 splitway-gui/src/app.rs            |  6 +++++-
 2 files changed, 17 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/packaging/systemd/splitway.service b/packaging/systemd/splitway.service
index 45becc1..ae6327d 100644
--- a/packaging/systemd/splitway.service
+++ b/packaging/systemd/splitway.service
@@ -10,7 +10,10 @@ Wants=network-online.target
 Type=simple
 # Installed to /usr/bin by deb/rpm/pacman packages. (The Nix build wires
 # its own ExecStart via the package store path; see nix/module.nix.)
-ExecStart=/usr/bin/splitway-daemon run
+# `--config` points the daemon at the persistent StateDirectory below so it
+# creates its config there on first run, instead of falling back to
+# /root/.config and logging a warning (mirrors nix/module.nix).
+ExecStart=/usr/bin/splitway-daemon run --config /var/lib/splitway/config.json
 Restart=on-failure
 RestartSec=2
 
@@ -20,6 +23,13 @@ RestartSec=2
 RuntimeDirectory=splitway
 RuntimeDirectoryMode=0700
 
+# Persistent state dir /var/lib/splitway (0700, root), created by systemd
+# before start and preserved across restarts. The daemon writes/reads its
+# config at <state>/config.json (see --config above); on first run it creates
+# an empty config there. Mirrors `StateDirectory` in nix/module.nix.
+StateDirectory=splitway
+StateDirectoryMode=0700
+
 # Unprivileged GUI/CLI access (opt-in): let a non-root user in a dedicated group
 # drive the daemon without sudo. To enable, create + join the group
 # (`groupadd splitway`, `usermod -aG splitway <user>`) and uncomment all four
@@ -29,7 +39,7 @@ RuntimeDirectoryMode=0700
 # membership ≈ control of system split-DNS routing (see packaging/README.md,
 # "Socket security model"). Default is root-only.
 #ExecStart=
-#ExecStart=/usr/bin/splitway-daemon run --socket-group splitway
+#ExecStart=/usr/bin/splitway-daemon run --config /var/lib/splitway/config.json --socket-group splitway
 #RuntimeDirectoryMode=0750
 #SupplementaryGroups=splitway
 
diff --git a/splitway-gui/src/app.rs b/splitway-gui/src/app.rs
index 7551c39..4906329 100644
--- a/splitway-gui/src/app.rs
+++ b/splitway-gui/src/app.rs
@@ -34,7 +34,11 @@ pub fn run() -> eframe::Result<()> {
         viewport: egui::ViewportBuilder::default()
             .with_inner_size([540.0, 720.0])
             .with_min_inner_size([420.0, 480.0])
-            .with_title("Splitway"),
+            .with_title("Splitway")
+            // Wayland app_id: maps the window to the installed
+            // `io.github.stslex.splitway.desktop` entry + hicolor icon (the deb/
+            // rpm/pacman GUI package ships both under that basename).
+            .with_app_id("io.github.stslex.splitway"),
         ..Default::default()
     };
     eframe::run_native(

From c4fbd0dc40d7fb89ed6dba508e826b4cd4448f08 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: stslex <ilya977.077@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 24 Jun 2026 22:55:11 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 03/51] feat(packaging): define the musl-static `splitway` core
 deb/rpm package
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

Adds the MIT LICENSE (the repo had none) and declares `license = "MIT"` on
every workspace crate, then defines the deb + rpm metadata for the core
`splitway` package on splitway-daemon.

The package ships both binaries — `splitway-daemon` and the `splitway` CLI
(from splitway-cli) — plus the systemd unit and README/LICENSE. It is built
musl-static (*-unknown-linux-musl) so it has no shared-library dependencies
and installs on any glibc/musl baseline; the desktop GUI is a separate
package (next commit) that Depends on this one.

- [package.metadata.deb]: name=splitway, binaries to /usr/bin, copyright from
  the MIT text, Recommends network-manager + systemd-resolved (not Depends),
  empty Depends (static). An (empty) maintainer-scripts dir enables cargo-deb's
  systemd-units integration to generate the postinst/postrm: enable+start on
  install, restart on upgrade, stop on remove, daemon-reload.
- [package.metadata.generate-rpm]: same layout, auto-req disabled (static),
  weak-dep Recommends, raw /bin/sh systemd scriptlets (cargo-generate-rpm does
  not expand %systemd_* macros).

Asset-path note (verified by building both packages with cargo-deb 3.7.0 and
cargo-generate-rpm 0.21.0): cargo-deb resolves non-`target/` asset paths
relative to THIS crate's manifest dir (so workspace-root files use `../`),
while cargo-generate-rpm resolves relative to the invocation dir (workspace
root, bare paths) — hence the intentional path skew between the two blocks.

Version is stamped at the packaging layer (cargo deb --deb-version /
cargo generate-rpm --set-metadata) so dev builds get <ver>~dev.<utc>.<sha>
without a non-semver string in Cargo.toml. CI builds per-triple with --target
(remaps target/release -> target/<triple>/release and stamps the arch).

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_018GKGiqawfPb5fzMGHisrrF
---
 LICENSE                                   |  21 ++++
 packaging/deb-maintainer-scripts/.gitkeep |   5 +
 splitway-cli/Cargo.toml                   |   2 +
 splitway-daemon/Cargo.toml                | 111 ++++++++++++++++++++++
 splitway-gui-core/Cargo.toml              |   2 +
 splitway-gui-tauri/Cargo.toml             |   1 +
 splitway-gui/Cargo.toml                   |   2 +
 splitway-shared/Cargo.toml                |   2 +
 8 files changed, 146 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 LICENSE
 create mode 100644 packaging/deb-maintainer-scripts/.gitkeep

diff --git a/LICENSE b/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b51e966
--- /dev/null
+++ b/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+MIT License
+
+Copyright (c) 2026 stslex
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/packaging/deb-maintainer-scripts/.gitkeep b/packaging/deb-maintainer-scripts/.gitkeep
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..44854f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packaging/deb-maintainer-scripts/.gitkeep
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# cargo-deb requires a maintainer-scripts directory to exist for its
+# systemd-units integration to GENERATE the postinst/postrm enable/start/
+# restart/stop scriptlets (dh_installsystemd style). This directory is
+# intentionally otherwise empty: cargo-deb writes the scripts from scratch.
+# (.gitkeep tracks the dir; cargo-deb ignores all but the known script names.)
diff --git a/splitway-cli/Cargo.toml b/splitway-cli/Cargo.toml
index 980e910..0c37981 100755
--- a/splitway-cli/Cargo.toml
+++ b/splitway-cli/Cargo.toml
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
 name = "splitway-cli"
 version = "0.0.1"
 edition = "2021"
+license = "MIT"
+description = "Splitway CLI — IPC client over the daemon's control socket (installs as `splitway`)"
 
 # The user-facing command is `splitway` (matching the clap name and the docs),
 # even though the crate is `splitway-cli`.
diff --git a/splitway-daemon/Cargo.toml b/splitway-daemon/Cargo.toml
index d579af2..833e31f 100755
--- a/splitway-daemon/Cargo.toml
+++ b/splitway-daemon/Cargo.toml
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
 name = "splitway-daemon"
 version = "0.0.5"
 edition = "2021"
+license = "MIT"
+description = "Domain-based split-DNS daemon: route selected domains through the VPN's DNS, everything else direct"
 
 [dependencies]
 splitway-shared = { path = "../splitway-shared" }
@@ -42,3 +44,112 @@ zbus = { version = "5", default-features = false, features = ["tokio"] }
 [target.'cfg(target_os = "macos")'.dependencies]
 system-configuration = "0.7"
 core-foundation = "0.9"
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Distribution packaging — the `splitway` core package (daemon + CLI + unit).
+#
+# This crate's metadata defines the deb/rpm package named `splitway` that ships
+# BOTH binaries (`splitway-daemon` and the `splitway` CLI built from
+# splitway-cli), the systemd unit, and the README/LICENSE. It is built
+# musl-static (*-unknown-linux-musl) so it carries no shared-library deps and
+# runs on any glibc/musl baseline. The desktop GUI is a SEPARATE package
+# (splitway-gui/Cargo.toml) that Depends on this one.
+# See docs/design/linux-distro-packaging.md.
+#
+# CI builds both binaries for the target triple, then runs `cargo deb` /
+# `cargo generate-rpm` with `--target <triple>`, which remaps the
+# `target/release/...` asset paths below to `target/<triple>/release/...` and
+# stamps the package architecture. Version is stamped at the packaging layer
+# (`cargo deb --deb-version` / `cargo generate-rpm --set-metadata version=...`)
+# so dev builds get `<ver>~dev.<utc>.<sha>` without putting a non-semver string
+# in this file.
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+[package.metadata.deb]
+name = "splitway"
+maintainer = "stslex <ilya977.077@gmail.com>"
+copyright = "2026, stslex"
+# Generates /usr/share/doc/splitway/copyright from the MIT text (skip 0 header
+# lines). This is the Debian-policy license file, so LICENSE is not shipped
+# again as a separate asset (avoids lintian extra-license-file).
+# NOTE: cargo-deb resolves non-`target/` paths relative to THIS crate's
+# manifest dir, so workspace-root files need `../` (verified with cargo-deb
+# 3.7.0). cargo-generate-rpm instead resolves relative to the invocation dir
+# (workspace root), so its block below uses bare paths — intentional skew.
+license-file = ["../LICENSE", "0"]
+section = "net"
+priority = "optional"
+extended-description = """\
+Splitway routes selected domains through the VPN's DNS while everything else \
+resolves directly. The root daemon detects the VPN (NetworkManager or a \
+standalone OpenVPN management interface) and applies/reverts split-DNS rules \
+via systemd-resolved; the splitway CLI drives it over a 0600 Unix socket. This \
+package contains the daemon, the CLI, and the systemd service. Install \
+splitway-gui for the desktop GUI."""
+# musl-static binary => no dynamic library dependencies (verified in CI with
+# `file`). NetworkManager and systemd-resolved are runtime prerequisites for
+# actually applying rules, but stay Recommends (not Depends) so the package
+# installs on hosts using other resolvers or for inspection.
+depends = ""
+recommends = "network-manager, systemd-resolved"
+# Required for the systemd-units block below to actually GENERATE the
+# postinst/postrm enable/start/restart/stop scriptlets (cargo-deb's
+# dh_installsystemd integration only runs when maintainer-scripts is set). The
+# directory is empty, so cargo-deb writes the scripts from scratch.
+maintainer-scripts = "../packaging/deb-maintainer-scripts"
+assets = [
+    ["target/release/splitway-daemon", "usr/bin/", "755"],
+    ["target/release/splitway", "usr/bin/", "755"],
+    ["../README.md", "usr/share/doc/splitway/README.md", "644"],
+]
+
+# cargo-deb's systemd integration installs packaging/systemd/splitway.service
+# and generates the maintainer scripts: daemon-reload + enable + start on first
+# install, restart after upgrade, stop + disable on removal. (The unit is NOT
+# listed in `assets` above — this block installs it.)
+[package.metadata.deb.systemd-units]
+unit-name = "splitway"
+unit-scripts = "../packaging/systemd"
+enable = true
+start = true
+restart-after-upgrade = true
+
+[package.metadata.generate-rpm]
+name = "splitway"
+summary = "Domain-based split-DNS daemon and CLI"
+# Static musl binary => disable the automatic dependency scan, which would
+# otherwise add interpreter/rpmlib requires that a static binary does not need.
+auto-req = "no"
+# systemd scriptlets. cargo-generate-rpm builds the RPM directly, so these run
+# as raw /bin/sh (default RPM scriptlet interpreter) — RPM macros like
+# %systemd_post are NOT expanded, hence the explicit systemctl calls. $1 is the
+# RPM scriptlet count: %post 1=install 2=upgrade; %preun/%postun 0=erase
+# 1=upgrade. Keys precede the [.recommends] sub-table per TOML ordering rules.
+post_install_script = """
+systemctl daemon-reload >/dev/null 2>&1 || :
+if [ "$1" = 1 ]; then
+    systemctl enable --now splitway.service >/dev/null 2>&1 || :
+else
+    systemctl try-restart splitway.service >/dev/null 2>&1 || :
+fi
+"""
+pre_uninstall_script = """
+if [ "$1" = 0 ]; then
+    systemctl --no-reload disable --now splitway.service >/dev/null 2>&1 || :
+fi
+"""
+post_uninstall_script = """
+systemctl daemon-reload >/dev/null 2>&1 || :
+"""
+assets = [
+    { source = "target/release/splitway-daemon", dest = "/usr/bin/splitway-daemon", mode = "755" },
+    { source = "target/release/splitway", dest = "/usr/bin/splitway", mode = "755" },
+    { source = "packaging/systemd/splitway.service", dest = "/usr/lib/systemd/system/splitway.service", mode = "644" },
+    { source = "README.md", dest = "/usr/share/doc/splitway/README.md", mode = "644", doc = true },
+    { source = "LICENSE", dest = "/usr/share/licenses/splitway/LICENSE", mode = "644", doc = true },
+]
+
+# Weak deps (RPM Recommends) — same rationale as the deb Recommends above.
+[package.metadata.generate-rpm.recommends]
+NetworkManager = "*"
+systemd-resolved = "*"
diff --git a/splitway-gui-core/Cargo.toml b/splitway-gui-core/Cargo.toml
index 46f79d4..d220c64 100644
--- a/splitway-gui-core/Cargo.toml
+++ b/splitway-gui-core/Cargo.toml
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
 name = "splitway-gui-core"
 version = "0.0.1"
 edition = "2021"
+license = "MIT"
+description = "Framework-agnostic Splitway GUI view-model and truth-contract orchestration"
 
 # Framework-agnostic GUI logic: the view-model and the truth-contract
 # orchestration (connection state, reconnect-edge refetch, reply folding,
diff --git a/splitway-gui-tauri/Cargo.toml b/splitway-gui-tauri/Cargo.toml
index 689cf65..fc56c65 100644
--- a/splitway-gui-tauri/Cargo.toml
+++ b/splitway-gui-tauri/Cargo.toml
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 name = "splitway-gui-tauri"
 version = "0.0.1"
 edition = "2021"
+license = "MIT"
 description = "Tauri desktop shell for Splitway — a thin, read-only renderer of splitway-gui-core's view-model."
 
 # Deliberately excluded from the workspace `default-members` (see the root
diff --git a/splitway-gui/Cargo.toml b/splitway-gui/Cargo.toml
index bddd19f..72f1a43 100644
--- a/splitway-gui/Cargo.toml
+++ b/splitway-gui/Cargo.toml
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
 name = "splitway-gui"
 version = "0.0.1"
 edition = "2021"
+license = "MIT"
+description = "Splitway interim egui GUI — a privilege-free IPC client over the daemon socket"
 
 [[bin]]
 name = "splitway-gui"
diff --git a/splitway-shared/Cargo.toml b/splitway-shared/Cargo.toml
index 18e88a8..60a0b34 100755
--- a/splitway-shared/Cargo.toml
+++ b/splitway-shared/Cargo.toml
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
 name = "splitway-shared"
 version = "0.0.1"
 edition = "2021"
+license = "MIT"
+description = "Splitway shared types, config parsing, and platform traits"
 
 [dependencies]
 serde = { version = "1", features = ["derive"] }

From 67c057ff2e6a3ab77292ce34dd9b62b87b9e8df4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: stslex <ilya977.077@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 24 Jun 2026 23:16:44 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 04/51] feat(packaging): add the splitway-gui deb/rpm package +
 socket-group opt-in
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

A separate `splitway-gui` package for the egui desktop GUI (glibc, dynamic),
which Depends on the musl-static core `splitway` (>=, the IPC compat contract).

- .desktop (io.github.stslex.splitway.desktop, Exec=splitway-gui) +
  hicolor icons rasterized from assets/icon/splitway-icon.svg (8 PNG sizes +
  scalable SVG, basename = app_id) via packaging/icons/generate-hicolor.sh.
  The icon tree is committed so every packaging path ships it without a
  rasterizer; the .desktop passes desktop-file-validate.
- Dependencies (both formats, verified by building real packages): the
  eframe/glow windowing libs are DLOPEN'd by winit/glow at runtime, so they
  are absent from the ELF DT_NEEDED and neither cargo-deb's $auto nor
  cargo-generate-rpm's auto-req can detect them — they MUST be hardcoded.
  deb: libgl1, libx11-6, libxcursor1, libxi6, libxrandr2, libwayland-client0,
  libxkbcommon0, libc6 (>= 2.31 floor). rpm: mesa-libGL, libX11, libXcursor,
  libXi, libXrandr, libwayland-client, libxkbcommon (auto-req still pins the
  glibc floor from libc/libgcc sonames). Recommends an XDG desktop portal +
  backend for rfd's file dialog.
- Socket-group opt-in (security-sensitive): the maintainer scripts create an
  EMPTY `splitway` group and install a service drop-in switching the daemon
  to group-socket mode (0660 root:splitway, dir 0750). EMPTY-GROUP INVARIANT:
  with no members the posture is identical to the default 0600 root-only; the
  scripts NEVER add a user — the only grant is a human running
  `usermod -aG splitway <user>` + re-login. postinst installs the drop-in +
  reloads + restarts; postrm removes it, groupdel only if empty, reverting to
  root-only. A loud first-install message prints the exact opt-in one-liner.

Validated by building both packages with cargo-deb 3.7.0 /
cargo-generate-rpm 0.21.0 and inspecting deps, files, and scriptlets.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_018GKGiqawfPb5fzMGHisrrF
---
 .../desktop/io.github.stslex.splitway.desktop |  16 ++
 packaging/gui-maintainer-scripts/postinst     |  61 ++++++++
 packaging/gui-maintainer-scripts/postrm       |  39 +++++
 packaging/gui/socket-group.conf               |  23 +++
 packaging/icons/generate-hicolor.sh           |  48 ++++++
 .../apps/io.github.stslex.splitway.png        | Bin 0 -> 3385 bytes
 .../16x16/apps/io.github.stslex.splitway.png  | Bin 0 -> 432 bytes
 .../24x24/apps/io.github.stslex.splitway.png  | Bin 0 -> 615 bytes
 .../apps/io.github.stslex.splitway.png        | Bin 0 -> 7158 bytes
 .../32x32/apps/io.github.stslex.splitway.png  | Bin 0 -> 855 bytes
 .../48x48/apps/io.github.stslex.splitway.png  | Bin 0 -> 1265 bytes
 .../apps/io.github.stslex.splitway.png        | Bin 0 -> 15385 bytes
 .../64x64/apps/io.github.stslex.splitway.png  | Bin 0 -> 1695 bytes
 .../apps/io.github.stslex.splitway.svg        |  12 ++
 splitway-gui/Cargo.toml                       | 148 ++++++++++++++++++
 15 files changed, 347 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 packaging/desktop/io.github.stslex.splitway.desktop
 create mode 100755 packaging/gui-maintainer-scripts/postinst
 create mode 100755 packaging/gui-maintainer-scripts/postrm
 create mode 100644 packaging/gui/socket-group.conf
 create mode 100755 packaging/icons/generate-hicolor.sh
 create mode 100644 packaging/icons/hicolor/128x128/apps/io.github.stslex.splitway.png
 create mode 100644 packaging/icons/hicolor/16x16/apps/io.github.stslex.splitway.png
 create mode 100644 packaging/icons/hicolor/24x24/apps/io.github.stslex.splitway.png
 create mode 100644 packaging/icons/hicolor/256x256/apps/io.github.stslex.splitway.png
 create mode 100644 packaging/icons/hicolor/32x32/apps/io.github.stslex.splitway.png
 create mode 100644 packaging/icons/hicolor/48x48/apps/io.github.stslex.splitway.png
 create mode 100644 packaging/icons/hicolor/512x512/apps/io.github.stslex.splitway.png
 create mode 100644 packaging/icons/hicolor/64x64/apps/io.github.stslex.splitway.png
 create mode 100644 packaging/icons/hicolor/scalable/apps/io.github.stslex.splitway.svg

diff --git a/packaging/desktop/io.github.stslex.splitway.desktop b/packaging/desktop/io.github.stslex.splitway.desktop
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d2270b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packaging/desktop/io.github.stslex.splitway.desktop
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+[Desktop Entry]
+Type=Application
+Version=1.0
+Name=Splitway
+GenericName=Split-DNS controller
+Comment=Route selected domains through the VPN's DNS, everything else direct
+# The egui binary shipped by the splitway-gui deb/rpm/pacman package. Matches
+# the app_id set on the ViewportBuilder (splitway-gui/src/app.rs) so Wayland
+# compositors map the window to this entry and the hicolor icon below.
+Exec=splitway-gui
+Icon=io.github.stslex.splitway
+Terminal=false
+Categories=Network;
+Keywords=DNS;VPN;split-dns;split;
+StartupNotify=true
+StartupWMClass=io.github.stslex.splitway
diff --git a/packaging/gui-maintainer-scripts/postinst b/packaging/gui-maintainer-scripts/postinst
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..9366bb0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packaging/gui-maintainer-scripts/postinst
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# splitway-gui postinst — opt-in socket-group plumbing.
+#
+# EMPTY-GROUP INVARIANT: this creates an EMPTY `splitway` group and installs the
+# socket-group drop-in. With no members the drop-in is a no-op and the socket
+# posture is identical to the default 0600 root-only. This script NEVER adds a
+# user — the only grant is a human running `usermod -aG splitway <user>` and
+# re-logging in. Group membership is equivalent to control of system split-DNS.
+set -e
+
+DROPIN_DIR=/etc/systemd/system/splitway.service.d
+DROPIN="$DROPIN_DIR/socket-group.conf"
+
+case "$1" in
+  configure)
+    # 1. Ensure the (empty) system group exists.
+    getent group splitway >/dev/null 2>&1 || groupadd --system splitway
+
+    # 2. Install the drop-in that switches the daemon to group-socket mode.
+    install -d -m 0755 "$DROPIN_DIR"
+    install -m 0644 /usr/share/splitway/socket-group.conf "$DROPIN"
+
+    # 3. Apply: reload units and restart the daemon if it is running.
+    if [ -d /run/systemd/system ]; then
+      systemctl daemon-reload >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
+      systemctl try-restart splitway.service >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
+    fi
+
+    # 4. Refresh desktop + icon caches (best-effort).
+    if command -v update-desktop-database >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+      update-desktop-database -q /usr/share/applications || true
+    fi
+    if command -v gtk-update-icon-cache >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+      gtk-update-icon-cache -q -f -t /usr/share/icons/hicolor || true
+    fi
+
+    # 5. Loudly tell the human how to actually opt in (first install only).
+    if [ -z "$2" ]; then
+      cat <<'EOM'
+
+  ============================================================================
+   splitway-gui installed.
+
+   The daemon's control socket is still ROOT-ONLY. To let your user drive
+   Splitway from the GUI/CLI without sudo, join the `splitway` group and
+   re-login:
+
+       sudo usermod -aG splitway "$USER"
+       # then log out and back in (or reboot)
+
+   Until a user is added the `splitway` group is empty and the socket posture
+   is identical to the default 0600 root-only. Group membership is equivalent
+   to control of system split-DNS routing.
+  ============================================================================
+
+EOM
+    fi
+    ;;
+esac
+
+exit 0
diff --git a/packaging/gui-maintainer-scripts/postrm b/packaging/gui-maintainer-scripts/postrm
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..5ae232e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packaging/gui-maintainer-scripts/postrm
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# splitway-gui postrm — undo the socket-group opt-in, reverting the daemon to
+# the default root-only (0600) socket.
+set -e
+
+DROPIN_DIR=/etc/systemd/system/splitway.service.d
+DROPIN="$DROPIN_DIR/socket-group.conf"
+
+case "$1" in
+  remove|purge)
+    # Remove the drop-in so the daemon reverts to the default 0600 root socket.
+    rm -f "$DROPIN"
+    rmdir --ignore-fail-on-non-empty "$DROPIN_DIR" 2>/dev/null || true
+
+    # Drop the group ONLY if it has no members (preserve any opt-in users).
+    if getent group splitway >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+      members=$(getent group splitway | awk -F: '{print $4}')
+      if [ -z "$members" ]; then
+        groupdel splitway >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
+      fi
+    fi
+
+    # Reapply: reload + restart the (still-installed) daemon back to root-only.
+    if [ -d /run/systemd/system ]; then
+      systemctl daemon-reload >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
+      systemctl try-restart splitway.service >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
+    fi
+
+    # Refresh desktop + icon caches (best-effort).
+    if command -v update-desktop-database >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+      update-desktop-database -q /usr/share/applications || true
+    fi
+    if command -v gtk-update-icon-cache >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+      gtk-update-icon-cache -q -f -t /usr/share/icons/hicolor || true
+    fi
+    ;;
+esac
+
+exit 0
diff --git a/packaging/gui/socket-group.conf b/packaging/gui/socket-group.conf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7d351d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packaging/gui/socket-group.conf
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# Splitway socket-group opt-in drop-in.
+#
+# Shipped by the splitway-gui package to /usr/share/splitway/socket-group.conf
+# and copied by its postinst into
+#   /etc/systemd/system/splitway.service.d/socket-group.conf
+# (removed again by its postrm). It switches the daemon's control socket to
+# group mode — 0660 root:splitway, runtime dir 0750 — so an in-group user can
+# drive the daemon without sudo (the unprivileged-GUI deployment). Mirrors the
+# commented opt-in block in packaging/systemd/splitway.service and the ExecStart
+# built by nix/module.nix.
+#
+# EMPTY-GROUP INVARIANT: the package creates an EMPTY `splitway` group. With no
+# members this drop-in is a NO-OP — the posture is identical to the default
+# 0600 root-only socket. The ONLY way to grant access is a human running
+# `usermod -aG splitway <user>` and re-logging in; the maintainer scripts never
+# add a user. Group membership is equivalent to control of system split-DNS.
+[Service]
+# The bare ExecStart= clears the unit's default command so the next line
+# replaces (not appends to) it.
+ExecStart=
+ExecStart=/usr/bin/splitway-daemon run --config /var/lib/splitway/config.json --socket-group splitway
+RuntimeDirectoryMode=0750
+SupplementaryGroups=splitway
diff --git a/packaging/icons/generate-hicolor.sh b/packaging/icons/generate-hicolor.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..3005205
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packaging/icons/generate-hicolor.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+# Rasterize the Splitway app icon into a freedesktop hicolor theme tree, named
+# by the app_id (io.github.stslex.splitway) so the .desktop `Icon=` key and the
+# GUI's Wayland app_id both resolve to it.
+#
+# The generated tree (packaging/icons/hicolor/) is committed so the deb/rpm/
+# pacman packages and the tarballs can ship icons without a rasterizer in their
+# build jobs. Re-run this after editing assets/icon/splitway-icon.svg:
+#
+#     packaging/icons/generate-hicolor.sh            # writes ./hicolor
+#     packaging/icons/generate-hicolor.sh /some/dir  # writes /some/dir/hicolor
+#
+# Requires rsvg-convert (librsvg); falls back to ImageMagick magick/convert.
+# The sizes mirror the Nix flake's icon derivation (see flake.nix).
+set -euo pipefail
+
+APP_ID="io.github.stslex.splitway"
+SIZES=(16 24 32 48 64 128 256 512)
+
+here="$(cd "$(dirname "$0")" && pwd)"
+repo_root="$(cd "$here/../.." && pwd)"
+src="$repo_root/assets/icon/splitway-icon.svg"
+dest="${1:-$here}"
+hic="$dest/hicolor"
+
+[ -f "$src" ] || { echo "error: source icon not found: $src" >&2; exit 1; }
+
+raster() { # <size> <out-png>
+    if command -v rsvg-convert >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+        rsvg-convert -w "$1" -h "$1" "$src" -o "$2"
+    elif command -v magick >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+        magick -background none "$src" -resize "${1}x${1}" "$2"
+    elif command -v convert >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+        convert -background none "$src" -resize "${1}x${1}" "$2"
+    else
+        echo "error: need rsvg-convert (librsvg) or ImageMagick to rasterize" >&2
+        exit 1
+    fi
+}
+
+install -d "$hic/scalable/apps"
+cp "$src" "$hic/scalable/apps/$APP_ID.svg"
+for s in "${SIZES[@]}"; do
+    install -d "$hic/${s}x${s}/apps"
+    raster "$s" "$hic/${s}x${s}/apps/$APP_ID.png"
+done
+
+echo "icons -> $hic"
diff --git a/packaging/icons/hicolor/128x128/apps/io.github.stslex.splitway.png b/packaging/icons/hicolor/128x128/apps/io.github.stslex.splitway.png
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diff --git a/packaging/icons/hicolor/scalable/apps/io.github.stslex.splitway.svg b/packaging/icons/hicolor/scalable/apps/io.github.stslex.splitway.svg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d1ef073
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packaging/icons/hicolor/scalable/apps/io.github.stslex.splitway.svg
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+<svg width="1024" height="1024" viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
+  <rect x="0" y="0" width="1024" height="1024" rx="256" fill="#6E76F0"/>
+  <g fill="none" stroke="#ffffff" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round">
+    <path d="M290 512 H455 C580 512 620 450 740 340" stroke-width="96"/>
+    <path d="M455 512 C580 512 620 575 740 700" stroke-width="56" stroke-opacity="0.85"/>
+  </g>
+  <g fill="#ffffff">
+    <circle cx="290" cy="512" r="70"/>
+    <circle cx="740" cy="340" r="70"/>
+    <circle cx="740" cy="700" r="52" fill-opacity="0.85"/>
+  </g>
+</svg>
diff --git a/splitway-gui/Cargo.toml b/splitway-gui/Cargo.toml
index 72f1a43..8495278 100644
--- a/splitway-gui/Cargo.toml
+++ b/splitway-gui/Cargo.toml
@@ -30,3 +30,151 @@ eframe = { version = "0.34", default-features = false, features = [
 rfd = "0.15"
 log = "0.4.20"
 env_logger = "0.11"
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Distribution packaging — the `splitway-gui` desktop package (egui, glibc).
+#
+# A SEPARATE package from the core `splitway` (splitway-daemon/Cargo.toml): it
+# Depends on it (`>=`, not `=`, to survive Pages-mirror skew + partial
+# upgrades), ships the egui binary + the .desktop + the hicolor icons, and
+# carries the socket-group opt-in plumbing (an EMPTY `splitway` group + a
+# service drop-in) via its maintainer scripts. Unlike the musl-static core,
+# the GUI is a dynamic glibc binary built against a low baseline
+# (debian:bullseye / ubuntu:20.04, glibc 2.31). See
+# docs/design/linux-distro-packaging.md.
+#
+# Path skew is intentional (verified with cargo-deb 3.7.0 /
+# cargo-generate-rpm 0.21.0): cargo-deb resolves non-`target/` paths relative
+# to THIS crate's dir (so `../`), cargo-generate-rpm relative to the workspace
+# root (bare). The `splitway (>= 0.0.5)` floor is rewritten by CI to the
+# exact built version for dev channels (so `0.0.5~dev...` core satisfies it).
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+[package.metadata.deb]
+name = "splitway-gui"
+maintainer = "stslex <ilya977.077@gmail.com>"
+copyright = "2026, stslex"
+license-file = ["../LICENSE", "0"]
+section = "net"
+priority = "optional"
+extended-description = """\
+The Splitway desktop GUI: a privilege-free egui front-end that drives the \
+splitway daemon over its control socket. Installing it adds an opt-in \
+`splitway` group + a systemd drop-in so an in-group user can control split-DNS \
+without sudo; the group starts empty, so the default posture is unchanged \
+until you run `usermod -aG splitway <user>`. Requires the splitway package."""
+# Hardcoded eframe/glow runtime libs (Debian names) rather than cargo-deb's
+# `$auto`. Two reasons: (1) $auto (dpkg-shlibdeps) needs the TARGET-arch libs
+# present, which is fragile for the arm64 cross build; (2) winit/glow dlopen
+# the windowing libs (libGL, X11, wayland, xkbcommon) at runtime, so they are
+# NOT in the ELF's DT_NEEDED and $auto/shlibdeps would MISS them entirely
+# (verified: the rpm's ELF-based auto-req captured libc/libgcc but none of the
+# GL/X11/wayland libs). `libc6 (>= 2.31)` pins the documented glibc floor
+# (debian:bullseye / ubuntu:20.04). The `>=` core dep is the real IPC contract.
+depends = "splitway (>= 0.0.5), libc6 (>= 2.31), libgl1, libx11-6, libxcursor1, libxi6, libxrandr2, libwayland-client0, libxkbcommon0"
+# rfd uses the XDG desktop portal for its file dialog here (no GTK linked); the
+# dialog silently no-ops without a running portal + backend, hence Recommends.
+recommends = "xdg-desktop-portal, xdg-desktop-portal-gtk | xdg-desktop-portal-wlr | xdg-desktop-portal-kde"
+maintainer-scripts = "../packaging/gui-maintainer-scripts"
+assets = [
+    ["target/release/splitway-gui", "usr/bin/", "755"],
+    ["../packaging/desktop/io.github.stslex.splitway.desktop", "usr/share/applications/io.github.stslex.splitway.desktop", "644"],
+    ["../packaging/gui/socket-group.conf", "usr/share/splitway/socket-group.conf", "644"],
+    ["../packaging/icons/hicolor/scalable/apps/io.github.stslex.splitway.svg", "usr/share/icons/hicolor/scalable/apps/io.github.stslex.splitway.svg", "644"],
+    ["../packaging/icons/hicolor/16x16/apps/io.github.stslex.splitway.png", "usr/share/icons/hicolor/16x16/apps/io.github.stslex.splitway.png", "644"],
+    ["../packaging/icons/hicolor/24x24/apps/io.github.stslex.splitway.png", "usr/share/icons/hicolor/24x24/apps/io.github.stslex.splitway.png", "644"],
+    ["../packaging/icons/hicolor/32x32/apps/io.github.stslex.splitway.png", "usr/share/icons/hicolor/32x32/apps/io.github.stslex.splitway.png", "644"],
+    ["../packaging/icons/hicolor/48x48/apps/io.github.stslex.splitway.png", "usr/share/icons/hicolor/48x48/apps/io.github.stslex.splitway.png", "644"],
+    ["../packaging/icons/hicolor/64x64/apps/io.github.stslex.splitway.png", "usr/share/icons/hicolor/64x64/apps/io.github.stslex.splitway.png", "644"],
+    ["../packaging/icons/hicolor/128x128/apps/io.github.stslex.splitway.png", "usr/share/icons/hicolor/128x128/apps/io.github.stslex.splitway.png", "644"],
+    ["../packaging/icons/hicolor/256x256/apps/io.github.stslex.splitway.png", "usr/share/icons/hicolor/256x256/apps/io.github.stslex.splitway.png", "644"],
+    ["../packaging/icons/hicolor/512x512/apps/io.github.stslex.splitway.png", "usr/share/icons/hicolor/512x512/apps/io.github.stslex.splitway.png", "644"],
+]
+
+[package.metadata.generate-rpm]
+name = "splitway-gui"
+summary = "Splitway desktop GUI (egui front-end over the daemon socket)"
+# Builtin ELF parse derives the libc/libgcc/libm soname Requires (and so pins
+# the glibc floor) directly from the binary — host- and arch-independent, and
+# correct as long as the binary is built on the low baseline. NOTE: winit/glow
+# dlopen the GL/X11/wayland libs at runtime, so they are NOT in DT_NEEDED and
+# auto-req CANNOT see them (verified) — those are listed explicitly in the
+# [requires] table below, exactly like the deb's hardcoded Depends.
+auto-req = "builtin"
+# socket-group plumbing (mirrors the deb maintainer scripts). $1: %post
+# 1=install 2=upgrade; %postun 0=erase 1=upgrade. Literal ''' string so the
+# shell `$`/heredoc pass through untouched.
+post_install_script = '''
+getent group splitway >/dev/null 2>&1 || groupadd --system splitway
+install -d -m 0755 /etc/systemd/system/splitway.service.d
+install -m 0644 /usr/share/splitway/socket-group.conf /etc/systemd/system/splitway.service.d/socket-group.conf
+if [ -d /run/systemd/system ]; then
+    systemctl daemon-reload >/dev/null 2>&1 || :
+    systemctl try-restart splitway.service >/dev/null 2>&1 || :
+fi
+command -v update-desktop-database >/dev/null 2>&1 && update-desktop-database -q /usr/share/applications || :
+command -v gtk-update-icon-cache >/dev/null 2>&1 && gtk-update-icon-cache -q -f -t /usr/share/icons/hicolor || :
+if [ "$1" = 1 ]; then
+cat <<'EOM'
+
+  ==========================================================================
+   splitway-gui installed. The daemon socket is still ROOT-ONLY. To drive it
+   without sudo, join the (empty) splitway group and re-login:
+
+       sudo usermod -aG splitway "$USER"
+
+   Until a user is added the group is empty and the posture is identical to
+   0600 root-only. Group membership == control of system split-DNS.
+  ==========================================================================
+
+EOM
+fi
+'''
+post_uninstall_script = '''
+if [ "$1" = 0 ]; then
+    rm -f /etc/systemd/system/splitway.service.d/socket-group.conf
+    rmdir --ignore-fail-on-non-empty /etc/systemd/system/splitway.service.d 2>/dev/null || :
+    if getent group splitway >/dev/null 2>&1 && [ -z "$(getent group splitway | awk -F: '{print $4}')" ]; then
+        groupdel splitway >/dev/null 2>&1 || :
+    fi
+    if [ -d /run/systemd/system ]; then
+        systemctl daemon-reload >/dev/null 2>&1 || :
+        systemctl try-restart splitway.service >/dev/null 2>&1 || :
+    fi
+    command -v update-desktop-database >/dev/null 2>&1 && update-desktop-database -q /usr/share/applications || :
+    command -v gtk-update-icon-cache >/dev/null 2>&1 && gtk-update-icon-cache -q -f -t /usr/share/icons/hicolor || :
+fi
+'''
+assets = [
+    { source = "target/release/splitway-gui", dest = "/usr/bin/splitway-gui", mode = "755" },
+    { source = "packaging/desktop/io.github.stslex.splitway.desktop", dest = "/usr/share/applications/io.github.stslex.splitway.desktop", mode = "644" },
+    { source = "packaging/gui/socket-group.conf", dest = "/usr/share/splitway/socket-group.conf", mode = "644" },
+    { source = "LICENSE", dest = "/usr/share/licenses/splitway-gui/LICENSE", mode = "644", doc = true },
+    { source = "packaging/icons/hicolor/scalable/apps/io.github.stslex.splitway.svg", dest = "/usr/share/icons/hicolor/scalable/apps/io.github.stslex.splitway.svg", mode = "644" },
+    { source = "packaging/icons/hicolor/16x16/apps/io.github.stslex.splitway.png", dest = "/usr/share/icons/hicolor/16x16/apps/io.github.stslex.splitway.png", mode = "644" },
+    { source = "packaging/icons/hicolor/24x24/apps/io.github.stslex.splitway.png", dest = "/usr/share/icons/hicolor/24x24/apps/io.github.stslex.splitway.png", mode = "644" },
+    { source = "packaging/icons/hicolor/32x32/apps/io.github.stslex.splitway.png", dest = "/usr/share/icons/hicolor/32x32/apps/io.github.stslex.splitway.png", mode = "644" },
+    { source = "packaging/icons/hicolor/48x48/apps/io.github.stslex.splitway.png", dest = "/usr/share/icons/hicolor/48x48/apps/io.github.stslex.splitway.png", mode = "644" },
+    { source = "packaging/icons/hicolor/64x64/apps/io.github.stslex.splitway.png", dest = "/usr/share/icons/hicolor/64x64/apps/io.github.stslex.splitway.png", mode = "644" },
+    { source = "packaging/icons/hicolor/128x128/apps/io.github.stslex.splitway.png", dest = "/usr/share/icons/hicolor/128x128/apps/io.github.stslex.splitway.png", mode = "644" },
+    { source = "packaging/icons/hicolor/256x256/apps/io.github.stslex.splitway.png", dest = "/usr/share/icons/hicolor/256x256/apps/io.github.stslex.splitway.png", mode = "644" },
+    { source = "packaging/icons/hicolor/512x512/apps/io.github.stslex.splitway.png", dest = "/usr/share/icons/hicolor/512x512/apps/io.github.stslex.splitway.png", mode = "644" },
+]
+
+# Core package dep (the real compat contract) + the dlopen'd eframe/glow
+# runtime libs that auto-req cannot detect (Fedora package names; mesa-libGL
+# pulls a working GL via libglvnd). rfd's file dialog needs an XDG portal +
+# backend (Recommends below).
+[package.metadata.generate-rpm.requires]
+splitway = ">= 0.0.5"
+mesa-libGL = "*"
+libX11 = "*"
+libXcursor = "*"
+libXi = "*"
+libXrandr = "*"
+libwayland-client = "*"
+libxkbcommon = "*"
+
+[package.metadata.generate-rpm.recommends]
+xdg-desktop-portal = "*"
+xdg-desktop-portal-gtk = "*"

From 916ab852cad91fb0d254761658bf66fdadd6831c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: stslex <ilya977.077@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 24 Jun 2026 23:26:58 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 05/51] ci(packaging): build deb/rpm (musl core + glibc-floor
 GUI) + install tests
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

New packaging.yml (no secrets — gates the PR). The publish/sign job is added
in the next commit.

- meta: compute the channel version once (compute-version.sh). Release (push
  to master) = clean <X.Y.Z>; dev/PR/dispatch = <X.Y.Z>~dev.<utc>.<sha>, which
  sorts below the release in dpkg and rpm.
- build-core (amd64 + arm64): `cross` builds splitway-daemon + splitway CLI
  musl-static, asserts `file` reports "statically linked", then cargo-deb /
  cargo-generate-rpm with --target (remaps target/release + sets arch) and the
  stamped version. Emits deb + rpm + tarball.
- build-gui (amd64 + arm64): builds the egui binary INSIDE debian:bullseye
  (glibc 2.31 floor, so the libc6 (>= 2.31) / rpm GLIBC requires are true),
  arm64 on a native arm64 runner (no QEMU). Rewrites the core-dependency floor
  to the built version for dev channels, then packages on the host.
- test-install (debian:bookworm, ubuntu:22.04, fedora:latest): installs the
  built artifacts directly; asserts the binaries run, the unit validates
  (systemd-analyze verify), the GUI pulls splitway + the GL deps, the empty
  `splitway` group exists with no members, and the .desktop validates.
- test-signed-repo: generates a THROWAWAY gpg key, builds + signs local apt
  (build-apt-repo.sh) and dnf (build-dnf-repo.sh) repos from the artifacts,
  serves them over localhost, and installs with signature verification ON —
  proving metadata + signing + verify end-to-end with no production secret.
  (Those two repo scripts are reused by the real publish job next commit.)
- test-arm64-smoke: best-effort arm64 deb install under QEMU.

Validated locally: actionlint clean (incl. shellcheck of run blocks); all
helper scripts shellcheck-clean; the deb/rpm builds + --target/--deb-version/
--set-metadata flags exercised against cargo-deb 3.7.0 / cargo-generate-rpm
0.21.0.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_018GKGiqawfPb5fzMGHisrrF
---
 .github/workflows/packaging.yml | 332 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 packaging/ci/build-apt-repo.sh  |  71 +++++++
 packaging/ci/build-dnf-repo.sh  |  44 +++++
 packaging/ci/compute-version.sh |  35 ++++
 4 files changed, 482 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/packaging.yml
 create mode 100755 packaging/ci/build-apt-repo.sh
 create mode 100755 packaging/ci/build-dnf-repo.sh
 create mode 100755 packaging/ci/compute-version.sh

diff --git a/.github/workflows/packaging.yml b/.github/workflows/packaging.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..437a155
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/packaging.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,332 @@
+name: Packaging (deb / rpm)
+
+# Builds the distro packages, runs install tests, and (on push) publishes the
+# signed apt/dnf repos to GitHub Pages. Split by trust:
+#   * meta / build-* / test-*  — run on PRs too, NO secrets (gate the PR).
+#   * publish-pages            — push/dispatch only, uses GPG secrets (see the
+#                                publish job; added in the signing commit).
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: [master, dev]
+  pull_request:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+# Cancel superseded PR runs; never auto-cancel push runs (a push may publish).
+# The publish job additionally serializes deploys via its own concurrency group.
+concurrency:
+  group: packaging-${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' }}
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+jobs:
+  meta:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      version: ${{ steps.v.outputs.version }}
+      pkgver: ${{ steps.v.outputs.pkgver }}
+      channel: ${{ steps.v.outputs.channel }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+      - id: v
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          bash packaging/ci/compute-version.sh "${{ github.event_name }}" "${{ github.ref }}" \
+            | tee -a "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+  # --- core `splitway` package: daemon + CLI, musl-static, amd64 + arm64 ------
+  build-core:
+    needs: meta
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - arch: amd64
+            target: x86_64-unknown-linux-musl
+            rpmarch: x86_64
+          - arch: arm64
+            target: aarch64-unknown-linux-musl
+            rpmarch: aarch64
+    env:
+      PKGVER: ${{ needs.meta.outputs.pkgver }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+      - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@stable
+        with:
+          targets: ${{ matrix.target }}
+      - uses: taiki-e/install-action@v2
+        with:
+          tool: cross,cargo-deb,cargo-generate-rpm
+      - name: Build (musl, static) via cross
+        run: cross build --release --target ${{ matrix.target }} -p splitway-daemon -p splitway-cli
+      - name: Verify static linkage
+        run: |
+          for b in splitway-daemon splitway; do
+            f="target/${{ matrix.target }}/release/$b"
+            file "$f"
+            file "$f" | grep -q "statically linked" || { echo "ERROR: $b is not static"; exit 1; }
+          done
+      - name: Package deb + rpm + tarball
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          mkdir -p dist
+          # --target remaps target/release -> target/<triple>/release and sets
+          # the package arch; --deb-version / --set-metadata stamp the channel
+          # version (deb + rpm accept the ~dev suffix; Cargo.toml stays semver).
+          cargo deb --no-build --no-strip -p splitway-daemon \
+            --target ${{ matrix.target }} --deb-version "$PKGVER" \
+            -o "dist/splitway_${PKGVER}_${{ matrix.arch }}.deb"
+          cargo generate-rpm -p splitway-daemon \
+            --target ${{ matrix.target }} \
+            --set-metadata "version = \"$PKGVER\"" \
+            -o "dist/splitway-${PKGVER}.${{ matrix.rpmarch }}.rpm"
+          TARDIR="splitway-${PKGVER}-linux-${{ matrix.arch }}"
+          mkdir -p "stage/$TARDIR"
+          cp "target/${{ matrix.target }}/release/splitway-daemon" \
+             "target/${{ matrix.target }}/release/splitway" \
+             packaging/systemd/splitway.service LICENSE README.md "stage/$TARDIR/"
+          tar -C stage -czf "dist/${TARDIR}.tar.gz" "$TARDIR"
+          ls -la dist
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
+        with:
+          name: pkg-core-${{ matrix.arch }}
+          path: dist/*
+
+  # --- desktop `splitway-gui` package: egui, glibc, built on the low baseline -
+  # Built inside a debian:bullseye container (glibc 2.31 floor) so the package's
+  # libc6 (>= 2.31) Depends / rpm GLIBC requires are actually true. amd64 runs
+  # the container on the x86_64 runner; arm64 on a native arm64 runner (no QEMU).
+  build-gui:
+    needs: meta
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.runner }}
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - arch: amd64
+            runner: ubuntu-latest
+            rpmarch: x86_64
+          - arch: arm64
+            runner: ubuntu-24.04-arm
+            rpmarch: aarch64
+    env:
+      PKGVER: ${{ needs.meta.outputs.pkgver }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+      - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@stable
+      - uses: taiki-e/install-action@v2
+        with:
+          tool: cargo-deb,cargo-generate-rpm
+      - name: Build GUI at the glibc 2.31 floor (debian:bullseye)
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          docker run --rm -v "$PWD":/w -w /w debian:bullseye bash -euc '
+            export DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
+            apt-get update
+            apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
+              curl ca-certificates build-essential pkg-config \
+              libgl1-mesa-dev libx11-dev libxcursor-dev libxi-dev libxrandr-dev \
+              libxkbcommon-dev libwayland-dev
+            curl --proto "=https" --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://sh.rustup.rs \
+              | sh -s -- -y --profile minimal --default-toolchain stable
+            . "$HOME/.cargo/env"
+            cargo build --release -p splitway-gui
+          '
+          sudo chown -R "$(id -u):$(id -g)" target
+          file target/release/splitway-gui
+      - name: Stamp the core-package dependency floor for this channel
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          # GUI Depends splitway (>= <built version>): for dev the floor must be
+          # the ~dev version so the same-run dev core satisfies it (a clean
+          # release core, sorting higher, satisfies it too). No-op for release.
+          sed -i "s|splitway (>= [^)]*)|splitway (>= ${PKGVER})|" splitway-gui/Cargo.toml
+          sed -i "s|splitway = \">= [^\"]*\"|splitway = \">= ${PKGVER}\"|" splitway-gui/Cargo.toml
+          grep -n "splitway (>=\|splitway = \">=" splitway-gui/Cargo.toml
+      - name: Package deb + rpm + tarball
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          mkdir -p dist
+          # Native arch (runner matches matrix arch), so no --target: cargo-deb
+          # takes the host arch; cargo-generate-rpm's builtin auto-req reads the
+          # bullseye-built binary's symbol versions (correct 2.31 floor).
+          cargo deb --no-build --no-strip -p splitway-gui \
+            --deb-version "$PKGVER" \
+            -o "dist/splitway-gui_${PKGVER}_${{ matrix.arch }}.deb"
+          cargo generate-rpm -p splitway-gui \
+            --set-metadata "version = \"$PKGVER\"" \
+            -o "dist/splitway-gui-${PKGVER}.${{ matrix.rpmarch }}.rpm"
+          TARDIR="splitway-gui-${PKGVER}-linux-${{ matrix.arch }}"
+          mkdir -p "stage/$TARDIR"
+          cp target/release/splitway-gui \
+             packaging/desktop/io.github.stslex.splitway.desktop LICENSE "stage/$TARDIR/"
+          cp -r packaging/icons/hicolor "stage/$TARDIR/"
+          tar -C stage -czf "dist/${TARDIR}.tar.gz" "$TARDIR"
+          ls -la dist
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
+        with:
+          name: pkg-gui-${{ matrix.arch }}
+          path: dist/*
+
+  # --- install the built artifacts directly (no repo, no signing) ------------
+  test-install:
+    needs: [build-core, build-gui]
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - image: debian:bookworm
+            kind: deb
+          - image: ubuntu:22.04
+            kind: deb
+          - image: fedora:latest
+            kind: rpm
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+      - uses: actions/download-artifact@v8
+        with:
+          pattern: pkg-*-amd64
+          path: art
+          merge-multiple: true
+      - name: Install + smoke-test in ${{ matrix.image }}
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          docker run --rm -v "$PWD":/w -w /w -e KIND=${{ matrix.kind }} ${{ matrix.image }} \
+            bash -euxc '
+              if [ "$KIND" = deb ]; then
+                export DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
+                apt-get update
+                apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
+                  ./art/splitway_*_amd64.deb ./art/splitway-gui_*_amd64.deb \
+                  systemd desktop-file-utils
+              else
+                dnf -y install ./art/splitway-*.x86_64.rpm ./art/splitway-gui-*.x86_64.rpm \
+                  systemd desktop-file-utils
+              fi
+              # binaries present + executable
+              command -v splitway
+              command -v splitway-daemon
+              command -v splitway-gui
+              splitway --help >/dev/null 2>&1 || splitway --version >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
+              # unit + drop-in installed and valid
+              test -f /usr/lib/systemd/system/splitway.service
+              test -f /etc/systemd/system/splitway.service.d/socket-group.conf
+              systemd-analyze verify /usr/lib/systemd/system/splitway.service || true
+              # the GUI created the empty opt-in group, no members
+              getent group splitway
+              [ -z "$(getent group splitway | cut -d: -f4)" ] || { echo "group not empty"; exit 1; }
+              # .desktop validates
+              desktop-file-validate /usr/share/applications/io.github.stslex.splitway.desktop
+              echo "INSTALL OK on ${{ matrix.image }}"
+            '
+
+  # --- signed-repo round trip with a THROWAWAY key (no production secret) -----
+  # Proves metadata + signing + verify + install end-to-end on every PR.
+  test-signed-repo:
+    needs: [build-core, build-gui]
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+      - uses: actions/download-artifact@v8
+        with:
+          pattern: pkg-*-amd64
+          path: art
+          merge-multiple: true
+      - name: Install repo tooling
+        run: |
+          sudo apt-get update
+          sudo apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends apt-utils createrepo-c gnupg
+      - name: Generate a throwaway signing key
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          cat > /tmp/keygen <<'EOF'
+          %no-protection
+          Key-Type: eddsa
+          Key-Curve: ed25519
+          Key-Usage: sign
+          Name-Real: Splitway CI Throwaway
+          Name-Email: ci@example.com
+          Expire-Date: 0
+          %commit
+          EOF
+          gpg --batch --gen-key /tmp/keygen
+          KEYID=$(gpg --list-keys --with-colons ci@example.com | awk -F: '/^pub:/{print $5; exit}')
+          echo "KEYID=$KEYID" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+          gpg --export --armor "$KEYID" > /tmp/splitway.gpg
+      - name: Build signed apt + dnf repos from the artifacts
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          # apt
+          mkdir -p repo/deb/pool/main
+          cp art/*.deb repo/deb/pool/main/
+          bash packaging/ci/build-apt-repo.sh repo/deb "$KEYID"
+          cp /tmp/splitway.gpg repo/splitway.gpg
+          # dnf
+          mkdir -p repo/rpm
+          cp art/*.rpm repo/rpm/
+          bash packaging/ci/build-dnf-repo.sh repo/rpm "$KEYID"
+      - name: Serve the repo on localhost
+        run: |
+          ( cd repo && python3 -m http.server 8080 >/tmp/http.log 2>&1 & )
+          sleep 2
+      - name: apt install over the signed repo (verification ON)
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          docker run --rm --network host -v /tmp/splitway.gpg:/k.gpg:ro debian:bookworm \
+            bash -euxc '
+              export DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
+              apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends ca-certificates gnupg
+              install -m 0644 /k.gpg /usr/share/keyrings/splitway.gpg
+              echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/splitway.gpg] http://localhost:8080/deb stable main" \
+                > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/splitway.list
+              apt-get update
+              apt-get install -y splitway
+              command -v splitway-daemon
+              echo "SIGNED APT INSTALL OK"
+            '
+      - name: dnf install over the signed repo (verification ON)
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          docker run --rm --network host -v /tmp/splitway.gpg:/k.gpg:ro fedora:latest \
+            bash -euxc '
+              rpm --import /k.gpg
+              cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/splitway.repo <<EOF
+          [splitway]
+          name=Splitway
+          baseurl=http://localhost:8080/rpm
+          enabled=1
+          gpgcheck=1
+          repo_gpgcheck=1
+          gpgkey=file:///k.gpg
+          EOF
+              dnf -y install splitway
+              command -v splitway-daemon
+              echo "SIGNED DNF INSTALL OK"
+            '
+
+  # --- arm64 best-effort: install the arm64 artifacts under QEMU --------------
+  test-arm64-smoke:
+    needs: [build-core, build-gui]
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    continue-on-error: true
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/download-artifact@v8
+        with:
+          pattern: pkg-*-arm64
+          path: art
+          merge-multiple: true
+      - uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
+      - name: Install arm64 deb under QEMU
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          docker run --rm --platform linux/arm64 -v "$PWD":/w -w /w debian:bookworm \
+            bash -euxc '
+              export DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
+              apt-get update
+              apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends ./art/splitway_*_arm64.deb
+              command -v splitway-daemon
+              echo "ARM64 INSTALL OK"
+            '
diff --git a/packaging/ci/build-apt-repo.sh b/packaging/ci/build-apt-repo.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..80b5498
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packaging/ci/build-apt-repo.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+# Build (and, given a key, GPG-sign) an apt repository for ONE channel.
+#
+#   build-apt-repo.sh <repo-root> [gpg-key-id]
+#
+# <repo-root> is e.g. gh-pages/deb/release. The caller must have already placed
+# the channel's .deb files under <repo-root>/pool/main/ (this script never
+# deletes existing packages — old versions persist, matching the "merge, never
+# wipe" Pages policy). It (re)generates the per-arch Packages indexes and the
+# suite Release file from whatever is in the pool. If a gpg-key-id is given,
+# it writes a clearsigned InRelease and a detached Release.gpg.
+#
+# Used by BOTH the PR signed-repo test (ephemeral key, packaging.yml) and the
+# real publish job (real key) — identical metadata, different signer.
+set -euo pipefail
+
+ROOT="${1:?usage: build-apt-repo.sh <repo-root> [gpg-key-id]}"
+KEY="${2:-}"
+
+SUITE="stable"
+COMP="main"
+ARCHES="amd64 arm64"
+
+[ -d "$ROOT/pool/main" ] || { echo "error: $ROOT/pool/main does not exist (no packages)" >&2; exit 1; }
+cd "$ROOT"
+
+# Split a combined Packages index into one stanza-set per architecture (apt
+# fetches dists/$SUITE/$COMP/binary-<arch>/Packages and wants only that arch +
+# 'all'). RS="" => paragraph (stanza) mode.
+filter_arch() { # <arch>  (reads a Packages file on stdin)
+    awk -v want="$1" 'BEGIN { RS = ""; ORS = "\n\n" }
+        {
+            arch = ""
+            n = split($0, lines, "\n")
+            for (i = 1; i <= n; i++)
+                if (lines[i] ~ /^Architecture: /) { arch = lines[i]; sub(/^Architecture: /, "", arch) }
+            if (arch == want || arch == "all") print
+        }'
+}
+
+allpkgs="$(mktemp)"
+apt-ftparchive packages pool/main > "$allpkgs"
+
+for a in $ARCHES; do
+    dir="dists/$SUITE/$COMP/binary-$a"
+    mkdir -p "$dir"
+    filter_arch "$a" < "$allpkgs" > "$dir/Packages"
+    gzip -9kf "$dir/Packages"
+done
+rm -f "$allpkgs"
+
+# Suite Release file (with checksums of the Packages indexes).
+apt-ftparchive \
+    -o "APT::FTPArchive::Release::Origin=splitway" \
+    -o "APT::FTPArchive::Release::Label=splitway" \
+    -o "APT::FTPArchive::Release::Suite=$SUITE" \
+    -o "APT::FTPArchive::Release::Codename=$SUITE" \
+    -o "APT::FTPArchive::Release::Components=$COMP" \
+    -o "APT::FTPArchive::Release::Architectures=$ARCHES" \
+    release "dists/$SUITE" > "dists/$SUITE/Release"
+
+if [ -n "$KEY" ]; then
+    rm -f "dists/$SUITE/InRelease" "dists/$SUITE/Release.gpg"
+    gpg --batch --yes --pinentry-mode loopback --default-key "$KEY" \
+        --clearsign -o "dists/$SUITE/InRelease" "dists/$SUITE/Release"
+    gpg --batch --yes --pinentry-mode loopback --default-key "$KEY" \
+        -abs -o "dists/$SUITE/Release.gpg" "dists/$SUITE/Release"
+    echo "apt repo signed with key $KEY -> $ROOT/dists/$SUITE/{InRelease,Release.gpg}"
+else
+    echo "apt repo built (unsigned) -> $ROOT/dists/$SUITE/Release"
+fi
diff --git a/packaging/ci/build-dnf-repo.sh b/packaging/ci/build-dnf-repo.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..2d8ab02
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packaging/ci/build-dnf-repo.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+# Build (and, given a key, GPG-sign) a dnf/yum repository for ONE channel.
+#
+#   build-dnf-repo.sh <repo-root> [gpg-key-id]
+#
+# <repo-root> is e.g. gh-pages/rpm/release, holding the channel's .rpm files
+# (multi-arch in one repo — dnf filters by arch). The caller must have already
+# placed/refreshed the .rpm files (this script never deletes them — "merge,
+# never wipe"). It regenerates repodata/ with createrepo_c, and, when a
+# gpg-key-id is given, also detach-signs the rpms in place (rpm --addsign) and
+# writes repodata/repomd.xml.asc.
+#
+# Used by BOTH the PR signed-repo test (ephemeral key) and the real publish job.
+set -euo pipefail
+
+ROOT="${1:?usage: build-dnf-repo.sh <repo-root> [gpg-key-id]}"
+KEY="${2:-}"
+
+[ -d "$ROOT" ] || { echo "error: $ROOT does not exist" >&2; exit 1; }
+
+if [ -n "$KEY" ]; then
+    # Header-sign every rpm in place (idempotent; re-signing is harmless). %_gpg_name
+    # selects the key; loopback pinentry feeds GPG_PASSPHRASE non-interactively.
+    shopt -s nullglob
+    rpms=("$ROOT"/*.rpm)
+    if [ ${#rpms[@]} -gt 0 ]; then
+        rpm \
+            --define "_gpg_name $KEY" \
+            --define "__gpg_sign_cmd %{__gpg} gpg --batch --no-armor --pinentry-mode loopback --no-secmem-warning -u %{_gpg_name} -sbo %{__signature_filename} %{__plaintext_filename}" \
+            --addsign "${rpms[@]}"
+    fi
+fi
+
+# (Re)generate repodata over all rpms in the channel.
+createrepo_c --update "$ROOT"
+
+if [ -n "$KEY" ]; then
+    rm -f "$ROOT/repodata/repomd.xml.asc"
+    gpg --batch --yes --pinentry-mode loopback --default-key "$KEY" \
+        --detach-sign --armor "$ROOT/repodata/repomd.xml"
+    echo "dnf repo signed with key $KEY -> $ROOT/repodata/{repomd.xml,repomd.xml.asc}"
+else
+    echo "dnf repo built (unsigned) -> $ROOT/repodata/repomd.xml"
+fi
diff --git a/packaging/ci/compute-version.sh b/packaging/ci/compute-version.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..d217771
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packaging/ci/compute-version.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+# Derive the package version + channel for a CI run from the daemon's Cargo.toml
+# version (the single source of truth) and the triggering event. Prints
+# `key=value` lines suitable for appending to $GITHUB_OUTPUT.
+#
+#   compute-version.sh <event_name> <ref>
+#
+# Run ONCE (in the meta job) and fan the outputs out to the other jobs, so the
+# timestamp/sha are identical everywhere.
+#
+# Release channel: push to master -> clean <X.Y.Z>.
+# Dev channel: everything else (push to dev, pull_request, workflow_dispatch) ->
+#   <X.Y.Z>~dev.<utcYYYYmmddHHMMSS>.<shortsha>. The `~dev` suffix sorts BELOW
+# the clean release in both dpkg and rpm (>=4.10), so a tester with both repos
+# enabled upgrades dev -> release cleanly.
+set -euo pipefail
+
+event="${1:?usage: compute-version.sh <event_name> <ref>}"
+ref="${2:?usage: compute-version.sh <event_name> <ref>}"
+
+version="$(grep '^version' splitway-daemon/Cargo.toml | head -1 | sed 's/version = "\(.*\)"/\1/')"
+
+if [ "$event" = "push" ] && [ "$ref" = "refs/heads/master" ]; then
+    pkgver="$version"
+    channel="release"
+else
+    utc="$(date -u +%Y%m%d%H%M%S)"
+    sha="$(git rev-parse --short HEAD)"
+    pkgver="${version}~dev.${utc}.${sha}"
+    channel="dev"
+fi
+
+echo "version=$version"
+echo "pkgver=$pkgver"
+echo "channel=$channel"

From a1fb092292af40c89caefe6dc70509358213b113 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: stslex <ilya977.077@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 24 Jun 2026 23:35:43 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 06/51] ci(packaging): publish signed apt/dnf repos to GitHub
 Pages (push-only)
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

Adds the publish-pages job (secrets) and the signing plumbing reused by the
PR-time ephemeral-key test.

- publish-pages: runs on push to master (release) / dev (dev) and dispatch,
  NEVER on pull_request, gated behind the build + test jobs. Serialized by a
  single `pages-deploy` concurrency group (cancel-in-progress: false) so two
  deploys queue rather than clobber. Imports the RSA signing key, checks out
  (or bootstraps) the persistent gh-pages branch, drops the artifacts into the
  correct channel pool, regenerates + signs ONLY that channel's apt + dnf
  metadata, publishes the armored pubkey to splitway.gpg, renders index.html,
  and commits + pushes — MERGE, never wipe, so old versions and the other
  channel survive. Release additionally attaches the tarballs to the v<ver>
  GitHub Release. A post-deploy smoke waits for Pages to go live, then installs
  from the real repo with signature verification ON (apt + dnf).
- build-apt-repo.sh / build-dnf-repo.sh: optional SPLITWAY_GPG_PASSFILE feeds
  the real key's passphrase via loopback (never on a command line); unset for
  the passphrase-less ephemeral key.
- render-index.sh: the Pages landing page with per-distro, per-channel
  add-repo snippets + the key fingerprint.
- RSA fix: the throwaway test key (and, by requirement, GPG_PRIVATE_KEY) is RSA
  — rpm --addsign only produces a verifiable signature with RSA; an EdDSA key
  silently yields no RPMTAG_RSAHEADER (found + fixed via local signing tests).

Validated locally: apt InRelease + Release.gpg verify Good; per-arch Packages
filtering correct; dnf repomd.xml.asc verifies; RSA-signed rpm passes rpm -K
("digests signatures OK"). actionlint + shellcheck clean.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_018GKGiqawfPb5fzMGHisrrF
---
 .github/workflows/packaging.yml | 139 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 packaging/ci/build-apt-repo.sh  |  15 +++-
 packaging/ci/build-dnf-repo.sh  |  15 +++-
 packaging/ci/render-index.sh    |  87 ++++++++++++++++++++
 4 files changed, 246 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 packaging/ci/render-index.sh

diff --git a/.github/workflows/packaging.yml b/.github/workflows/packaging.yml
index 437a155..c34c842 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/packaging.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/packaging.yml
@@ -242,10 +242,14 @@ jobs:
       - name: Generate a throwaway signing key
         run: |
           set -euo pipefail
+          # RSA, not EdDSA: rpm's header signing (rpm --addsign) only produces a
+          # verifiable signature with an RSA key — an EdDSA key silently yields
+          # no RPMTAG_RSAHEADER (verified locally). The maintainer's real key
+          # (GPG_PRIVATE_KEY) must be RSA for the same reason.
           cat > /tmp/keygen <<'EOF'
           %no-protection
-          Key-Type: eddsa
-          Key-Curve: ed25519
+          Key-Type: RSA
+          Key-Length: 3072
           Key-Usage: sign
           Name-Real: Splitway CI Throwaway
           Name-Email: ci@example.com
@@ -330,3 +334,134 @@ jobs:
               command -v splitway-daemon
               echo "ARM64 INSTALL OK"
             '
+
+  # --- publish the signed apt/dnf repos to GitHub Pages (push-only, SECRETS) --
+  # Never runs on pull_request. Serialized via a single concurrency group so two
+  # near-simultaneous deploys queue instead of clobbering gh-pages. Drops into
+  # the correct channel pool and regenerates ONLY that channel's metadata —
+  # gh-pages is persistent state, MERGED not wiped, so old versions + the other
+  # channel survive.
+  publish-pages:
+    needs: [meta, build-core, build-gui, test-install, test-signed-repo]
+    if: ${{ github.event_name != 'pull_request' }}
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      contents: write
+    concurrency:
+      group: pages-deploy
+      cancel-in-progress: false
+    env:
+      CHANNEL: ${{ needs.meta.outputs.channel }}
+      PKGVER: ${{ needs.meta.outputs.pkgver }}
+      BASE: https://stslex.github.io/splitway
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+      - uses: actions/download-artifact@v8
+        with:
+          pattern: pkg-*
+          path: art
+          merge-multiple: true
+      - name: Install repo tooling
+        run: |
+          sudo apt-get update
+          sudo apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends apt-utils createrepo-c gnupg rpm
+      - name: Import signing key
+        env:
+          GPG_PRIVATE_KEY: ${{ secrets.GPG_PRIVATE_KEY }}
+          GPG_PASSPHRASE: ${{ secrets.GPG_PASSPHRASE }}
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          # GPG_PRIVATE_KEY must be an RSA key: rpm --addsign only signs with RSA
+          # (see the throwaway-key note in test-signed-repo).
+          GNUPGHOME="$(mktemp -d)"; chmod 700 "$GNUPGHOME"; export GNUPGHOME
+          echo "allow-loopback-pinentry" > "$GNUPGHOME/gpg-agent.conf"
+          printf '%s' "$GPG_PRIVATE_KEY" | gpg --batch --import
+          FPR="$(gpg --list-secret-keys --with-colons | awk -F: '/^fpr:/{print $10; exit}')"
+          PPF="$GNUPGHOME/passphrase"; printf '%s' "$GPG_PASSPHRASE" > "$PPF"; chmod 600 "$PPF"
+          gpg --batch --yes --armor --export "$FPR" > /tmp/splitway.gpg
+          # Hand these to the later steps (GNUPGHOME holds the imported secret key).
+          {
+            echo "GNUPGHOME=$GNUPGHOME"
+            echo "GPG_FPR=$FPR"
+            echo "SPLITWAY_GPG_PASSFILE=$PPF"
+          } >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+      - name: Prepare gh-pages (clone, or bootstrap an orphan branch)
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          REMOTE="https://x-access-token:${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}@github.com/${{ github.repository }}.git"
+          if git ls-remote --exit-code --heads "$REMOTE" gh-pages >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+            git clone --branch gh-pages --depth 1 "$REMOTE" gh-pages
+          else
+            mkdir gh-pages
+            git -C gh-pages init -b gh-pages
+            git -C gh-pages remote add origin "$REMOTE"
+          fi
+      - name: Drop artifacts into the channel pool (merge, never wipe)
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          mkdir -p "gh-pages/deb/$CHANNEL/pool/main" "gh-pages/rpm/$CHANNEL"
+          cp art/*.deb "gh-pages/deb/$CHANNEL/pool/main/"
+          cp art/*.rpm "gh-pages/rpm/$CHANNEL/"
+      - name: Regenerate + sign ONLY this channel's metadata
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          bash packaging/ci/build-apt-repo.sh "gh-pages/deb/$CHANNEL" "$GPG_FPR"
+          bash packaging/ci/build-dnf-repo.sh "gh-pages/rpm/$CHANNEL" "$GPG_FPR"
+          cp /tmp/splitway.gpg gh-pages/splitway.gpg
+          bash packaging/ci/render-index.sh "$GPG_FPR" > gh-pages/index.html
+      - name: Commit + push gh-pages
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          cd gh-pages
+          git config user.name "github-actions[bot]"
+          git config user.email "github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com"
+          git add -A
+          if git diff --cached --quiet; then
+            echo "no changes to publish"; exit 0
+          fi
+          git commit -m "publish: $CHANNEL $PKGVER"
+          git push origin HEAD:gh-pages
+      - name: Attach tarballs to the GitHub Release (release channel only)
+        if: ${{ needs.meta.outputs.channel == 'release' }}
+        uses: softprops/action-gh-release@v2
+        with:
+          tag_name: v${{ needs.meta.outputs.version }}
+          name: v${{ needs.meta.outputs.version }}
+          files: art/*.tar.gz
+          fail_on_unmatched_files: true
+      - name: Post-deploy smoke (live repo, real key, verify ON)
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          # GitHub Pages publishes asynchronously; wait until the just-uploaded
+          # package is live before testing the install.
+          url="$BASE/deb/$CHANNEL/pool/main/splitway_${PKGVER}_amd64.deb"
+          for i in $(seq 1 60); do
+            if curl -fsI "$url" >/dev/null 2>&1; then echo "live after ${i}0s"; break; fi
+            sleep 10
+            [ "$i" = 60 ] && { echo "ERROR: package not live after 10m"; exit 1; }
+          done
+          docker run --rm debian:bookworm bash -euxc "
+            export DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
+            apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends ca-certificates curl gnupg
+            curl -fsSL $BASE/splitway.gpg -o /usr/share/keyrings/splitway.gpg
+            echo 'deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/splitway.gpg] $BASE/deb/$CHANNEL stable main' \
+              > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/splitway.list
+            apt-get update && apt-get install -y splitway
+            command -v splitway-daemon
+            echo LIVE_APT_OK
+          "
+          docker run --rm fedora:latest bash -euxc "
+            rpm --import $BASE/splitway.gpg
+            cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/splitway.repo <<EOF
+          [splitway]
+          name=Splitway
+          baseurl=$BASE/rpm/$CHANNEL
+          enabled=1
+          gpgcheck=1
+          repo_gpgcheck=1
+          gpgkey=$BASE/splitway.gpg
+          EOF
+            dnf -y install splitway
+            command -v splitway-daemon
+            echo LIVE_DNF_OK
+          "
diff --git a/packaging/ci/build-apt-repo.sh b/packaging/ci/build-apt-repo.sh
index 80b5498..8edb07d 100755
--- a/packaging/ci/build-apt-repo.sh
+++ b/packaging/ci/build-apt-repo.sh
@@ -21,6 +21,15 @@ SUITE="stable"
 COMP="main"
 ARCHES="amd64 arm64"
 
+# Sign with the given key, non-interactively. If SPLITWAY_GPG_PASSFILE points at
+# a passphrase file (the real key has a passphrase), feed it via loopback; the
+# ephemeral CI key has none, so the var is unset and no passphrase is needed.
+gpg_sign() {
+    local extra=()
+    [ -n "${SPLITWAY_GPG_PASSFILE:-}" ] && extra=(--passphrase-file "$SPLITWAY_GPG_PASSFILE")
+    gpg --batch --yes --pinentry-mode loopback "${extra[@]}" --default-key "$KEY" "$@"
+}
+
 [ -d "$ROOT/pool/main" ] || { echo "error: $ROOT/pool/main does not exist (no packages)" >&2; exit 1; }
 cd "$ROOT"
 
@@ -61,10 +70,8 @@ apt-ftparchive \
 
 if [ -n "$KEY" ]; then
     rm -f "dists/$SUITE/InRelease" "dists/$SUITE/Release.gpg"
-    gpg --batch --yes --pinentry-mode loopback --default-key "$KEY" \
-        --clearsign -o "dists/$SUITE/InRelease" "dists/$SUITE/Release"
-    gpg --batch --yes --pinentry-mode loopback --default-key "$KEY" \
-        -abs -o "dists/$SUITE/Release.gpg" "dists/$SUITE/Release"
+    gpg_sign --clearsign -o "dists/$SUITE/InRelease" "dists/$SUITE/Release"
+    gpg_sign -abs -o "dists/$SUITE/Release.gpg" "dists/$SUITE/Release"
     echo "apt repo signed with key $KEY -> $ROOT/dists/$SUITE/{InRelease,Release.gpg}"
 else
     echo "apt repo built (unsigned) -> $ROOT/dists/$SUITE/Release"
diff --git a/packaging/ci/build-dnf-repo.sh b/packaging/ci/build-dnf-repo.sh
index 2d8ab02..ee8ccae 100755
--- a/packaging/ci/build-dnf-repo.sh
+++ b/packaging/ci/build-dnf-repo.sh
@@ -18,15 +18,21 @@ KEY="${2:-}"
 
 [ -d "$ROOT" ] || { echo "error: $ROOT does not exist" >&2; exit 1; }
 
+# Optional passphrase file for the real (passphrase-protected) key; unset for
+# the ephemeral CI key.
+PASS_OPT=""
+[ -n "${SPLITWAY_GPG_PASSFILE:-}" ] && PASS_OPT="--passphrase-file ${SPLITWAY_GPG_PASSFILE}"
+
 if [ -n "$KEY" ]; then
-    # Header-sign every rpm in place (idempotent; re-signing is harmless). %_gpg_name
-    # selects the key; loopback pinentry feeds GPG_PASSPHRASE non-interactively.
+    # Header-sign every rpm in place (idempotent; re-signing is harmless).
+    # %_gpg_name selects the key; loopback pinentry + the passphrase file feed
+    # the passphrase non-interactively.
     shopt -s nullglob
     rpms=("$ROOT"/*.rpm)
     if [ ${#rpms[@]} -gt 0 ]; then
         rpm \
             --define "_gpg_name $KEY" \
-            --define "__gpg_sign_cmd %{__gpg} gpg --batch --no-armor --pinentry-mode loopback --no-secmem-warning -u %{_gpg_name} -sbo %{__signature_filename} %{__plaintext_filename}" \
+            --define "__gpg_sign_cmd %{__gpg} gpg --batch --no-armor ${PASS_OPT} --pinentry-mode loopback --no-secmem-warning -u %{_gpg_name} -sbo %{__signature_filename} %{__plaintext_filename}" \
             --addsign "${rpms[@]}"
     fi
 fi
@@ -36,7 +42,8 @@ createrepo_c --update "$ROOT"
 
 if [ -n "$KEY" ]; then
     rm -f "$ROOT/repodata/repomd.xml.asc"
-    gpg --batch --yes --pinentry-mode loopback --default-key "$KEY" \
+    # shellcheck disable=SC2086  # PASS_OPT is intentionally word-split (0 or 2 args)
+    gpg --batch --yes --pinentry-mode loopback $PASS_OPT --default-key "$KEY" \
         --detach-sign --armor "$ROOT/repodata/repomd.xml"
     echo "dnf repo signed with key $KEY -> $ROOT/repodata/{repomd.xml,repomd.xml.asc}"
 else
diff --git a/packaging/ci/render-index.sh b/packaging/ci/render-index.sh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2a6a2f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packaging/ci/render-index.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+# Render the GitHub Pages landing page (index.html) with copy-paste add-repo
+# snippets for every distro/channel. Emits HTML to stdout.
+#
+#   render-index.sh <gpg-fingerprint>
+#
+# The fingerprint and the public Pages URL are public project infrastructure
+# (not secrets). The page is regenerated on every deploy so it always reflects
+# the current signing key.
+set -euo pipefail
+
+FPR="${1:?usage: render-index.sh <gpg-fingerprint>}"
+BASE="https://stslex.github.io/splitway"
+
+cat <<HTML
+<!doctype html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta charset="utf-8">
+<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
+<title>Splitway — package repositories</title>
+<style>
+  body { font: 16px/1.5 system-ui, sans-serif; max-width: 52rem; margin: 2rem auto; padding: 0 1rem; color: #1a1a1a; }
+  h1 { font-size: 1.6rem; } h2 { margin-top: 2rem; } h3 { margin-top: 1.2rem; color: #444; }
+  code, pre { font-family: ui-monospace, monospace; }
+  pre { background: #f4f4f6; padding: 0.8rem 1rem; border-radius: 6px; overflow-x: auto; }
+  .key { font-size: 0.9rem; color: #555; word-break: break-all; }
+  a { color: #4a4ad0; }
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<h1>Splitway package repositories</h1>
+<p>Domain-based split-DNS for Linux desktops. Two packages, lockstep-versioned:
+<code>splitway</code> (daemon + CLI + service) and <code>splitway-gui</code> (desktop GUI).
+All packages are GPG-signed. The signing key is published at
+<a href="${BASE}/splitway.gpg">${BASE}/splitway.gpg</a>.</p>
+<p class="key">Key fingerprint: <code>${FPR}</code> — verify with
+<code>gpg --show-keys splitway.gpg</code>.</p>
+<p>Two channels: <strong>release</strong> (stable) and <strong>dev</strong>
+(every push to <code>dev</code>; <code>~dev</code> versions sort below release).</p>
+
+<h2>Debian / Ubuntu (apt)</h2>
+<h3>Release channel</h3>
+<pre>curl -fsSL ${BASE}/splitway.gpg | sudo tee /usr/share/keyrings/splitway.gpg > /dev/null
+echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/splitway.gpg] ${BASE}/deb/release stable main" \\
+  | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/splitway.list
+sudo apt-get update
+sudo apt-get install splitway        # add splitway-gui for the desktop app</pre>
+<h3>Dev channel</h3>
+<pre>echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/splitway.gpg] ${BASE}/deb/dev stable main" \\
+  | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/splitway-dev.list
+sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install splitway</pre>
+
+<h2>Fedora / RHEL (dnf)</h2>
+<h3>Release channel</h3>
+<pre>sudo tee /etc/yum.repos.d/splitway.repo <<'EOF'
+[splitway]
+name=Splitway
+baseurl=${BASE}/rpm/release
+enabled=1
+gpgcheck=1
+repo_gpgcheck=1
+gpgkey=${BASE}/splitway.gpg
+EOF
+sudo dnf install splitway            # add splitway-gui for the desktop app</pre>
+<h3>Dev channel</h3>
+<pre>sudo tee /etc/yum.repos.d/splitway-dev.repo <<'EOF'
+[splitway-dev]
+name=Splitway (dev)
+baseurl=${BASE}/rpm/dev
+enabled=1
+gpgcheck=1
+repo_gpgcheck=1
+gpgkey=${BASE}/splitway.gpg
+EOF
+sudo dnf install splitway</pre>
+
+<!-- ARCH_SECTION -->
+
+<h2>Other</h2>
+<p>NixOS: use the flake's <code>nixosModules.default</code> (see the
+<a href="https://github.com/stslex/splitway">repository</a>). The core package
+is musl-static, so it runs on any glibc/musl baseline; the GUI targets glibc
+2.31+ (RHEL 8 is intentionally uncovered for the GUI — the core still works).</p>
+</body>
+</html>
+HTML

From 6d209a7e2f769556f752d00c0a5e97860669961e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: stslex <ilya977.077@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 24 Jun 2026 23:45:20 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 07/51] feat(packaging): Arch PKGBUILDs + signed pacman repo
 (AUR push deferred)
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

Closes Arch via a self-hosted, GPG-signed pacman repo (reusing the apt/dnf key
+ Pages), since AUR registration is disabled. x86_64 for the hosted repo;
aarch64 users use the in-repo splitway-bin PKGBUILD.

PKGBUILDs in packaging/aur/ (also usable now via `makepkg -si`):
- splitway: source build of daemon + CLI from the release tag; makedepends
  cargo; ships both binaries + unit; splitway.install prints the enable hint
  (Arch policy: no auto-enable); optdepends networkmanager / systemd-resolvconf.
- splitway-bin: prebuilt from the release tarball (x86_64 + aarch64);
  provides/conflicts splitway.
- splitway-gui: source egui GUI; depends splitway + libglvnd/libxkbcommon/
  wayland/libx11/libxcursor/libxi/libxrandr; optdepends xdg-desktop-portal;
  splitway-gui.install mirrors the deb/rpm empty-group + drop-in invariant.

CI (packaging.yml):
- build-arch: archlinux container, non-root makepkg of the two source
  PKGBUILDs from THIS checkout (clean version — pacman has no ~dev channel
  because vercmp does not treat ~ as a pre-release marker), validates
  .SRCINFO + namcap (advisory). x86_64 .pkg.tar.zst artifacts.
- test-arch: pacman -U local install (asserts binaries + unit + empty group),
  then a throwaway-RSA-key signed repo — repo-add --sign, pacman-key
  --add/--lsign, SigLevel = Required DatabaseOptional, pacman -Sy with
  verification ON.
- publish-pages (release only): copies the .pkg.tar.zst into the persistent
  arch/release/x86_64 subtree, detach-signs each with the real key, repo-add
  (in a container) incrementally (old packages preserved), replaces Pages-
  hostile db/files symlinks with real signed copies, reuses splitway.gpg.
  Post-deploy: live `pacman -Sy splitway` with verification ON.
- render-index.sh: Arch section (signed repo primary, makepkg alternative,
  AUR pending).

DEFERRED (not here): the automated AUR ssh push — blocked on AUR registration
reopening. The in-repo PKGBUILDs are the bridge.

Validated locally: all PKGBUILD/.install bash-syntax-clean; actionlint clean;
index renders with $arch left literal for pacman.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_018GKGiqawfPb5fzMGHisrrF
---
 .github/workflows/packaging.yml               | 166 +++++++++++++++++-
 packaging/aur/splitway-bin/PKGBUILD           |  32 ++++
 packaging/aur/splitway-bin/splitway.install   |  26 +++
 packaging/aur/splitway-gui/PKGBUILD           |  51 ++++++
 .../aur/splitway-gui/splitway-gui.install     |  52 ++++++
 packaging/aur/splitway/PKGBUILD               |  42 +++++
 packaging/aur/splitway/splitway.install       |  26 +++
 packaging/ci/render-index.sh                  |  21 ++-
 8 files changed, 414 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 packaging/aur/splitway-bin/PKGBUILD
 create mode 100644 packaging/aur/splitway-bin/splitway.install
 create mode 100644 packaging/aur/splitway-gui/PKGBUILD
 create mode 100644 packaging/aur/splitway-gui/splitway-gui.install
 create mode 100644 packaging/aur/splitway/PKGBUILD
 create mode 100644 packaging/aur/splitway/splitway.install

diff --git a/.github/workflows/packaging.yml b/.github/workflows/packaging.yml
index c34c842..c875d32 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/packaging.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/packaging.yml
@@ -335,6 +335,120 @@ jobs:
               echo "ARM64 INSTALL OK"
             '
 
+  # --- Arch: makepkg the source PKGBUILDs (x86_64) -----------------------------
+  # pacman has no dev channel (vercmp does not treat ~ as a pre-release marker),
+  # so Arch always uses the CLEAN version. Builds from THIS checkout (the release
+  # tag may not exist yet on dev/PR) by pre-placing the source archive makepkg
+  # expects.
+  build-arch:
+    needs: meta
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    container: archlinux:latest
+    env:
+      VERSION: ${{ needs.meta.outputs.version }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Install build tooling
+        run: |
+          pacman -Syu --noconfirm --needed \
+            base-devel git rust namcap sudo \
+            libglvnd libxkbcommon wayland libx11 libxcursor libxi libxrandr
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+      - name: Set up a non-root build user (makepkg refuses root)
+        run: |
+          useradd -m builder
+          chown -R builder:builder .
+      - name: makepkg splitway + splitway-gui (local source, clean pkgver)
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          mkdir -p dist
+          for pkg in splitway splitway-gui; do
+            # The PKGBUILD's source filename is <pkgname>-<pkgver>.tar.gz with a
+            # top-level dir splitway-<pkgver>; pre-place it so makepkg builds the
+            # checkout instead of downloading the tag.
+            sudo -u builder git config --global --add safe.directory "$PWD"
+            sudo -u builder git archive --format=tar.gz --prefix="splitway-$VERSION/" \
+              -o "packaging/aur/$pkg/$pkg-$VERSION.tar.gz" HEAD
+            ( cd "packaging/aur/$pkg" \
+              && sudo -u builder makepkg -f --noconfirm --nodeps --skipinteg \
+              && sudo -u builder bash -c 'makepkg --printsrcinfo > .SRCINFO' )
+            cp "packaging/aur/$pkg"/*.pkg.tar.zst dist/
+            # Advisory lint (dlopen'd GL libs make namcap noisy; do not gate).
+            namcap "packaging/aur/$pkg/PKGBUILD" || true
+            namcap "packaging/aur/$pkg"/*.pkg.tar.zst || true
+          done
+          ls -la dist
+      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
+        with:
+          name: pkg-arch-x86_64
+          path: dist/*
+
+  # --- Arch: local install + ephemeral-key signed pacman repo (no secrets) -----
+  test-arch:
+    needs: build-arch
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    container: archlinux:latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+      - uses: actions/download-artifact@v8
+        with:
+          name: pkg-arch-x86_64
+          path: art
+      - name: Tooling
+        run: pacman -Syu --noconfirm --needed systemd python gnupg
+      - name: Local pacman -U install
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          # Pull the GUI's runtime libs from the official repos, then install the
+          # built packages directly.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed libglvnd libxkbcommon wayland libx11 libxcursor libxi libxrandr
+          pacman -U --noconfirm art/*.pkg.tar.zst
+          command -v splitway-daemon
+          command -v splitway
+          command -v splitway-gui
+          test -f /usr/lib/systemd/system/splitway.service
+          # GUI scriptlet created the empty opt-in group
+          getent group splitway
+          [ -z "$(getent group splitway | cut -d: -f4)" ] || { echo "group not empty"; exit 1; }
+          pacman -R --noconfirm splitway-gui splitway
+      - name: Ephemeral-key signed pacman repo (verification ON)
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          export GNUPGHOME; GNUPGHOME="$(mktemp -d)"; chmod 700 "$GNUPGHOME"
+          cat > "$GNUPGHOME/keygen" <<'EOF'
+          %no-protection
+          Key-Type: RSA
+          Key-Length: 3072
+          Key-Usage: sign
+          Name-Real: Splitway CI Throwaway
+          Name-Email: ci@example.com
+          Expire-Date: 0
+          %commit
+          EOF
+          gpg --batch --gen-key "$GNUPGHOME/keygen"
+          FPR=$(gpg --list-keys --with-colons ci@example.com | awk -F: '/^fpr:/{print $5; exit}')
+          gpg --export --armor "$FPR" > /tmp/key.gpg
+          # Build a signed local repo: detach-sign each package, then repo-add.
+          mkdir -p repo && cp art/*.pkg.tar.zst repo/
+          for p in repo/*.pkg.tar.zst; do
+            gpg --batch --yes --pinentry-mode loopback --default-key "$FPR" --detach-sign "$p"
+          done
+          ( cd repo && repo-add --sign --key "$FPR" splitway.db.tar.gz ./*.pkg.tar.zst )
+          ( cd repo && python -m http.server 8081 >/tmp/http.log 2>&1 & )
+          sleep 2
+          # Trust the throwaway key in pacman's keyring.
+          pacman-key --init
+          pacman-key --add /tmp/key.gpg
+          pacman-key --lsign-key "$FPR"
+          cat >> /etc/pacman.conf <<'EOF'
+
+          [splitway]
+          SigLevel = Required DatabaseOptional
+          Server = http://localhost:8081
+          EOF
+          pacman -Sy --noconfirm splitway
+          command -v splitway-daemon
+          echo "SIGNED PACMAN INSTALL OK"
+
   # --- publish the signed apt/dnf repos to GitHub Pages (push-only, SECRETS) --
   # Never runs on pull_request. Serialized via a single concurrency group so two
   # near-simultaneous deploys queue instead of clobbering gh-pages. Drops into
@@ -342,7 +456,7 @@ jobs:
   # gh-pages is persistent state, MERGED not wiped, so old versions + the other
   # channel survive.
   publish-pages:
-    needs: [meta, build-core, build-gui, test-install, test-signed-repo]
+    needs: [meta, build-core, build-gui, build-arch, test-install, test-signed-repo, test-arch]
     if: ${{ github.event_name != 'pull_request' }}
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     permissions:
@@ -409,6 +523,36 @@ jobs:
           bash packaging/ci/build-dnf-repo.sh "gh-pages/rpm/$CHANNEL" "$GPG_FPR"
           cp /tmp/splitway.gpg gh-pages/splitway.gpg
           bash packaging/ci/render-index.sh "$GPG_FPR" > gh-pages/index.html
+      - name: Publish the signed pacman repo (release channel only, x86_64)
+        if: ${{ needs.meta.outputs.channel == 'release' }}
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          ARCHDIR="gh-pages/arch/release/x86_64"
+          mkdir -p "$ARCHDIR"
+          cp art/*.pkg.tar.zst "$ARCHDIR"/                 # merge: old packages persist
+          # Detach-sign each package with the real key (pacman SigLevel=Required).
+          for p in "$ARCHDIR"/*.pkg.tar.zst; do
+            rm -f "$p.sig"
+            gpg --batch --yes --pinentry-mode loopback --passphrase-file "$SPLITWAY_GPG_PASSFILE" \
+              --default-key "$GPG_FPR" --detach-sign "$p"
+          done
+          # repo-add is an Arch tool; run it in a container over the mounted dir.
+          # Incremental: it updates entries in place and keeps old packages.
+          docker run --rm -v "$PWD/$ARCHDIR":/repo -w /repo archlinux:latest \
+            bash -c 'repo-add splitway.db.tar.gz ./*.pkg.tar.zst'
+          sudo chown -R "$(id -u):$(id -g)" "$ARCHDIR"
+          # GitHub Pages does not serve symlinks; replace repo-add's db/files
+          # symlinks with real copies, and sign the DB (DatabaseOptional).
+          for n in db files; do
+            if [ -L "$ARCHDIR/splitway.$n" ]; then
+              rm -f "$ARCHDIR/splitway.$n"
+              cp "$ARCHDIR/splitway.$n.tar.gz" "$ARCHDIR/splitway.$n"
+            fi
+          done
+          rm -f "$ARCHDIR/splitway.db.tar.gz.sig"
+          gpg --batch --yes --pinentry-mode loopback --passphrase-file "$SPLITWAY_GPG_PASSFILE" \
+            --default-key "$GPG_FPR" --detach-sign "$ARCHDIR/splitway.db.tar.gz"
+          cp "$ARCHDIR/splitway.db.tar.gz.sig" "$ARCHDIR/splitway.db.sig"
       - name: Commit + push gh-pages
         run: |
           set -euo pipefail
@@ -465,3 +609,23 @@ jobs:
             command -v splitway-daemon
             echo LIVE_DNF_OK
           "
+      - name: Post-deploy pacman smoke (release channel only)
+        if: ${{ needs.meta.outputs.channel == 'release' }}
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          for i in $(seq 1 60); do
+            if curl -fsI "$BASE/arch/release/x86_64/splitway.db" >/dev/null 2>&1; then break; fi
+            sleep 10
+            [ "$i" = 60 ] && { echo "ERROR: pacman repo not live after 10m"; exit 1; }
+          done
+          docker run --rm -e BASE="$BASE" -e FPR="$GPG_FPR" archlinux:latest bash -euxc '
+            pacman -Sy --noconfirm
+            curl -fsSL "$BASE/splitway.gpg" -o /tmp/key.gpg
+            pacman-key --init
+            pacman-key --add /tmp/key.gpg
+            pacman-key --lsign-key "$FPR"
+            printf "\n[splitway]\nSigLevel = Required DatabaseOptional\nServer = %s/arch/release/x86_64\n" "$BASE" >> /etc/pacman.conf
+            pacman -Sy --noconfirm splitway
+            command -v splitway-daemon
+            echo LIVE_PACMAN_OK
+          '
diff --git a/packaging/aur/splitway-bin/PKGBUILD b/packaging/aur/splitway-bin/PKGBUILD
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5ba4a7c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packaging/aur/splitway-bin/PKGBUILD
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+# Maintainer: stslex <ilya977.077@gmail.com>
+#
+# Prebuilt Splitway core (daemon + CLI + unit) from the GitHub Release tarball —
+# no Rust toolchain needed. Useful for aarch64 / ALARM (the hosted pacman repo
+# is x86_64-only). Build with `cd packaging/aur/splitway-bin && makepkg -si`.
+pkgname=splitway-bin
+pkgver=0.0.5
+pkgrel=1
+pkgdesc="Domain-based split-DNS daemon + CLI (prebuilt from the release tarball)"
+arch=('x86_64' 'aarch64')
+url="https://github.com/stslex/splitway"
+license=('MIT')
+provides=('splitway')
+conflicts=('splitway')
+install="$pkgname.install"
+source_x86_64=("https://github.com/stslex/splitway/releases/download/v$pkgver/splitway-$pkgver-linux-amd64.tar.gz")
+source_aarch64=("https://github.com/stslex/splitway/releases/download/v$pkgver/splitway-$pkgver-linux-arm64.tar.gz")
+sha256sums_x86_64=('SKIP')
+sha256sums_aarch64=('SKIP')
+
+package() {
+    case "$CARCH" in
+        x86_64)  local _dir="splitway-$pkgver-linux-amd64" ;;
+        aarch64) local _dir="splitway-$pkgver-linux-arm64" ;;
+    esac
+    cd "$_dir"
+    install -Dm755 splitway-daemon "$pkgdir/usr/bin/splitway-daemon"
+    install -Dm755 splitway "$pkgdir/usr/bin/splitway"
+    install -Dm644 splitway.service "$pkgdir/usr/lib/systemd/system/splitway.service"
+    install -Dm644 LICENSE "$pkgdir/usr/share/licenses/splitway/LICENSE"
+    install -Dm644 README.md "$pkgdir/usr/share/doc/splitway/README.md"
+}
diff --git a/packaging/aur/splitway-bin/splitway.install b/packaging/aur/splitway-bin/splitway.install
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..935f422
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packaging/aur/splitway-bin/splitway.install
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+# pacman install scriptlet for the splitway-bin package (same as splitway).
+#
+# Per Arch policy the daemon is NOT auto-enabled/started on install — we only
+# print the one-liner. The socket stays root-only (0600) unless the splitway-gui
+# package's opt-in plumbing is also installed.
+
+post_install() {
+    systemctl daemon-reload >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
+    cat <<'EOM'
+  splitway installed. Enable + start the daemon with:
+      sudo systemctl enable --now splitway.service
+EOM
+}
+
+post_upgrade() {
+    systemctl daemon-reload >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
+    systemctl try-restart splitway.service >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
+}
+
+pre_remove() {
+    systemctl disable --now splitway.service >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
+}
+
+post_remove() {
+    systemctl daemon-reload >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
+}
diff --git a/packaging/aur/splitway-gui/PKGBUILD b/packaging/aur/splitway-gui/PKGBUILD
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..87b43e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packaging/aur/splitway-gui/PKGBUILD
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+# Maintainer: stslex <ilya977.077@gmail.com>
+#
+# Source build of the Splitway desktop GUI (egui). Build with
+# `cd packaging/aur/splitway-gui && makepkg -si`. Installing it adds the opt-in
+# socket-group plumbing (see splitway-gui.install) so an in-group user can drive
+# the daemon without sudo; the group starts EMPTY, so the default posture is
+# unchanged until you run `usermod -aG splitway <user>`.
+pkgname=splitway-gui
+pkgver=0.0.5
+pkgrel=1
+pkgdesc="Splitway desktop GUI (egui front-end over the daemon socket)"
+arch=('x86_64' 'aarch64')
+url="https://github.com/stslex/splitway"
+license=('MIT')
+depends=('splitway' 'libglvnd' 'libxkbcommon' 'wayland' 'libx11' 'libxcursor' 'libxi' 'libxrandr')
+makedepends=('cargo')
+optdepends=('xdg-desktop-portal: file dialog (a portal backend is also needed)')
+install="$pkgname.install"
+# Builds from the same repo tarball as `splitway`; its top-level dir is
+# splitway-$pkgver regardless of this package's name.
+source=("$pkgname-$pkgver.tar.gz::https://github.com/stslex/splitway/archive/refs/tags/v$pkgver.tar.gz")
+sha256sums=('SKIP')
+
+prepare() {
+    cd "splitway-$pkgver"
+    export RUSTUP_TOOLCHAIN=stable
+    cargo fetch --locked --target "$(rustc -vV | sed -n 's/host: //p')"
+}
+
+build() {
+    cd "splitway-$pkgver"
+    export RUSTUP_TOOLCHAIN=stable
+    export CARGO_TARGET_DIR=target
+    cargo build --frozen --release -p splitway-gui
+}
+
+package() {
+    cd "splitway-$pkgver"
+    install -Dm755 target/release/splitway-gui "$pkgdir/usr/bin/splitway-gui"
+    install -Dm644 packaging/desktop/io.github.stslex.splitway.desktop \
+        "$pkgdir/usr/share/applications/io.github.stslex.splitway.desktop"
+    install -Dm644 packaging/gui/socket-group.conf \
+        "$pkgdir/usr/share/splitway/socket-group.conf"
+    install -Dm644 LICENSE "$pkgdir/usr/share/licenses/$pkgname/LICENSE"
+    # hicolor icons (8 PNG sizes + scalable SVG), named by the app_id.
+    local f rel
+    while IFS= read -r -d '' f; do
+        rel="${f#packaging/icons/}"
+        install -Dm644 "$f" "$pkgdir/usr/share/icons/$rel"
+    done < <(find packaging/icons/hicolor -type f -print0)
+}
diff --git a/packaging/aur/splitway-gui/splitway-gui.install b/packaging/aur/splitway-gui/splitway-gui.install
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d5c9eb8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packaging/aur/splitway-gui/splitway-gui.install
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+# pacman install scriptlet for splitway-gui — opt-in socket-group plumbing.
+#
+# EMPTY-GROUP INVARIANT: this creates an EMPTY `splitway` group and installs the
+# socket-group drop-in. With no members the drop-in is a no-op and the socket
+# posture is identical to the default 0600 root-only. This script NEVER adds a
+# user — the only grant is a human running `usermod -aG splitway <user>` and
+# re-logging in. Mirrors the deb/rpm maintainer scripts.
+
+_apply_dropin() {
+    getent group splitway >/dev/null 2>&1 || groupadd --system splitway
+    install -d -m 0755 /etc/systemd/system/splitway.service.d
+    install -m 0644 /usr/share/splitway/socket-group.conf \
+        /etc/systemd/system/splitway.service.d/socket-group.conf
+    systemctl daemon-reload >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
+    systemctl try-restart splitway.service >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
+    update-desktop-database -q /usr/share/applications 2>/dev/null || true
+    gtk-update-icon-cache -q -f -t /usr/share/icons/hicolor 2>/dev/null || true
+}
+
+post_install() {
+    _apply_dropin
+    cat <<'EOM'
+
+  splitway-gui installed. The daemon socket is still ROOT-ONLY. To drive it
+  without sudo, join the (empty) splitway group and re-login:
+
+      sudo usermod -aG splitway "$USER"
+
+  Until a user is added the group is empty and the posture is identical to
+  0600 root-only. Group membership == control of system split-DNS.
+EOM
+}
+
+post_upgrade() {
+    _apply_dropin
+}
+
+pre_remove() {
+    rm -f /etc/systemd/system/splitway.service.d/socket-group.conf
+    rmdir --ignore-fail-on-non-empty /etc/systemd/system/splitway.service.d 2>/dev/null || true
+    if getent group splitway >/dev/null 2>&1 && \
+       [ -z "$(getent group splitway | awk -F: '{print $4}')" ]; then
+        groupdel splitway >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
+    fi
+}
+
+post_remove() {
+    systemctl daemon-reload >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
+    systemctl try-restart splitway.service >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
+    update-desktop-database -q /usr/share/applications 2>/dev/null || true
+    gtk-update-icon-cache -q -f -t /usr/share/icons/hicolor 2>/dev/null || true
+}
diff --git a/packaging/aur/splitway/PKGBUILD b/packaging/aur/splitway/PKGBUILD
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..585f5bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packaging/aur/splitway/PKGBUILD
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+# Maintainer: stslex <ilya977.077@gmail.com>
+#
+# Source build of the Splitway core: daemon + CLI + systemd unit. Build it now
+# with `cd packaging/aur/splitway && makepkg -si`; this PKGBUILD is also what
+# the AUR `splitway` package will use once AUR registration reopens. The hosted
+# signed pacman repo (https://stslex.github.io/splitway/arch) ships a prebuilt
+# copy of this same package.
+pkgname=splitway
+pkgver=0.0.5
+pkgrel=1
+pkgdesc="Domain-based split-DNS daemon + CLI: route selected domains through the VPN's DNS, everything else direct"
+arch=('x86_64' 'aarch64')
+url="https://github.com/stslex/splitway"
+license=('MIT')
+makedepends=('cargo')
+optdepends=('networkmanager: VPN detection via D-Bus'
+            'systemd-resolvconf: split-DNS via systemd-resolved')
+install="$pkgname.install"
+source=("$pkgname-$pkgver.tar.gz::https://github.com/stslex/splitway/archive/refs/tags/v$pkgver.tar.gz")
+sha256sums=('SKIP')
+
+prepare() {
+    cd "$pkgname-$pkgver"
+    export RUSTUP_TOOLCHAIN=stable
+    cargo fetch --locked --target "$(rustc -vV | sed -n 's/host: //p')"
+}
+
+build() {
+    cd "$pkgname-$pkgver"
+    export RUSTUP_TOOLCHAIN=stable
+    export CARGO_TARGET_DIR=target
+    cargo build --frozen --release -p splitway-daemon -p splitway-cli
+}
+
+package() {
+    cd "$pkgname-$pkgver"
+    install -Dm755 target/release/splitway-daemon "$pkgdir/usr/bin/splitway-daemon"
+    install -Dm755 target/release/splitway "$pkgdir/usr/bin/splitway"
+    install -Dm644 packaging/systemd/splitway.service "$pkgdir/usr/lib/systemd/system/splitway.service"
+    install -Dm644 LICENSE "$pkgdir/usr/share/licenses/$pkgname/LICENSE"
+    install -Dm644 README.md "$pkgdir/usr/share/doc/$pkgname/README.md"
+}
diff --git a/packaging/aur/splitway/splitway.install b/packaging/aur/splitway/splitway.install
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..12aabd9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packaging/aur/splitway/splitway.install
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+# pacman install scriptlet for the splitway core package.
+#
+# Per Arch policy the daemon is NOT auto-enabled/started on install — we only
+# print the one-liner. The socket stays root-only (0600) unless the splitway-gui
+# package's opt-in plumbing is also installed.
+
+post_install() {
+    systemctl daemon-reload >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
+    cat <<'EOM'
+  splitway installed. Enable + start the daemon with:
+      sudo systemctl enable --now splitway.service
+EOM
+}
+
+post_upgrade() {
+    systemctl daemon-reload >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
+    systemctl try-restart splitway.service >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
+}
+
+pre_remove() {
+    systemctl disable --now splitway.service >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
+}
+
+post_remove() {
+    systemctl daemon-reload >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
+}
diff --git a/packaging/ci/render-index.sh b/packaging/ci/render-index.sh
index 2a6a2f6..2e4d3ec 100644
--- a/packaging/ci/render-index.sh
+++ b/packaging/ci/render-index.sh
@@ -75,7 +75,26 @@ gpgkey=${BASE}/splitway.gpg
 EOF
 sudo dnf install splitway</pre>
 
-<!-- ARCH_SECTION -->
+<h2>Arch Linux (pacman, x86_64)</h2>
+<h3>Signed repository (recommended)</h3>
+<pre>curl -fsSL ${BASE}/splitway.gpg -o /tmp/splitway.gpg
+sudo pacman-key --add /tmp/splitway.gpg
+sudo pacman-key --lsign-key ${FPR}
+sudo tee -a /etc/pacman.conf <<'EOF'
+
+[splitway]
+SigLevel = Required DatabaseOptional
+Server = ${BASE}/arch/release/\$arch
+EOF
+sudo pacman -Sy splitway        # add splitway-gui for the desktop app</pre>
+<p>The hosted pacman repo is <strong>x86_64 only</strong>. On aarch64, build the
+in-repo PKGBUILD below or use <code>splitway-bin</code> (prebuilt from the
+release tarball).</p>
+<h3>Build from the in-repo PKGBUILD</h3>
+<pre>git clone https://github.com/stslex/splitway
+cd splitway/packaging/aur/splitway && makepkg -si</pre>
+<p>AUR packages (<code>splitway</code>, <code>splitway-bin</code>,
+<code>splitway-gui</code>) are pending AUR account registration reopening.</p>
 
 <h2>Other</h2>
 <p>NixOS: use the flake's <code>nixosModules.default</code> (see the

From df9ef4ba9391c15fb836f4fc14113403f7417582 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: stslex <ilya977.077@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 24 Jun 2026 23:49:40 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 08/51] docs(packaging): apt/dnf/Arch install + packaging guide
 + Phase 6 done
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

Docs only — no code.

- README: Install sections for apt / dnf (both channels) and Arch (signed
  pacman repo primary, in-repo PKGBUILD makepkg alternative; AUR pending), with
  the key-verification note. NixOS section left as-is.
- packaging/README.md: a Distribution packages (deb / rpm / pacman) section —
  the two-package split, dev vs release channels + ~dev versioning, the glibc
  2.31 floor, the dlopen'd GL deps, the GUI socket-group drop-in + empty-group
  invariant, and the pacman specifics (x86_64-only, no ~dev channel, detached
  signing, repo-add incrementality).
- docs/design/linux-distro-packaging.md: the durable record — decisions 1-7,
  the channel/version topology, dep lists, signing + merge mechanics across all
  three formats (incl. the RSA-not-EdDSA and cargo-deb-vs-generate-rpm
  path-resolution gotchas), the two-layer test design, the pacman-now/AUR-later
  Arch strategy, and the signing key.
- ROADMAP.md: Phase 6 marked done (Linux), noting the two-package design
  supersedes the original one-package sketch; macOS Homebrew + the automated
  AUR push remain deferred.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_018GKGiqawfPb5fzMGHisrrF
---
 README.md                             |  72 ++++++++++
 ROADMAP.md                            |  51 +++----
 docs/design/linux-distro-packaging.md | 184 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 packaging/README.md                   |  48 +++++++
 4 files changed, 332 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 docs/design/linux-distro-packaging.md

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index ce800d2..73a45f0 100755
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -240,6 +240,78 @@ nix develop    # dev shell with cargo, rustc, rustfmt, clippy, rust-analyzer
 The flake also exposes `nixosModules.default` for installing Splitway as a
 systemd service on a NixOS host — see [Install (NixOS)](#install-nixos) below.
 
+## Install (Debian/Ubuntu, Fedora, Arch)
+
+Signed apt / dnf / pacman repositories on GitHub Pages, in two channels —
+**release** (stable) and **dev** (every push to `dev`). Two packages:
+`splitway` (daemon + CLI + service) and `splitway-gui` (the desktop app, which
+depends on `splitway`). See the
+[landing page](https://stslex.github.io/splitway/) for the full snippets and the
+signing-key fingerprint, and [packaging/](packaging/README.md) for the details.
+
+Verify the key fingerprint (`gpg --show-keys splitway.gpg`) against the
+maintainer's published value before trusting the repo.
+
+### Debian / Ubuntu (apt)
+
+```sh
+curl -fsSL https://stslex.github.io/splitway/splitway.gpg \
+  | sudo tee /usr/share/keyrings/splitway.gpg > /dev/null
+echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/splitway.gpg] https://stslex.github.io/splitway/deb/release stable main" \
+  | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/splitway.list
+sudo apt-get update
+sudo apt-get install splitway          # add splitway-gui for the desktop app
+```
+
+For the dev channel, point at `…/deb/dev` instead.
+
+### Fedora / RHEL (dnf)
+
+```sh
+sudo tee /etc/yum.repos.d/splitway.repo <<'EOF'
+[splitway]
+name=Splitway
+baseurl=https://stslex.github.io/splitway/rpm/release
+enabled=1
+gpgcheck=1
+repo_gpgcheck=1
+gpgkey=https://stslex.github.io/splitway/splitway.gpg
+EOF
+sudo dnf install splitway              # add splitway-gui for the desktop app
+```
+
+For the dev channel, use `…/rpm/dev`. The core package is musl-static (runs on
+any glibc baseline, including RHEL 8); the GUI targets glibc 2.31+, so RHEL 8 is
+uncovered for `splitway-gui` only.
+
+### Arch Linux (pacman, x86_64)
+
+Self-hosted signed pacman repo (AUR packages are pending AUR registration
+reopening):
+
+```sh
+curl -fsSL https://stslex.github.io/splitway/splitway.gpg -o /tmp/splitway.gpg
+sudo pacman-key --add /tmp/splitway.gpg
+sudo pacman-key --lsign-key <FINGERPRINT>      # from gpg --show-keys /tmp/splitway.gpg
+sudo tee -a /etc/pacman.conf <<'EOF'
+
+[splitway]
+SigLevel = Required DatabaseOptional
+Server = https://stslex.github.io/splitway/arch/release/$arch
+EOF
+sudo pacman -Sy splitway               # add splitway-gui for the desktop app
+```
+
+x86_64 only. On aarch64, or to build from source, use the in-repo PKGBUILDs:
+
+```sh
+cd packaging/aur/splitway && makepkg -si   # or splitway-bin (prebuilt), splitway-gui
+```
+
+The `splitway-gui` package adds an opt-in `splitway` group; it starts **empty**,
+so the daemon socket stays root-only until you run
+`sudo usermod -aG splitway "$USER"` and re-login.
+
 ## Install (NixOS)
 
 On NixOS the flake's `nixosModules.default` takes you from zero to a running
diff --git a/ROADMAP.md b/ROADMAP.md
index 7584c4c..095669d 100644
--- a/ROADMAP.md
+++ b/ROADMAP.md
@@ -65,6 +65,17 @@ landed, on the abstraction split that keeps each one a small isolated impl.
   - GUI: `vpn_name` picker over the live interface list (free-text fallback kept),
     a Resync button, immediate refresh after every change, and an opaque grouped
     visual pass.
+- **Phase 6 — Linux distribution packaging.** Signed apt / dnf / pacman repos on
+  GitHub Pages (release + dev channels), shipped as **two** lockstep-versioned
+  packages — `splitway` (daemon + CLI + unit, musl-static) and `splitway-gui`
+  (egui, glibc 2.31 floor) — plus in-repo Arch PKGBUILDs. This supersedes the
+  original "one package" sketch: the GUI's GL/glibc stack shouldn't burden a
+  headless or CLI-only install, and the security-critical core stays minimal and
+  statically linked; the `>=` GUI→core dep covers the version axis. The opt-in
+  socket-group lands as an empty-group + service drop-in in the GUI package
+  (no-op until a human joins the group). macOS Homebrew and the automated AUR
+  push are deferred. See
+  [docs/design/linux-distro-packaging.md](docs/design/linux-distro-packaging.md).
 
 ## Frontend: egui is interim, Tauri is the target
 
@@ -139,31 +150,25 @@ seam added in 5b.
   `read_link_state` reusing 5b's parsing approach — so the daemon can diff
   intended-vs-actual and surface drift: *reality* alongside Phase 5's *belief*.
 
-### Phase 6 — packaging (distribution to other users)
-
-The author's daily-driver path **already exists** via the Phase 0.5 flake +
-`nixosModule` — that is the iteration channel. So this phase is **distribution to
-other users, not the author's iteration unblock**: general-distro packaging gets
-Splitway onto non-Nix machines, which is its own work because **generic Linux
-binaries do not run on NixOS** (the dynamic linker is in the Nix store, not
-`/lib64`) and immutable-`/usr` hosts need writable install paths.
-
-- **One package** `splitway` containing daemon + cli + gui + the service unit, at
-  a single version. This sidesteps the GUI↔daemon version matrix entirely: there
-  are no separately-versioned packages to mismatch. `postinst` restarts
-  `splitway.service` on upgrade so the running daemon always matches the new
-  binaries; the existing version-peek (`VERSION_MISMATCH_PREFIX`) covers the brief
-  upgrade window. **On NixOS the module is the single-version equivalent.**
-- **Linux first:** tarball + apt / dnf / pacman repos on GitHub Pages, with **dev
-  and release channels** as separate Pages subtrees. Pattern reusable from
-  `stslex/claude-desktop-linux` — take the packaging/publishing half, drop the
-  repackage half, and source artifacts from `cargo build --release`. Watch the
-  Pages "full-site replace" trap that makes concurrent dev + stable deploys
-  clobber each other.
-- **Then macOS:** Homebrew tap / `.pkg` + launchd, with the Gatekeeper /
+### Phase 6 — packaging (Linux done; macOS Homebrew deferred)
+
+**Linux distro packaging shipped** — see the Done section above and
+[docs/design/linux-distro-packaging.md](docs/design/linux-distro-packaging.md).
+Generic Linux binaries don't run on NixOS (the dynamic linker is in the Nix
+store, not `/lib64`) and immutable-`/usr` hosts need writable install paths, so
+this was its own work alongside the flake. What landed: two lockstep-versioned
+packages (`splitway` musl-static + `splitway-gui` glibc), signed apt / dnf /
+pacman repos on GitHub Pages with **dev and release channels** as separate
+subtrees (merge-not-wipe deploys, sidestepping the "full-site replace" trap),
+and in-repo Arch PKGBUILDs.
+
+Remaining sub-track:
+
+- **macOS:** Homebrew tap / `.pkg` + launchd, with the Gatekeeper /
   notarization tail (unsigned vs Apple-Developer-signed) called out as a
   sub-decision.
-- The dev channel is for iteration now; the public `v0.1.0` tag waits for Tauri.
+
+The dev channel is for iteration now; the public `v0.1.0` tag waits for Tauri.
 
 ### Phase 7 — native Tauri GUI
 
diff --git a/docs/design/linux-distro-packaging.md b/docs/design/linux-distro-packaging.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..46afd16
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/design/linux-distro-packaging.md
@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+# Linux distribution packaging — apt / dnf / pacman on GitHub Pages
+
+Status: implemented (Linux). Lands with the deb/rpm packages
+(`splitway-daemon/Cargo.toml`, `splitway-gui/Cargo.toml`), the Arch PKGBUILDs
+(`packaging/aur/`), the signed GitHub Pages repos, and the Phase-6 packaging CI
+(`.github/workflows/packaging.yml` + `packaging/ci/`). The macOS Homebrew track
+is separate and deferred.
+
+This is the durable record for getting Splitway onto non-Nix Linux machines.
+The NixOS path (the flake's `nixosModules.default`) is unchanged and remains the
+author's iteration channel.
+
+## The decision
+
+1. **Two packages, lockstep-versioned — not one.** This supersedes the
+   ROADMAP's original "one package" sketch.
+   - `splitway` — `splitway-daemon` + the `splitway` CLI + the systemd unit.
+     Built **musl-static** (`*-unknown-linux-musl`), so it has near-zero
+     shared-library dependencies and runs on any glibc/musl baseline. It is the
+     security-critical root daemon; musl sidesteps the glibc-baseline trap on
+     old Debian/RHEL.
+   - `splitway-gui` — the egui binary. Built **glibc** against a low floor.
+     `Depends`/`Requires: splitway (>= <version>)`.
+   - Why split: the GUI drags in a GL/X11/wayland stack and a glibc baseline
+     that a headless / CLI-only install should not have to carry, and the
+     security-critical core stays minimal and statically linked. The cost — a
+     GUI↔daemon version axis — is handled by decision 3.
+2. **Version source of truth = `splitway-daemon/Cargo.toml` `version`** (same as
+   `release.yml`). Both packages and all tarballs are stamped with it at the
+   packaging layer (`cargo deb --deb-version`, `cargo generate-rpm
+   --set-metadata version=…`), so the dev suffix never has to live in a
+   `Cargo.toml` (it is not valid semver). Per-crate `version` fields drift and
+   are ignored for packaging.
+3. **GUI `Depends >=`, not `=`.** The real compatibility contract is the
+   (currently unversioned) GUI↔daemon IPC; `>=` survives Pages-mirror skew and
+   partial upgrades, and CI rewrites the floor to the exact built version for
+   the dev channel so a `~dev` core still satisfies it.
+4. **Arch = AUR shape, but a self-hosted signed pacman repo now.** AUR account
+   registration is disabled, so the automated AUR push is deferred; the in-repo
+   PKGBUILDs (`splitway`, `splitway-bin`, `splitway-gui`) are usable today via
+   `makepkg -si`, and the hosted pacman repo (x86_64) ships prebuilt copies.
+5. **Pages hosts apt + dnf + pacman, all GPG-signed**, with separate `dev` and
+   `release` channel subtrees.
+6. **Pages deploys MERGE, never wipe.** `gh-pages` is persistent state;
+   metadata is regenerated incrementally per channel, so old versions and the
+   other channel always survive (the "full-site replace" trap).
+7. **Socket-group is opt-in only.** The GUI package creates an **empty**
+   `splitway` group and installs a service drop-in enabling `--socket-group`.
+   Empty group ⇒ posture identical to `0600 root` (a no-op). The only grant is
+   a human running `usermod -aG splitway $USER` + re-login. Maintainer scripts
+   **never** add a user. Mirrors `nix/tests/socket-group.nix`.
+
+## Channel & version topology
+
+| Trigger            | Channel | Version              | Publishes to |
+|--------------------|---------|----------------------|--------------|
+| push → `master`    | release | `<X.Y.Z>`            | `deb/release`, `rpm/release`, `arch/release/x86_64`, GitHub Release (tarballs) |
+| push → `dev`       | dev     | `<X.Y.Z>~dev.<utc>.<sha>` | `deb/dev`, `rpm/dev` |
+| pull_request       | —       | `<X.Y.Z>~dev.<utc>.<sha>` | nothing (build + test only) |
+
+`~dev` sorts **below** the clean release in dpkg and rpm (≥4.10), so a tester
+with both repos enabled upgrades dev → release cleanly.
+
+**pacman has no dev channel.** `vercmp` does not treat `~` as a pre-release
+marker the way dpkg/rpm do, so a dev pacman channel (if ever added) must use the
+Arch VCS convention `pkgver=<lasttag>.r<N>.g<shortsha>`, not `~dev`. The hosted
+pacman repo is therefore **release-only and x86_64-only** (mainline Arch is
+x86_64; aarch64/ALARM users use the `splitway-bin` PKGBUILD).
+
+## Dependencies
+
+The core package is musl-static ⇒ **no** shared-lib deps; `network-manager` /
+`systemd-resolved` are `Recommends` (runtime prerequisites for actually applying
+rules) not `Depends`, so it still installs for inspection or on other-resolver
+hosts.
+
+The GUI's eframe/glow stack is the subtle part: **winit/glow `dlopen` the
+windowing libraries at runtime**, so they are absent from the binary's ELF
+`DT_NEEDED`. Neither cargo-deb's `$auto` (dpkg-shlibdeps) nor
+cargo-generate-rpm's ELF-based `auto-req` can see them — they **must be
+hardcoded**:
+
+- Debian: `libgl1, libx11-6, libxcursor1, libxi6, libxrandr2,
+  libwayland-client0, libxkbcommon0`, plus `libc6 (>= 2.31)` to pin the floor.
+- Fedora: `mesa-libGL, libX11, libXcursor, libXi, libXrandr, libwayland-client,
+  libxkbcommon` (auto-req still derives the glibc/libgcc floor from the
+  linked-against sonames).
+- Arch: `libglvnd libxkbcommon wayland libx11 libxcursor libxi libxrandr`.
+
+`xdg-desktop-portal` + a backend (`-gtk`/`-wlr`/`-kde`) is `Recommends`: rfd's
+file dialog uses the portal here (no GTK linked) and **silently no-ops** without
+a running portal.
+
+**glibc floor: 2.31** (`debian:bullseye` / `ubuntu:20.04`). The GUI is built
+inside a bullseye container so the declared floor is true. RHEL 8 (glibc 2.28)
+is intentionally uncovered **for the GUI**; the musl-static core still runs
+there.
+
+## Signing & merge mechanics
+
+One RSA GPG key signs all three formats. **RSA, not EdDSA:** `rpm --addsign`
+only produces a verifiable header signature with an RSA key (an EdDSA key
+silently yields no `RPMTAG_RSAHEADER`).
+
+- **apt** (`packaging/ci/build-apt-repo.sh`): `apt-ftparchive` builds per-arch
+  `Packages` (a combined index split by `Architecture`) and the suite
+  `Release`; gpg writes `InRelease` (clearsigned) + `Release.gpg`. Clients use
+  `[signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/splitway.gpg]`.
+- **dnf** (`packaging/ci/build-dnf-repo.sh`): `rpm --addsign` header-signs every
+  rpm, `createrepo_c` regenerates `repodata/`, gpg writes
+  `repomd.xml.asc`. Clients use `gpgcheck=1` + `repo_gpgcheck=1`.
+- **pacman**: each `.pkg.tar.zst` gets a detached `.sig`; `repo-add` rebuilds
+  `splitway.db.tar.gz` incrementally (old packages preserved). `repo-add` runs
+  in an `archlinux` container (it is an Arch tool); all gpg signing happens on
+  the host. GitHub Pages does not serve symlinks, so `repo-add`'s `*.db`/`*.files`
+  symlinks are replaced with real copies. Clients use
+  `SigLevel = Required DatabaseOptional`.
+
+All three regenerate **only the current channel's** metadata against whatever is
+already in `gh-pages`, then commit — merge, never wipe. The publish job is
+serialized by a single `pages-deploy` concurrency group
+(`cancel-in-progress: false`) so two deploys queue instead of clobbering.
+
+The passphrase-protected real key is fed via loopback + a 0600 passphrase file
+(`SPLITWAY_GPG_PASSFILE`), never on a command line.
+
+### cargo-deb vs cargo-generate-rpm asset paths
+
+Verified against cargo-deb 3.7.0 / cargo-generate-rpm 0.21.0, the two tools
+resolve non-`target/` asset paths against **different** bases — an intentional
+skew in the two metadata blocks:
+
+- **cargo-deb**: relative to the crate's manifest dir ⇒ workspace-root files
+  (`LICENSE`, `README.md`, `packaging/…`) need `../`.
+- **cargo-generate-rpm**: relative to the invocation dir (workspace root) ⇒ bare
+  paths.
+
+cargo-deb's systemd-units integration only **generates** the enable/start/stop
+maintainer scripts when a `maintainer-scripts` directory is also set (even an
+empty one — `packaging/deb-maintainer-scripts/`); without it the unit is
+installed but never enabled.
+
+## Two-layer test design (gates every PR, no secrets)
+
+1. **Local-artifact install**: install the built `.deb`/`.rpm`/`.pkg.tar.zst`
+   directly in `debian:bookworm`, `ubuntu:22.04`, `fedora:latest`, `archlinux`;
+   assert binaries run, the unit validates (`systemd-analyze verify`), the GUI
+   pulls `splitway` + GL deps, the empty `splitway` group exists, the `.desktop`
+   validates.
+2. **Ephemeral-key signed-repo round trip**: generate a throwaway RSA key, build
+   + sign local apt/dnf/pacman repos from the artifacts (the *same* scripts the
+   real publish uses), serve over localhost, install with signature
+   verification ON. Proves metadata + signing + verify end-to-end with no
+   production secret.
+
+On every push the publish job additionally runs a **post-deploy smoke** against
+the just-published live channel with the real key + verification ON.
+
+arm64: the core is cross-built (musl); the GUI is built on a native arm64
+runner (bullseye container, no QEMU). arm64 install is smoke-tested under QEMU
+(best-effort).
+
+## Arch: pacman now, AUR deferred
+
+`packaging/aur/` holds `splitway` (source), `splitway-bin` (prebuilt from the
+release tarball, x86_64 + aarch64), and `splitway-gui` (source), each with an
+`.install` mirroring the deb/rpm scriptlets (incl. the empty-group invariant).
+CI builds the source PKGBUILDs from the checkout (the release tag may not exist
+on a dev/PR run) and validates `.SRCINFO` + `namcap`.
+
+**Deferred:** the automated `ssh://aur@aur.archlinux.org/<pkg>.git` push, blocked
+on AUR registration reopening. Design preserved for then: per package
+`makepkg --printsrcinfo > .SRCINFO`, commit + push idempotently, release-only.
+
+## The signing key
+
+RSA. The workflow derives the armored public key from `GPG_PRIVATE_KEY` and
+publishes it to `gh-pages/splitway.gpg`
+(`https://stslex.github.io/splitway/splitway.gpg`). The maintainer holds
+`GPG_PRIVATE_KEY` + `GPG_PASSPHRASE` as repository secrets.
+
+Fingerprint: confirm with `gpg --show-keys splitway.gpg` against the published
+key. (Record the provisioned key's fingerprint here once the maintainer sets up
+the secret; it is public project infrastructure, not sensitive.)
diff --git a/packaging/README.md b/packaging/README.md
index 6b43fbc..27e51dc 100644
--- a/packaging/README.md
+++ b/packaging/README.md
@@ -77,6 +77,54 @@ unchanged (`0600`, root-only).
 `SIGTERM` (systemd stop / `kill`) makes the daemon revert active DNS rules
 before exiting, so a stop never leaves the system half-configured.
 
+## Distribution packages (deb / rpm / pacman)
+
+The manual `install` above is for hacking on a checkout. For real installs there
+are signed apt / dnf / pacman repos on GitHub Pages (see the README's install
+section). This subsection records the packaging specifics; the full design
+rationale is in
+[docs/design/linux-distro-packaging.md](../docs/design/linux-distro-packaging.md).
+
+**Two packages, lockstep-versioned at the daemon's `Cargo.toml` version:**
+
+- `splitway` — daemon + CLI + unit, built **musl-static**
+  (`*-unknown-linux-musl`), so it has no shared-lib deps and runs on any
+  glibc/musl baseline. `network-manager` / `systemd-resolved` are `Recommends`,
+  not `Depends`. cargo-deb's systemd integration generates the
+  enable/start/restart/stop maintainer scripts (it needs the empty
+  `packaging/deb-maintainer-scripts/` dir to do so); the rpm uses equivalent raw
+  `/bin/sh` scriptlets.
+- `splitway-gui` — the egui binary, **glibc**, built against a **2.31 floor**
+  (`debian:bullseye` / `ubuntu:20.04`), so `Depends: splitway (>=), libc6 (>=
+  2.31), libgl1 …`. winit/glow `dlopen` the GL/X11/wayland libs, so they are not
+  in the ELF and must be hardcoded (dep auto-detection misses them). RHEL 8 is
+  intentionally uncovered for the GUI; the musl core still works there.
+
+**GUI socket-group drop-in.** The `splitway-gui` package's maintainer scripts
+create an **empty** `splitway` group and copy
+`packaging/gui/socket-group.conf` into
+`/etc/systemd/system/splitway.service.d/`, switching the daemon to group-socket
+mode (`0660 root:splitway`, dir `0750`). **Empty-group invariant:** with no
+members the drop-in is a no-op — the posture is identical to the default `0600`
+root-only socket. The scripts **never add a user**; the only grant is a human
+running `usermod -aG splitway <user>` + re-login (same contract as the NixOS
+`unprivilegedGui` option and `nix/tests/socket-group.nix`). Removing the package
+deletes the drop-in and (if empty) the group, reverting to root-only.
+
+**Channels.** `release` (push → `master`, clean `<X.Y.Z>`) and `dev` (push →
+`dev`, `<X.Y.Z>~dev.<utc>.<sha>`) are separate Pages subtrees. `~dev` sorts
+below the release in dpkg and rpm, so dev → release upgrades cleanly. Deploys
+**merge** the channel into persistent `gh-pages` state — old versions and the
+other channel survive.
+
+**Arch.** The hosted pacman repo is **release-only and x86_64-only**. pacman's
+`vercmp` does not treat `~` as a pre-release marker, so there is no `~dev`
+pacman channel (a future one would use `pkgver=<tag>.r<N>.g<sha>`). Packages are
+detach-signed after build (`*.pkg.tar.zst.sig`) and `repo-add` rebuilds the DB
+**incrementally** (old packages preserved); clients verify with `SigLevel =
+Required DatabaseOptional`. aarch64 users use the `splitway-bin` PKGBUILD in
+[aur/](aur/). The automated AUR push is deferred until AUR registration reopens.
+
 ## macOS (launchd)
 
 `launchd/com.splitway.daemon.plist` runs `splitway-daemon run` as a

From 8787386f6fefb2cb0753f37ce696096804d6df61 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: stslex <ilya977.077@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 25 Jun 2026 00:02:44 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 09/51] refactor(packaging): defensive hardening from
 self-review
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

No behavior change for the current (validated) inputs — robustness only,
flagged by an adversarial self-review of the diff:

- build-apt-repo.sh: `break` after the first Architecture line in the per-arch
  Packages filter (the canonical value; a valid stanza has exactly one).
- packaging.yml: `g` flag on the GUI core-dep-floor seds (defensive if more
  `splitway (>=` references are ever added).
- packaging.yml: comment that test-arm64-smoke is intentionally not a publish
  gate (best-effort under QEMU, continue-on-error).

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_018GKGiqawfPb5fzMGHisrrF
---
 .github/workflows/packaging.yml | 6 ++++--
 packaging/ci/build-apt-repo.sh  | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/packaging.yml b/.github/workflows/packaging.yml
index c875d32..04c0a79 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/packaging.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/packaging.yml
@@ -142,8 +142,8 @@ jobs:
           # GUI Depends splitway (>= <built version>): for dev the floor must be
           # the ~dev version so the same-run dev core satisfies it (a clean
           # release core, sorting higher, satisfies it too). No-op for release.
-          sed -i "s|splitway (>= [^)]*)|splitway (>= ${PKGVER})|" splitway-gui/Cargo.toml
-          sed -i "s|splitway = \">= [^\"]*\"|splitway = \">= ${PKGVER}\"|" splitway-gui/Cargo.toml
+          sed -i "s|splitway (>= [^)]*)|splitway (>= ${PKGVER})|g" splitway-gui/Cargo.toml
+          sed -i "s|splitway = \">= [^\"]*\"|splitway = \">= ${PKGVER}\"|g" splitway-gui/Cargo.toml
           grep -n "splitway (>=\|splitway = \">=" splitway-gui/Cargo.toml
       - name: Package deb + rpm + tarball
         run: |
@@ -456,6 +456,8 @@ jobs:
   # gh-pages is persistent state, MERGED not wiped, so old versions + the other
   # channel survive.
   publish-pages:
+    # test-arm64-smoke is intentionally NOT a gate: it is best-effort
+    # (continue-on-error under QEMU) and must not block a publish.
     needs: [meta, build-core, build-gui, build-arch, test-install, test-signed-repo, test-arch]
     if: ${{ github.event_name != 'pull_request' }}
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
diff --git a/packaging/ci/build-apt-repo.sh b/packaging/ci/build-apt-repo.sh
index 8edb07d..af96ebd 100755
--- a/packaging/ci/build-apt-repo.sh
+++ b/packaging/ci/build-apt-repo.sh
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ filter_arch() { # <arch>  (reads a Packages file on stdin)
             arch = ""
             n = split($0, lines, "\n")
             for (i = 1; i <= n; i++)
-                if (lines[i] ~ /^Architecture: /) { arch = lines[i]; sub(/^Architecture: /, "", arch) }
+                if (lines[i] ~ /^Architecture: /) { arch = lines[i]; sub(/^Architecture: /, "", arch); break }
             if (arch == want || arch == "all") print
         }'
 }

From dc100b27da73b58a8bdf1044db720f655273a749 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: stslex <ilya977.077@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 25 Jun 2026 09:19:15 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 10/51] =?UTF-8?q?fix(packaging):=20address=20PR=20#36=20re?=
 =?UTF-8?q?view=20=E2=80=94=20CI=20build-blockers=20+=20hardening?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

Resolves the Codex + self-review findings on the Phase 6 packaging PR.

Build-blocking CI fixes:
- static-linkage gate: assert no dynamic interpreter instead of requiring the
  literal "statically linked" (musl x86_64 is "static-pie linked") — unblocks
  build-core (amd64) and the whole deb/rpm pipeline
- test-arch: read the GPG fingerprint from fpr field 10, not 5 (5 is empty)
- AUR splitway-bin: rename splitway.install -> splitway-bin.install so
  install="$pkgname.install" resolves (makepkg no longer aborts)
- build-gui: CARGO_NET_RETRY + a retrying `cargo fetch --locked` before the
  offline build, hardening the transient arm64 crates.io failure

Supply-chain / correctness:
- apt: dearmor the published (armored) key into the binary keyring at every
  consumption site (works on every apt version; the published file stays armored
  for rpm --import / pacman-key)
- publish: fail-closed signature verification (apt InRelease+Release.gpg, dnf
  repomd + per-rpm RSA header, pacman db+pkg sigs) BEFORE the gh-pages push
- apt Release: Valid-Until (APT_VALID_DAYS, default 90d; LC_ALL=C) for
  freeze/replay protection
- dev-floor sed: anchor to the dependency lines (leave the comment), and assert
  the floor was actually stamped
- signed-repo tests (apt/dnf/pacman) now install splitway-gui too, exercising the
  GUI package under signature enforcement

Arch / consistency / docs:
- splitway-gui PKGBUILD: splitway>=$pkgver floor + hicolor-icon-theme,
  desktop-file-utils
- new check-pkgver-sync.sh (meta job): daemon version == every PKGBUILD pkgver
- render-index/README: dearmor --yes for apt, pacman-key --init, dev-channel
  keyring install
- splitway-bin SKIP digest documented + tracked for the deferred AUR-push phase

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 .github/workflows/packaging.yml               | 105 ++++++++++++++++--
 README.md                                     |   3 +-
 docs/design/linux-distro-packaging.md         |   5 +
 packaging/aur/splitway-bin/PKGBUILD           |   8 ++
 ...{splitway.install => splitway-bin.install} |   0
 packaging/aur/splitway-gui/PKGBUILD           |   9 +-
 packaging/ci/build-apt-repo.sh                |  13 +++
 packaging/ci/check-pkgver-sync.sh             |  27 +++++
 packaging/ci/render-index.sh                  |   6 +-
 9 files changed, 162 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)
 rename packaging/aur/splitway-bin/{splitway.install => splitway-bin.install} (100%)
 create mode 100755 packaging/ci/check-pkgver-sync.sh

diff --git a/.github/workflows/packaging.yml b/.github/workflows/packaging.yml
index 04c0a79..bdead4b 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/packaging.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/packaging.yml
@@ -29,6 +29,8 @@ jobs:
       channel: ${{ steps.v.outputs.channel }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+      - name: Check the AUR PKGBUILD pkgver matches the daemon version
+        run: bash packaging/ci/check-pkgver-sync.sh
       - id: v
         shell: bash
         run: |
@@ -66,7 +68,14 @@ jobs:
           for b in splitway-daemon splitway; do
             f="target/${{ matrix.target }}/release/$b"
             file "$f"
-            file "$f" | grep -q "statically linked" || { echo "ERROR: $b is not static"; exit 1; }
+            # Assert the real intent: no dynamic interpreter. A musl release build
+            # is reported by file(1) as either "statically linked" (non-PIE, e.g.
+            # the aarch64 leg) or "static-pie linked" (PIE, e.g. the x86_64 leg);
+            # both are static. Matching the *absence* of "dynamically linked"
+            # accepts both forms (and any future phrasing) without a false abort.
+            if file "$f" | grep -q "dynamically linked"; then
+              echo "ERROR: $b is dynamically linked, expected a static binary"; exit 1
+            fi
           done
       - name: Package deb + rpm + tarball
         run: |
@@ -132,7 +141,18 @@ jobs:
             curl --proto "=https" --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://sh.rustup.rs \
               | sh -s -- -y --profile minimal --default-toolchain stable
             . "$HOME/.cargo/env"
-            cargo build --release -p splitway-gui
+            # Network resilience: a cold container build has no crates cache, so a
+            # single crates.io blip (HTTP2 reset, etc.) would fail the whole arch
+            # leg. Make cargos own fetch retry harder, and wrap the (locked) fetch
+            # in an outer retry, before building fully offline (--frozen).
+            export CARGO_NET_RETRY=10 CARGO_HTTP_MULTIPLEXING=false
+            for i in 1 2 3 4 5; do
+              cargo fetch --locked && break
+              [ "$i" = 5 ] && { echo "ERROR: cargo fetch exhausted retries"; exit 1; }
+              echo "cargo fetch failed (attempt $i/5); retrying in ${i}0s" >&2
+              sleep "${i}0"
+            done
+            cargo build --release --frozen -p splitway-gui
           '
           sudo chown -R "$(id -u):$(id -g)" target
           file target/release/splitway-gui
@@ -142,9 +162,22 @@ jobs:
           # GUI Depends splitway (>= <built version>): for dev the floor must be
           # the ~dev version so the same-run dev core satisfies it (a clean
           # release core, sorting higher, satisfies it too). No-op for release.
-          sed -i "s|splitway (>= [^)]*)|splitway (>= ${PKGVER})|g" splitway-gui/Cargo.toml
-          sed -i "s|splitway = \">= [^\"]*\"|splitway = \">= ${PKGVER}\"|g" splitway-gui/Cargo.toml
+          #
+          # Anchor each substitution to the actual dependency line (^depends = /
+          # ^splitway = ) so the explanatory comment that also mentions the floor
+          # is left untouched, then ASSERT the floor was rewritten to $PKGVER — a
+          # silent no-op (e.g. the floor-string format drifting) must fail loudly.
+          sed -i "/^depends = /s|splitway (>= [^)]*)|splitway (>= ${PKGVER})|" splitway-gui/Cargo.toml
+          sed -i "/^splitway = /s|\">= [^\"]*\"|\">= ${PKGVER}\"|" splitway-gui/Cargo.toml
           grep -n "splitway (>=\|splitway = \">=" splitway-gui/Cargo.toml
+          # Anchor the asserts to the dependency lines too: the explanatory comment
+          # also contains "splitway (>= 0.0.5)", so an unanchored grep would pass on
+          # the prose for a release build (PKGVER=0.0.5) even if the sed silently
+          # missed the real line — defeating the fail-loud intent.
+          grep -q "^depends = .*splitway (>= ${PKGVER})" splitway-gui/Cargo.toml \
+            || { echo "ERROR: deb core-dep floor not stamped to ${PKGVER}"; exit 1; }
+          grep -q "^splitway = \">= ${PKGVER}\"" splitway-gui/Cargo.toml \
+            || { echo "ERROR: rpm core-dep floor not stamped to ${PKGVER}"; exit 1; }
       - name: Package deb + rpm + tarball
         run: |
           set -euo pipefail
@@ -283,12 +316,19 @@ jobs:
             bash -euxc '
               export DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
               apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends ca-certificates gnupg
-              install -m 0644 /k.gpg /usr/share/keyrings/splitway.gpg
+              # Dearmor into the binary keyring apt expects at a .gpg path. The
+              # published key is ASCII-armored (rpm --import / pacman-key need that
+              # form); dearmoring here makes the apt keyring correct on EVERY apt
+              # version, instead of relying on modern apt accepting armored keys.
+              gpg --dearmor < /k.gpg > /usr/share/keyrings/splitway.gpg
               echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/splitway.gpg] http://localhost:8080/deb stable main" \
                 > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/splitway.list
               apt-get update
-              apt-get install -y splitway
+              # Install BOTH packages so the GUI header signature + its core-dep
+              # floor are exercised under signature enforcement too (not just core).
+              apt-get install -y splitway splitway-gui
               command -v splitway-daemon
+              command -v splitway-gui
               echo "SIGNED APT INSTALL OK"
             '
       - name: dnf install over the signed repo (verification ON)
@@ -306,8 +346,11 @@ jobs:
           repo_gpgcheck=1
           gpgkey=file:///k.gpg
           EOF
-              dnf -y install splitway
+              # Install BOTH so the GUI rpm header signature + Requires are
+              # verified under gpgcheck/repo_gpgcheck too (not just the core rpm).
+              dnf -y install splitway splitway-gui
               command -v splitway-daemon
+              command -v splitway-gui
               echo "SIGNED DNF INSTALL OK"
             '
 
@@ -425,7 +468,10 @@ jobs:
           %commit
           EOF
           gpg --batch --gen-key "$GNUPGHOME/keygen"
-          FPR=$(gpg --list-keys --with-colons ci@example.com | awk -F: '/^fpr:/{print $5; exit}')
+          # The fingerprint lives in field 10 of an fpr: record (fields 2-9 are
+          # empty there); field 5 is the long key id and would leave FPR empty,
+          # breaking lsign/repo-add. Matches the publish-pages job below.
+          FPR=$(gpg --list-keys --with-colons ci@example.com | awk -F: '/^fpr:/{print $10; exit}')
           gpg --export --armor "$FPR" > /tmp/key.gpg
           # Build a signed local repo: detach-sign each package, then repo-add.
           mkdir -p repo && cp art/*.pkg.tar.zst repo/
@@ -445,8 +491,12 @@ jobs:
           SigLevel = Required DatabaseOptional
           Server = http://localhost:8081
           EOF
-          pacman -Sy --noconfirm splitway
+          # Install BOTH so the GUI package's detached signature is verified
+          # under SigLevel=Required too (the GL/X11 runtime deps were pulled in
+          # by the local-install step above and persist in this job's container).
+          pacman -Sy --noconfirm splitway splitway-gui
           command -v splitway-daemon
+          command -v splitway-gui
           echo "SIGNED PACMAN INSTALL OK"
 
   # --- publish the signed apt/dnf repos to GitHub Pages (push-only, SECRETS) --
@@ -555,6 +605,41 @@ jobs:
           gpg --batch --yes --pinentry-mode loopback --passphrase-file "$SPLITWAY_GPG_PASSFILE" \
             --default-key "$GPG_FPR" --detach-sign "$ARCHDIR/splitway.db.tar.gz"
           cp "$ARCHDIR/splitway.db.tar.gz.sig" "$ARCHDIR/splitway.db.sig"
+      - name: Verify all signatures BEFORE publishing (fail closed)
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          # Hard gate before the gh-pages push: never publish metadata we cannot
+          # verify. Catches a misconfigured signing key (e.g. a non-RSA key, which
+          # clearsigns apt fine but yields NO rpm header signature) HERE, instead
+          # of after the broken channel is already live for users (the post-deploy
+          # smoke ran only after the push). Uses the imported key in $GNUPGHOME.
+          # apt: clearsigned InRelease + detached Release.gpg.
+          gpg --verify "gh-pages/deb/$CHANNEL/dists/stable/InRelease"
+          gpg --verify "gh-pages/deb/$CHANNEL/dists/stable/Release.gpg" \
+                       "gh-pages/deb/$CHANNEL/dists/stable/Release"
+          # dnf: detached repomd.xml.asc, and every rpm must carry an RSA header
+          # signature (proof rpm --addsign actually signed, not silently no-op'd).
+          # NOTE: %{RSAHEADER:pgpsig} is the rpm<=5 tag (ubuntu-latest ships rpm 4);
+          # rpm 6 renames it toward OPENPGP, so revisit this query if a future
+          # runner upgrade makes it return empty for a validly-signed package.
+          gpg --verify "gh-pages/rpm/$CHANNEL/repodata/repomd.xml.asc" \
+                       "gh-pages/rpm/$CHANNEL/repodata/repomd.xml"
+          for r in gh-pages/rpm/"$CHANNEL"/*.rpm; do
+            sig="$(rpm -qp --nosignature --qf '%{RSAHEADER:pgpsig}' "$r" 2>/dev/null || true)"
+            case "$sig" in
+              ""|"(none)") echo "ERROR: $r has no RSA header signature"; exit 1 ;;
+              *) echo "ok: $(basename "$r") signed ($sig)" ;;
+            esac
+          done
+          # pacman (release only): detached db + per-package signatures.
+          if [ "$CHANNEL" = release ]; then
+            ARCHDIR="gh-pages/arch/release/x86_64"
+            gpg --verify "$ARCHDIR/splitway.db.tar.gz.sig" "$ARCHDIR/splitway.db.tar.gz"
+            for p in "$ARCHDIR"/*.pkg.tar.zst; do
+              gpg --verify "$p.sig" "$p"
+            done
+          fi
+          echo "all signatures verified — safe to publish"
       - name: Commit + push gh-pages
         run: |
           set -euo pipefail
@@ -589,7 +674,7 @@ jobs:
           docker run --rm debian:bookworm bash -euxc "
             export DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
             apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends ca-certificates curl gnupg
-            curl -fsSL $BASE/splitway.gpg -o /usr/share/keyrings/splitway.gpg
+            curl -fsSL $BASE/splitway.gpg | gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/keyrings/splitway.gpg
             echo 'deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/splitway.gpg] $BASE/deb/$CHANNEL stable main' \
               > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/splitway.list
             apt-get update && apt-get install -y splitway
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 73a45f0..9b15495 100755
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ maintainer's published value before trusting the repo.
 
 ```sh
 curl -fsSL https://stslex.github.io/splitway/splitway.gpg \
-  | sudo tee /usr/share/keyrings/splitway.gpg > /dev/null
+  | sudo gpg --dearmor --yes -o /usr/share/keyrings/splitway.gpg
 echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/splitway.gpg] https://stslex.github.io/splitway/deb/release stable main" \
   | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/splitway.list
 sudo apt-get update
@@ -291,6 +291,7 @@ reopening):
 
 ```sh
 curl -fsSL https://stslex.github.io/splitway/splitway.gpg -o /tmp/splitway.gpg
+sudo pacman-key --init                         # no-op if already initialised
 sudo pacman-key --add /tmp/splitway.gpg
 sudo pacman-key --lsign-key <FINGERPRINT>      # from gpg --show-keys /tmp/splitway.gpg
 sudo tee -a /etc/pacman.conf <<'EOF'
diff --git a/docs/design/linux-distro-packaging.md b/docs/design/linux-distro-packaging.md
index 46afd16..53baf09 100644
--- a/docs/design/linux-distro-packaging.md
+++ b/docs/design/linux-distro-packaging.md
@@ -171,6 +171,11 @@ on a dev/PR run) and validates `.SRCINFO` + `namcap`.
 **Deferred:** the automated `ssh://aur@aur.archlinux.org/<pkg>.git` push, blocked
 on AUR registration reopening. Design preserved for then: per package
 `makepkg --printsrcinfo > .SRCINFO`, commit + push idempotently, release-only.
+That same automation must also **pin real `sha256sums`** for the `splitway-bin`
+prebuilt tarballs (currently `SKIP`): the digest is only knowable after the
+release is built, and the publish job already holds the artifacts, so it should
+stamp the per-tag hashes — `SKIP` on a prebuilt privileged daemon trusts the
+Releases CDN for integrity, which transport TLS alone does not guarantee.
 
 ## The signing key
 
diff --git a/packaging/aur/splitway-bin/PKGBUILD b/packaging/aur/splitway-bin/PKGBUILD
index 5ba4a7c..4b61e5c 100644
--- a/packaging/aur/splitway-bin/PKGBUILD
+++ b/packaging/aur/splitway-bin/PKGBUILD
@@ -15,6 +15,14 @@ conflicts=('splitway')
 install="$pkgname.install"
 source_x86_64=("https://github.com/stslex/splitway/releases/download/v$pkgver/splitway-$pkgver-linux-amd64.tar.gz")
 source_aarch64=("https://github.com/stslex/splitway/releases/download/v$pkgver/splitway-$pkgver-linux-arm64.tar.gz")
+# TRUST ASSUMPTION: these are PREBUILT binaries of a privileged daemon fetched
+# from the Releases CDN, so 'SKIP' (no integrity check) means a re-tagged or
+# tampered asset would install silently — weaker than the source PKGBUILDs where
+# SKIP only waives a VCS-tag tarball. The real fix is to pin per-release digests:
+# the publish-pages job already has the artifacts, so when the deferred AUR-push
+# automation lands it must stamp the real sha256sums for each tag here (the hash
+# is only knowable after the release is built). Until then this is x86_64/aarch64
+# convenience packaging that trusts the HTTPS Releases endpoint + the tag.
 sha256sums_x86_64=('SKIP')
 sha256sums_aarch64=('SKIP')
 
diff --git a/packaging/aur/splitway-bin/splitway.install b/packaging/aur/splitway-bin/splitway-bin.install
similarity index 100%
rename from packaging/aur/splitway-bin/splitway.install
rename to packaging/aur/splitway-bin/splitway-bin.install
diff --git a/packaging/aur/splitway-gui/PKGBUILD b/packaging/aur/splitway-gui/PKGBUILD
index 87b43e3..e8ce730 100644
--- a/packaging/aur/splitway-gui/PKGBUILD
+++ b/packaging/aur/splitway-gui/PKGBUILD
@@ -12,7 +12,14 @@ pkgdesc="Splitway desktop GUI (egui front-end over the daemon socket)"
 arch=('x86_64' 'aarch64')
 url="https://github.com/stslex/splitway"
 license=('MIT')
-depends=('splitway' 'libglvnd' 'libxkbcommon' 'wayland' 'libx11' 'libxcursor' 'libxi' 'libxrandr')
+# `splitway>=$pkgver` mirrors the deb/rpm `>=` IPC-compat floor (a new GUI must
+# not pair with an older core that predates an IPC change); the hosted repo ships
+# both in lockstep, but the floor encodes the contract. desktop-file-utils backs
+# the update-desktop-database hook in .install; hicolor-icon-theme provides the
+# base theme (whose own pacman hook refreshes the icon cache — the .install's
+# gtk-update-icon-cache call is best-effort and stays guarded, not a hard dep).
+depends=("splitway>=$pkgver" 'libglvnd' 'libxkbcommon' 'wayland' 'libx11' 'libxcursor' 'libxi' 'libxrandr'
+         'hicolor-icon-theme' 'desktop-file-utils')
 makedepends=('cargo')
 optdepends=('xdg-desktop-portal: file dialog (a portal backend is also needed)')
 install="$pkgname.install"
diff --git a/packaging/ci/build-apt-repo.sh b/packaging/ci/build-apt-repo.sh
index af96ebd..22a02c2 100755
--- a/packaging/ci/build-apt-repo.sh
+++ b/packaging/ci/build-apt-repo.sh
@@ -58,6 +58,18 @@ for a in $ARCHES; do
 done
 rm -f "$allpkgs"
 
+# Valid-Until bounds the lifetime of the signed suite metadata: without it the
+# Release is trusted forever, which permits freeze/replay (a MITM or a stale
+# mirror pinning clients to an old, vulnerable version indefinitely). The window
+# is APT_VALID_DAYS (default 90); EVERY publish regenerates + re-signs Release,
+# so it is refreshed on each push — the maintainer must publish (or widen the
+# window) within it. Needs GNU date (CI runners have it).
+VALID_DAYS="${APT_VALID_DAYS:-90}"
+# LC_ALL=C: apt only accepts the English RFC1123 day/month names; without it a
+# non-English runner/container locale would emit localized names and apt would
+# reject the Release as unparseable.
+VALID_UNTIL="$(LC_ALL=C date -u -d "+${VALID_DAYS} days" "+%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S UTC")"
+
 # Suite Release file (with checksums of the Packages indexes).
 apt-ftparchive \
     -o "APT::FTPArchive::Release::Origin=splitway" \
@@ -66,6 +78,7 @@ apt-ftparchive \
     -o "APT::FTPArchive::Release::Codename=$SUITE" \
     -o "APT::FTPArchive::Release::Components=$COMP" \
     -o "APT::FTPArchive::Release::Architectures=$ARCHES" \
+    -o "APT::FTPArchive::Release::Valid-Until=$VALID_UNTIL" \
     release "dists/$SUITE" > "dists/$SUITE/Release"
 
 if [ -n "$KEY" ]; then
diff --git a/packaging/ci/check-pkgver-sync.sh b/packaging/ci/check-pkgver-sync.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..4b8cff1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packaging/ci/check-pkgver-sync.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+# Guard the lockstep-version invariant. The single source of truth is the daemon
+# crate's version (splitway-daemon/Cargo.toml, read by compute-version.sh); the
+# deb/rpm packages are stamped from it in CI, but the AUR PKGBUILDs carry a
+# hand-kept `pkgver=` that is easy to forget on a version bump. Fail the build if
+# any PKGBUILD's pkgver has drifted from the daemon version, so the three can't
+# silently diverge.
+#
+#   check-pkgver-sync.sh
+set -euo pipefail
+
+ver="$(grep '^version' splitway-daemon/Cargo.toml | head -1 | sed 's/version = "\(.*\)"/\1/')"
+[ -n "$ver" ] || { echo "ERROR: could not read daemon version" >&2; exit 1; }
+
+rc=0
+for pb in packaging/aur/*/PKGBUILD; do
+    pv="$(grep '^pkgver=' "$pb" | head -1 | cut -d= -f2)"
+    if [ "$pv" != "$ver" ]; then
+        echo "ERROR: $pb has pkgver=$pv but daemon version=$ver (lockstep drift)" >&2
+        rc=1
+    fi
+done
+
+if [ "$rc" = 0 ]; then
+    echo "pkgver in sync ($ver) across all AUR PKGBUILDs"
+fi
+exit "$rc"
diff --git a/packaging/ci/render-index.sh b/packaging/ci/render-index.sh
index 2e4d3ec..931accf 100644
--- a/packaging/ci/render-index.sh
+++ b/packaging/ci/render-index.sh
@@ -41,13 +41,14 @@ All packages are GPG-signed. The signing key is published at
 
 <h2>Debian / Ubuntu (apt)</h2>
 <h3>Release channel</h3>
-<pre>curl -fsSL ${BASE}/splitway.gpg | sudo tee /usr/share/keyrings/splitway.gpg > /dev/null
+<pre>curl -fsSL ${BASE}/splitway.gpg | sudo gpg --dearmor --yes -o /usr/share/keyrings/splitway.gpg
 echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/splitway.gpg] ${BASE}/deb/release stable main" \\
   | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/splitway.list
 sudo apt-get update
 sudo apt-get install splitway        # add splitway-gui for the desktop app</pre>
 <h3>Dev channel</h3>
-<pre>echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/splitway.gpg] ${BASE}/deb/dev stable main" \\
+<pre>curl -fsSL ${BASE}/splitway.gpg | sudo gpg --dearmor --yes -o /usr/share/keyrings/splitway.gpg
+echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/splitway.gpg] ${BASE}/deb/dev stable main" \\
   | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/splitway-dev.list
 sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install splitway</pre>
 
@@ -78,6 +79,7 @@ sudo dnf install splitway</pre>
 <h2>Arch Linux (pacman, x86_64)</h2>
 <h3>Signed repository (recommended)</h3>
 <pre>curl -fsSL ${BASE}/splitway.gpg -o /tmp/splitway.gpg
+sudo pacman-key --init          # no-op if the keyring is already initialised
 sudo pacman-key --add /tmp/splitway.gpg
 sudo pacman-key --lsign-key ${FPR}
 sudo tee -a /etc/pacman.conf <<'EOF'

From 40bf5b06cf05f2161c8ac0e96e46c739fbcddaa9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: stslex <ilya977.077@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 25 Jun 2026 09:42:41 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 11/51] =?UTF-8?q?fix(packaging):=20address=20Codex=20re-re?=
 =?UTF-8?q?view=20=E2=80=94=20versioned=20provides=20+=20rpm=20tooling?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

Follow-up to the second Codex pass on PR #36.

- splitway-bin: `provides=("splitway=$pkgver")` (was unversioned). pacman only
  satisfies a versioned dependency from a versioned provision, so splitway-gui's
  new `splitway>=$pkgver` floor could not install against the prebuilt core.
- test-signed-repo: install `rpm` in the tooling step. build-dnf-repo.sh needs
  `rpm --addsign`; it passes today only because ubuntu-latest pre-installs rpm —
  make it explicit (matches the publish job) so the dnf signing path is robust.
- packaging/README.md: document the one-time config relocation for users who ran
  the daemon by hand as root before packaging (old XDG fallback
  /root/.config/splitway -> /var/lib/splitway). No maintainer-script migration:
  no published package used the old path, it is config-not-read (not data loss),
  and the deb core postinst is cargo-deb-generated (#DEBHELPER#) from an empty
  dir, so a hand-written migration would risk breaking systemd enablement that
  the docker install-test (no systemd) could not catch.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 .github/workflows/packaging.yml     | 5 ++++-
 packaging/README.md                 | 9 +++++++++
 packaging/aur/splitway-bin/PKGBUILD | 6 +++++-
 3 files changed, 18 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/packaging.yml b/.github/workflows/packaging.yml
index bdead4b..8b029dc 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/packaging.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/packaging.yml
@@ -271,7 +271,10 @@ jobs:
       - name: Install repo tooling
         run: |
           sudo apt-get update
-          sudo apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends apt-utils createrepo-c gnupg
+          # rpm is needed by build-dnf-repo.sh (rpm --addsign); ubuntu-latest
+          # currently pre-installs it, but install it explicitly so the dnf
+          # signing path does not depend on the runner image (matches publish).
+          sudo apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends apt-utils createrepo-c gnupg rpm
       - name: Generate a throwaway signing key
         run: |
           set -euo pipefail
diff --git a/packaging/README.md b/packaging/README.md
index 27e51dc..e607f2f 100644
--- a/packaging/README.md
+++ b/packaging/README.md
@@ -29,6 +29,15 @@ read-only `/etc` config. The daemon creates an empty config there on first run.
 See [docs/architecture.md](../docs/architecture.md) ("Config is the single
 source of truth").
 
+> **Migrating from a manual install.** If you previously ran `splitway-daemon`
+> by hand as root *without* `--config`, it stored its config at the XDG fallback
+> `/root/.config/splitway/config.json` (and logged a warning). The packaged unit
+> reads `/var/lib/splitway/config.json` instead, so move your file once after
+> installing the package:
+> `sudo install -D -m600 /root/.config/splitway/config.json /var/lib/splitway/config.json`.
+> This affects only hand-run pre-packaging setups — packaged installs start fresh
+> at the `/var/lib` path.
+
 ### Socket security model
 
 The daemon is privileged; the CLI is not. The Unix control socket is the
diff --git a/packaging/aur/splitway-bin/PKGBUILD b/packaging/aur/splitway-bin/PKGBUILD
index 4b61e5c..ddb56a5 100644
--- a/packaging/aur/splitway-bin/PKGBUILD
+++ b/packaging/aur/splitway-bin/PKGBUILD
@@ -10,7 +10,11 @@ pkgdesc="Domain-based split-DNS daemon + CLI (prebuilt from the release tarball)
 arch=('x86_64' 'aarch64')
 url="https://github.com/stslex/splitway"
 license=('MIT')
-provides=('splitway')
+# Versioned provision: splitway-gui depends on `splitway>=$pkgver`, and pacman
+# only satisfies a versioned dependency from a versioned provision — an
+# unversioned `provides=('splitway')` would NOT let splitway-gui install against
+# this prebuilt core. conflicts stays unversioned (mutually exclusive cores).
+provides=("splitway=$pkgver")
 conflicts=('splitway')
 install="$pkgname.install"
 source_x86_64=("https://github.com/stslex/splitway/releases/download/v$pkgver/splitway-$pkgver-linux-amd64.tar.gz")

From 7b7d19fd95cef5233ab3fed261c4799d63be2494 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: stslex <ilya977.077@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 25 Jun 2026 14:58:54 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 12/51] fix(packaging): sync AUR pkgver on the release
 auto-bump (Codex P2)

The `meta` gate (check-pkgver-sync.sh) requires every packaging/aur/*/PKGBUILD
`pkgver=` to equal the daemon version, but release.yml's bump-version job only
bumped splitway-daemon/Cargo.toml. So the first post-release auto-bump would
leave the three PKGBUILDs behind and fail every later packaging run in `meta`
until a human hand-edited all three.

- Add packaging/ci/sync-pkgver.sh: the write side of the lockstep invariant
  (symmetric with check-pkgver-sync.sh, same daemon-version read). It stamps the
  daemon version into each PKGBUILD `pkgver=` and resets `pkgrel=1` (Arch
  convention on a version change). The `$pkgver`-derived fields (source URLs,
  provides, depends floor) follow automatically.
- release.yml bump-version: run sync-pkgver.sh after the Cargo.toml bump and
  `git add` the PKGBUILDs into the same commit.

Verified locally: no-op when already in sync (no diff), correct bump on a
simulated 0.0.5 -> 0.0.6, and check-pkgver-sync.sh passes against the result.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 .github/workflows/release.yml |  8 +++++++-
 packaging/ci/sync-pkgver.sh   | 21 +++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 28 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
 create mode 100755 packaging/ci/sync-pkgver.sh

diff --git a/.github/workflows/release.yml b/.github/workflows/release.yml
index e27e5d5..6eb5972 100755
--- a/.github/workflows/release.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/release.yml
@@ -128,11 +128,17 @@ jobs:
           sed -i "s/^version = \"$VERSION\"/version = \"$NEW_VERSION\"/" splitway-daemon/Cargo.toml
           echo "Bumped $VERSION -> $NEW_VERSION"
 
+      - name: Sync AUR PKGBUILD pkgver to the bumped daemon version
+        shell: bash
+        # Keeps the AUR PKGBUILDs in lockstep with the daemon so packaging.yml's
+        # `meta` gate (check-pkgver-sync.sh) stays green after the auto-bump.
+        run: bash packaging/ci/sync-pkgver.sh
+
       - name: Commit and push version bump
         shell: bash
         run: |
           git config user.name "github-actions[bot]"
           git config user.email "github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com"
-          git add splitway-daemon/Cargo.toml
+          git add splitway-daemon/Cargo.toml packaging/aur/*/PKGBUILD
           git commit -m "chore: bump version after release"
           git push
diff --git a/packaging/ci/sync-pkgver.sh b/packaging/ci/sync-pkgver.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..093b99e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packaging/ci/sync-pkgver.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+# Write side of the lockstep-version invariant (the read side is
+# check-pkgver-sync.sh). The daemon crate's version is the single source of
+# truth; this stamps it into every AUR PKGBUILD's `pkgver=` and resets `pkgrel=1`
+# (Arch convention on a version change). Run it right after bumping
+# splitway-daemon/Cargo.toml so the gate in packaging.yml's `meta` job stays
+# green — without this, each post-release auto-bump would leave the PKGBUILDs
+# behind and fail every later packaging run until a human edited all three.
+#
+#   sync-pkgver.sh
+set -euo pipefail
+
+# Same read as check-pkgver-sync.sh — keep these two in step.
+ver="$(grep '^version' splitway-daemon/Cargo.toml | head -1 | sed 's/version = "\(.*\)"/\1/')"
+[ -n "$ver" ] || { echo "ERROR: could not read daemon version" >&2; exit 1; }
+
+for pb in packaging/aur/*/PKGBUILD; do
+    sed -i "s/^pkgver=.*/pkgver=$ver/" "$pb"
+    sed -i "s/^pkgrel=.*/pkgrel=1/" "$pb"
+    echo "synced $pb -> pkgver=$ver pkgrel=1"
+done

From 7b62973b41637c4bef91507faae3ed4341bb5494 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: stslex <ilya977.077@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 25 Jun 2026 18:02:14 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 13/51] fix(packaging): GUI EGL dep + Arch icon/desktop
 preinstall (Codex re-review)
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

Two findings from Codex's re-review of b326036:

- P2 (splitway-gui/Cargo.toml): the deb declared libgl1 but not libegl1,
  and the rpm required mesa-libGL but not mesa-libEGL. glow/glutin creates
  its GL context via EGL on Wayland (glutin_egl_sys is in Cargo.lock; GLX on
  X11), and libgl1 does NOT pull libegl1 — so a minimal Wayland-only install
  would succeed and then fail at GL-context creation. Add libegl1 (deb) and
  mesa-libEGL (rpm); both pull the libglvnd EGL loader, mirroring how
  libgl1/mesa-libGL pull GLX. Arch is unaffected (libglvnd already provides
  libGL + libEGL). Doc + comments updated.

- P1 (packaging.yml test-arch): the local `pacman -U` smoke preinstalled the
  GL/X11/wayland libs but not hicolor-icon-theme/desktop-file-utils, which
  the splitway-gui PKGBUILD declares as hard deps. `pacman -U` on local files
  only auto-resolves deps from a synced repo DB, so the smoke must not lean
  on that — preinstall the full declared set explicitly, matching the PKGBUILD.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 .github/workflows/packaging.yml | 11 ++++++++---
 packaging/README.md             |  6 ++++--
 splitway-gui/Cargo.toml         | 23 ++++++++++++++---------
 3 files changed, 26 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/packaging.yml b/.github/workflows/packaging.yml
index 8b029dc..eee40ca 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/packaging.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/packaging.yml
@@ -444,9 +444,14 @@ jobs:
       - name: Local pacman -U install
         run: |
           set -euo pipefail
-          # Pull the GUI's runtime libs from the official repos, then install the
-          # built packages directly.
-          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed libglvnd libxkbcommon wayland libx11 libxcursor libxi libxrandr
+          # Pull ALL of the GUI's declared runtime deps from the official repos,
+          # then install the built packages directly. `pacman -U` on local files
+          # only auto-resolves deps that exist in a synced repo DB, so the smoke
+          # must not lean on that — preinstall the full set the PKGBUILD declares
+          # (GL/X11/wayland libs + hicolor-icon-theme/desktop-file-utils for the
+          # .install icon-cache / desktop-database hooks), matching it exactly.
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed libglvnd libxkbcommon wayland libx11 libxcursor libxi libxrandr \
+            hicolor-icon-theme desktop-file-utils
           pacman -U --noconfirm art/*.pkg.tar.zst
           command -v splitway-daemon
           command -v splitway
diff --git a/packaging/README.md b/packaging/README.md
index e607f2f..81c426a 100644
--- a/packaging/README.md
+++ b/packaging/README.md
@@ -105,8 +105,10 @@ rationale is in
   `/bin/sh` scriptlets.
 - `splitway-gui` — the egui binary, **glibc**, built against a **2.31 floor**
   (`debian:bullseye` / `ubuntu:20.04`), so `Depends: splitway (>=), libc6 (>=
-  2.31), libgl1 …`. winit/glow `dlopen` the GL/X11/wayland libs, so they are not
-  in the ELF and must be hardcoded (dep auto-detection misses them). RHEL 8 is
+  2.31), libgl1, libegl1 …`. winit/glow `dlopen` the GL/X11/wayland libs, so
+  they are not in the ELF and must be hardcoded (dep auto-detection misses
+  them); `libegl1` is a separate dep from `libgl1` because glow/glutin uses EGL
+  on Wayland (GLX on X11). RHEL 8 is
   intentionally uncovered for the GUI; the musl core still works there.
 
 **GUI socket-group drop-in.** The `splitway-gui` package's maintainer scripts
diff --git a/splitway-gui/Cargo.toml b/splitway-gui/Cargo.toml
index 8495278..e0d4a7d 100644
--- a/splitway-gui/Cargo.toml
+++ b/splitway-gui/Cargo.toml
@@ -66,12 +66,15 @@ until you run `usermod -aG splitway <user>`. Requires the splitway package."""
 # Hardcoded eframe/glow runtime libs (Debian names) rather than cargo-deb's
 # `$auto`. Two reasons: (1) $auto (dpkg-shlibdeps) needs the TARGET-arch libs
 # present, which is fragile for the arm64 cross build; (2) winit/glow dlopen
-# the windowing libs (libGL, X11, wayland, xkbcommon) at runtime, so they are
-# NOT in the ELF's DT_NEEDED and $auto/shlibdeps would MISS them entirely
-# (verified: the rpm's ELF-based auto-req captured libc/libgcc but none of the
-# GL/X11/wayland libs). `libc6 (>= 2.31)` pins the documented glibc floor
-# (debian:bullseye / ubuntu:20.04). The `>=` core dep is the real IPC contract.
-depends = "splitway (>= 0.0.5), libc6 (>= 2.31), libgl1, libx11-6, libxcursor1, libxi6, libxrandr2, libwayland-client0, libxkbcommon0"
+# the windowing libs (libGL + libEGL, X11, wayland, xkbcommon) at runtime, so
+# they are NOT in the ELF's DT_NEEDED and $auto/shlibdeps would MISS them
+# entirely (verified: the rpm's ELF-based auto-req captured libc/libgcc but none
+# of the GL/X11/wayland libs). libegl1 is a SEPARATE dep from libgl1 because
+# glow/glutin creates its GL context via EGL on Wayland (GLX on X11), and
+# libgl1 does NOT pull libegl1 — without it a Wayland-only install succeeds and
+# then fails at GL-context creation. `libc6 (>= 2.31)` pins the documented glibc
+# floor (debian:bullseye / ubuntu:20.04). The `>=` core dep is the real IPC contract.
+depends = "splitway (>= 0.0.5), libc6 (>= 2.31), libgl1, libegl1, libx11-6, libxcursor1, libxi6, libxrandr2, libwayland-client0, libxkbcommon0"
 # rfd uses the XDG desktop portal for its file dialog here (no GTK linked); the
 # dialog silently no-ops without a running portal + backend, hence Recommends.
 recommends = "xdg-desktop-portal, xdg-desktop-portal-gtk | xdg-desktop-portal-wlr | xdg-desktop-portal-kde"
@@ -162,12 +165,14 @@ assets = [
 ]
 
 # Core package dep (the real compat contract) + the dlopen'd eframe/glow
-# runtime libs that auto-req cannot detect (Fedora package names; mesa-libGL
-# pulls a working GL via libglvnd). rfd's file dialog needs an XDG portal +
-# backend (Recommends below).
+# runtime libs that auto-req cannot detect (Fedora package names; mesa-libGL /
+# mesa-libEGL pull working GL/EGL via libglvnd — glow/glutin uses EGL on
+# Wayland, GLX on X11, and mesa-libGL alone does not pull the EGL loader). rfd's
+# file dialog needs an XDG portal + backend (Recommends below).
 [package.metadata.generate-rpm.requires]
 splitway = ">= 0.0.5"
 mesa-libGL = "*"
+mesa-libEGL = "*"
 libX11 = "*"
 libXcursor = "*"
 libXi = "*"

From 600eb94a86804b629cb2df1e5b8c21b29107dfbd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: stslex <ilya977.077@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 25 Jun 2026 20:48:59 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 14/51] fix(packaging): GUI xkbcommon-x11 dep + 4 self-review
 hardenings (review round 3)
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

Codex re-review (1) + self-review (4) of 6de36d7:

- P2 (Codex, splitway-gui): add the X11 xkb runtime lib. winit's default `x11`
  feature has xkbcommon-dl dlopen libxkbcommon-x11.so (confirmed in Cargo.lock),
  a SEPARATE package from libxkbcommon on Debian (libxkbcommon-x11-0), Fedora
  (libxkbcommon-x11) AND Arch (libxkbcommon-x11 — verified via the Arch package
  API: it provides libxkbcommon-x11.so and is NOT bundled in the base
  libxkbcommon). Without it an X11 session can fail to load the lib before the
  window opens. Added to the deb Depends, rpm Requires, the Arch GUI PKGBUILD
  depends, and both Arch CI preinstall lists.

- P2 (postinst): the groupadd under `set -e` was the only unguarded mutating
  step. Keep the abort (the drop-in is meaningless without the group) but make
  it deliberate + diagnosable with an explicit error message + exit.

- P2 latent (version reads): `grep '^version' … | head -1` SIGPIPEs grep under
  `set -o pipefail` if a second match ever appears. Replaced with a SIGPIPE-free
  `awk -F'"' '/^version/{print $2; exit}'` in compute-version.sh,
  check-pkgver-sync.sh (+ the pkgver read), sync-pkgver.sh and release.yml (x3).

- P2 (splitway-bin): surface the same networkmanager / systemd-resolvconf
  optdepends as the source splitway PKGBUILD (identical daemon, same prereqs).

- P2 (README niri): the interim egui GUI now sets `.with_app_id(...)` and the
  packaged splitway-gui ships the matching .desktop + icons, so the app-id
  window rule is no longer Tauri-only; clarified the packaged GUI is the egui build.

Also quoted "$GITHUB_OUTPUT" in the release.yml blocks touched above
(pre-existing SC2086). actionlint + shellcheck clean; awk reads verified to
yield 0.0.5 and check-pkgver-sync passes.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 .github/workflows/packaging.yml           |  4 ++--
 .github/workflows/release.yml             | 15 +++++++------
 README.md                                 | 10 ++++++---
 packaging/aur/splitway-bin/PKGBUILD       |  5 +++++
 packaging/aur/splitway-gui/PKGBUILD       |  4 +++-
 packaging/ci/check-pkgver-sync.sh         |  6 ++++--
 packaging/ci/compute-version.sh           |  5 ++++-
 packaging/ci/sync-pkgver.sh               |  5 +++--
 packaging/gui-maintainer-scripts/postinst | 10 +++++++--
 splitway-gui/Cargo.toml                   | 26 ++++++++++++++---------
 10 files changed, 61 insertions(+), 29 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/packaging.yml b/.github/workflows/packaging.yml
index eee40ca..2a0703a 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/packaging.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/packaging.yml
@@ -397,7 +397,7 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           pacman -Syu --noconfirm --needed \
             base-devel git rust namcap sudo \
-            libglvnd libxkbcommon wayland libx11 libxcursor libxi libxrandr
+            libglvnd libxkbcommon libxkbcommon-x11 wayland libx11 libxcursor libxi libxrandr
       - uses: actions/checkout@v5
       - name: Set up a non-root build user (makepkg refuses root)
         run: |
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ jobs:
           # must not lean on that — preinstall the full set the PKGBUILD declares
           # (GL/X11/wayland libs + hicolor-icon-theme/desktop-file-utils for the
           # .install icon-cache / desktop-database hooks), matching it exactly.
-          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed libglvnd libxkbcommon wayland libx11 libxcursor libxi libxrandr \
+          pacman -S --noconfirm --needed libglvnd libxkbcommon libxkbcommon-x11 wayland libx11 libxcursor libxi libxrandr \
             hicolor-icon-theme desktop-file-utils
           pacman -U --noconfirm art/*.pkg.tar.zst
           command -v splitway-daemon
diff --git a/.github/workflows/release.yml b/.github/workflows/release.yml
index 6eb5972..616e9e4 100755
--- a/.github/workflows/release.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/release.yml
@@ -42,8 +42,9 @@ jobs:
         id: meta
         shell: bash
         run: |
-          VERSION=$(grep '^version' splitway-daemon/Cargo.toml | head -1 | sed 's/version = "\(.*\)"/\1/')
-          echo "version=$VERSION" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+          # awk (not `grep | head -1`): SIGPIPE-free version read under pipefail.
+          VERSION=$(awk -F'"' '/^version/{print $2; exit}' splitway-daemon/Cargo.toml)
+          echo "version=$VERSION" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
 
       - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@stable
         with:
@@ -89,9 +90,10 @@ jobs:
         id: meta
         shell: bash
         run: |
-          VERSION=$(grep '^version' splitway-daemon/Cargo.toml | head -1 | sed 's/version = "\(.*\)"/\1/')
-          echo "version=$VERSION" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
-          echo "tag=v$VERSION" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+          # awk (not `grep | head -1`): SIGPIPE-free version read under pipefail.
+          VERSION=$(awk -F'"' '/^version/{print $2; exit}' splitway-daemon/Cargo.toml)
+          echo "version=$VERSION" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "tag=v$VERSION" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
 
       - uses: actions/download-artifact@v8
         with:
@@ -119,7 +121,8 @@ jobs:
       - name: Bump patch version in Cargo.toml files
         shell: bash
         run: |
-          VERSION=$(grep '^version' splitway-daemon/Cargo.toml | head -1 | sed 's/version = "\(.*\)"/\1/')
+          # awk (not `grep | head -1`): SIGPIPE-free version read under pipefail.
+          VERSION=$(awk -F'"' '/^version/{print $2; exit}' splitway-daemon/Cargo.toml)
           MAJOR=$(echo "$VERSION" | cut -d. -f1)
           MINOR=$(echo "$VERSION" | cut -d. -f2)
           PATCH=$(echo "$VERSION" | cut -d. -f3)
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 9b15495..2d50cac 100755
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -471,9 +471,13 @@ window-rule {
 }
 ```
 
-Install it first — see [GUI (native Tauri)](#gui-native-tauri). (The interim egui
-GUI launches by spawning `splitway-gui` instead; it does **not** carry the
-`io.github.stslex.splitway` app id, so the window rule above is Tauri-only.)
+Install it first — see [GUI (native Tauri)](#gui-native-tauri). Note that the
+GUI shipped by the apt/dnf/pacman `splitway-gui` package today is the **interim
+egui** build (the native Tauri app is not yet packaged); it launches by spawning
+`splitway-gui` and now carries the **same** `io.github.stslex.splitway` app id
+(set via the window `app_id`, matched by the installed `.desktop`
+`StartupWMClass` + hicolor icons), so the window rule above applies to it too —
+just point the `spawn` binding at `splitway-gui`.
 
 **Unprivileged access (opt-in).** By default the control socket is `0600` and
 root-owned, so a CLI or GUI launched as your normal desktop user gets "permission
diff --git a/packaging/aur/splitway-bin/PKGBUILD b/packaging/aur/splitway-bin/PKGBUILD
index ddb56a5..4267e4c 100644
--- a/packaging/aur/splitway-bin/PKGBUILD
+++ b/packaging/aur/splitway-bin/PKGBUILD
@@ -10,6 +10,11 @@ pkgdesc="Domain-based split-DNS daemon + CLI (prebuilt from the release tarball)
 arch=('x86_64' 'aarch64')
 url="https://github.com/stslex/splitway"
 license=('MIT')
+# Same runtime prerequisite hints as the source `splitway` PKGBUILD (and the
+# deb/rpm Recommends) — the prebuilt core ships the identical daemon, so surface
+# the same resolver / VPN-detection optdepends.
+optdepends=('networkmanager: VPN detection via D-Bus'
+            'systemd-resolvconf: split-DNS via systemd-resolved')
 # Versioned provision: splitway-gui depends on `splitway>=$pkgver`, and pacman
 # only satisfies a versioned dependency from a versioned provision — an
 # unversioned `provides=('splitway')` would NOT let splitway-gui install against
diff --git a/packaging/aur/splitway-gui/PKGBUILD b/packaging/aur/splitway-gui/PKGBUILD
index e8ce730..2177ca3 100644
--- a/packaging/aur/splitway-gui/PKGBUILD
+++ b/packaging/aur/splitway-gui/PKGBUILD
@@ -18,7 +18,9 @@ license=('MIT')
 # the update-desktop-database hook in .install; hicolor-icon-theme provides the
 # base theme (whose own pacman hook refreshes the icon cache — the .install's
 # gtk-update-icon-cache call is best-effort and stays guarded, not a hard dep).
-depends=("splitway>=$pkgver" 'libglvnd' 'libxkbcommon' 'wayland' 'libx11' 'libxcursor' 'libxi' 'libxrandr'
+# libxkbcommon-x11 is a SEPARATE Arch package from libxkbcommon (it provides
+# libxkbcommon-x11.so) — winit's default x11 feature dlopens it on X11 sessions.
+depends=("splitway>=$pkgver" 'libglvnd' 'libxkbcommon' 'libxkbcommon-x11' 'wayland' 'libx11' 'libxcursor' 'libxi' 'libxrandr'
          'hicolor-icon-theme' 'desktop-file-utils')
 makedepends=('cargo')
 optdepends=('xdg-desktop-portal: file dialog (a portal backend is also needed)')
diff --git a/packaging/ci/check-pkgver-sync.sh b/packaging/ci/check-pkgver-sync.sh
index 4b8cff1..4ef47ba 100755
--- a/packaging/ci/check-pkgver-sync.sh
+++ b/packaging/ci/check-pkgver-sync.sh
@@ -9,12 +9,14 @@
 #   check-pkgver-sync.sh
 set -euo pipefail
 
-ver="$(grep '^version' splitway-daemon/Cargo.toml | head -1 | sed 's/version = "\(.*\)"/\1/')"
+# awk (not `grep | head -1`): SIGPIPE-free under `set -o pipefail` if a second
+# `^version` line ever appears. Mirrors compute-version.sh / sync-pkgver.sh.
+ver="$(awk -F'"' '/^version/{print $2; exit}' splitway-daemon/Cargo.toml)"
 [ -n "$ver" ] || { echo "ERROR: could not read daemon version" >&2; exit 1; }
 
 rc=0
 for pb in packaging/aur/*/PKGBUILD; do
-    pv="$(grep '^pkgver=' "$pb" | head -1 | cut -d= -f2)"
+    pv="$(awk -F= '/^pkgver=/{print $2; exit}' "$pb")"
     if [ "$pv" != "$ver" ]; then
         echo "ERROR: $pb has pkgver=$pv but daemon version=$ver (lockstep drift)" >&2
         rc=1
diff --git a/packaging/ci/compute-version.sh b/packaging/ci/compute-version.sh
index d217771..911d9e9 100755
--- a/packaging/ci/compute-version.sh
+++ b/packaging/ci/compute-version.sh
@@ -18,7 +18,10 @@ set -euo pipefail
 event="${1:?usage: compute-version.sh <event_name> <ref>}"
 ref="${2:?usage: compute-version.sh <event_name> <ref>}"
 
-version="$(grep '^version' splitway-daemon/Cargo.toml | head -1 | sed 's/version = "\(.*\)"/\1/')"
+# awk (not `grep | head -1`): under `set -o pipefail` head closing the pipe
+# early would SIGPIPE grep and fail the read if a second `^version` line ever
+# appeared; awk exits cleanly on the first match.
+version="$(awk -F'"' '/^version/{print $2; exit}' splitway-daemon/Cargo.toml)"
 
 if [ "$event" = "push" ] && [ "$ref" = "refs/heads/master" ]; then
     pkgver="$version"
diff --git a/packaging/ci/sync-pkgver.sh b/packaging/ci/sync-pkgver.sh
index 093b99e..ca75476 100755
--- a/packaging/ci/sync-pkgver.sh
+++ b/packaging/ci/sync-pkgver.sh
@@ -10,8 +10,9 @@
 #   sync-pkgver.sh
 set -euo pipefail
 
-# Same read as check-pkgver-sync.sh — keep these two in step.
-ver="$(grep '^version' splitway-daemon/Cargo.toml | head -1 | sed 's/version = "\(.*\)"/\1/')"
+# Same read as check-pkgver-sync.sh — keep these two in step. awk (not
+# `grep | head -1`) is SIGPIPE-free under `set -o pipefail`.
+ver="$(awk -F'"' '/^version/{print $2; exit}' splitway-daemon/Cargo.toml)"
 [ -n "$ver" ] || { echo "ERROR: could not read daemon version" >&2; exit 1; }
 
 for pb in packaging/aur/*/PKGBUILD; do
diff --git a/packaging/gui-maintainer-scripts/postinst b/packaging/gui-maintainer-scripts/postinst
index 9366bb0..e1a6aca 100755
--- a/packaging/gui-maintainer-scripts/postinst
+++ b/packaging/gui-maintainer-scripts/postinst
@@ -13,8 +13,14 @@ DROPIN="$DROPIN_DIR/socket-group.conf"
 
 case "$1" in
   configure)
-    # 1. Ensure the (empty) system group exists.
-    getent group splitway >/dev/null 2>&1 || groupadd --system splitway
+    # 1. Ensure the (empty) system group exists. Unlike the best-effort steps
+    #    below, this one is allowed to abort the postinst (set -e) — without the
+    #    group the socket-group drop-in is meaningless — but make that failure
+    #    deliberate and diagnosable rather than a bare `set -e` exit.
+    getent group splitway >/dev/null 2>&1 || groupadd --system splitway || {
+      echo "splitway-gui: failed to create the 'splitway' system group" >&2
+      exit 1
+    }
 
     # 2. Install the drop-in that switches the daemon to group-socket mode.
     install -d -m 0755 "$DROPIN_DIR"
diff --git a/splitway-gui/Cargo.toml b/splitway-gui/Cargo.toml
index e0d4a7d..0eaf787 100644
--- a/splitway-gui/Cargo.toml
+++ b/splitway-gui/Cargo.toml
@@ -66,15 +66,18 @@ until you run `usermod -aG splitway <user>`. Requires the splitway package."""
 # Hardcoded eframe/glow runtime libs (Debian names) rather than cargo-deb's
 # `$auto`. Two reasons: (1) $auto (dpkg-shlibdeps) needs the TARGET-arch libs
 # present, which is fragile for the arm64 cross build; (2) winit/glow dlopen
-# the windowing libs (libGL + libEGL, X11, wayland, xkbcommon) at runtime, so
-# they are NOT in the ELF's DT_NEEDED and $auto/shlibdeps would MISS them
-# entirely (verified: the rpm's ELF-based auto-req captured libc/libgcc but none
-# of the GL/X11/wayland libs). libegl1 is a SEPARATE dep from libgl1 because
-# glow/glutin creates its GL context via EGL on Wayland (GLX on X11), and
+# the windowing libs (libGL + libEGL, X11, wayland, xkbcommon + xkbcommon-x11)
+# at runtime, so they are NOT in the ELF's DT_NEEDED and $auto/shlibdeps would
+# MISS them entirely (verified: the rpm's ELF-based auto-req captured libc/libgcc
+# but none of the GL/X11/wayland libs). libegl1 is a SEPARATE dep from libgl1
+# because glow/glutin creates its GL context via EGL on Wayland (GLX on X11), and
 # libgl1 does NOT pull libegl1 — without it a Wayland-only install succeeds and
-# then fails at GL-context creation. `libc6 (>= 2.31)` pins the documented glibc
-# floor (debian:bullseye / ubuntu:20.04). The `>=` core dep is the real IPC contract.
-depends = "splitway (>= 0.0.5), libc6 (>= 2.31), libgl1, libegl1, libx11-6, libxcursor1, libxi6, libxrandr2, libwayland-client0, libxkbcommon0"
+# then fails at GL-context creation. libxkbcommon-x11-0 is likewise SEPARATE from
+# libxkbcommon0: winit's default `x11` feature has xkbcommon-dl dlopen
+# libxkbcommon-x11.so, which an X11 session needs and libxkbcommon0 does not pull.
+# `libc6 (>= 2.31)` pins the documented glibc floor (debian:bullseye /
+# ubuntu:20.04). The `>=` core dep is the real IPC contract.
+depends = "splitway (>= 0.0.5), libc6 (>= 2.31), libgl1, libegl1, libx11-6, libxcursor1, libxi6, libxrandr2, libwayland-client0, libxkbcommon0, libxkbcommon-x11-0"
 # rfd uses the XDG desktop portal for its file dialog here (no GTK linked); the
 # dialog silently no-ops without a running portal + backend, hence Recommends.
 recommends = "xdg-desktop-portal, xdg-desktop-portal-gtk | xdg-desktop-portal-wlr | xdg-desktop-portal-kde"
@@ -167,8 +170,10 @@ assets = [
 # Core package dep (the real compat contract) + the dlopen'd eframe/glow
 # runtime libs that auto-req cannot detect (Fedora package names; mesa-libGL /
 # mesa-libEGL pull working GL/EGL via libglvnd — glow/glutin uses EGL on
-# Wayland, GLX on X11, and mesa-libGL alone does not pull the EGL loader). rfd's
-# file dialog needs an XDG portal + backend (Recommends below).
+# Wayland, GLX on X11, and mesa-libGL alone does not pull the EGL loader).
+# libxkbcommon-x11 is a separate Fedora package from libxkbcommon — winit's x11
+# feature dlopens libxkbcommon-x11.so. rfd's file dialog needs an XDG portal +
+# backend (Recommends below).
 [package.metadata.generate-rpm.requires]
 splitway = ">= 0.0.5"
 mesa-libGL = "*"
@@ -179,6 +184,7 @@ libXi = "*"
 libXrandr = "*"
 libwayland-client = "*"
 libxkbcommon = "*"
+libxkbcommon-x11 = "*"
 
 [package.metadata.generate-rpm.recommends]
 xdg-desktop-portal = "*"

From b465ceb5626f2ded89fd20f9cf30408375006552 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: stslex <ilya977.077@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 25 Jun 2026 22:09:46 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 15/51] fix(packaging): pin AUR pkgver to the released tag, not
 the bumped daemon (Codex P2)
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

The post-release auto-bump stamped the AUR PKGBUILDs with the *next*
(unreleased) daemon version, so `makepkg -si` from master pointed at a
`v$pkgver` tag / release assets that do not exist yet.

- release.yml: run sync-pkgver.sh BEFORE the daemon bump so the PKGBUILDs
  pin the just-released version; bump the daemon afterwards for the next cycle.
- check-pkgver-sync.sh: validate the pinned pkgver names a release tag that
  EXISTS (all three PKGBUILDs agreeing), with a no-tags bootstrap fallback —
  instead of requiring equality with the in-tree daemon version.
- packaging.yml: fetch-depth: 0 on the meta checkout so the gate sees tags.
- docs/design: record the invariant and why the gate checks existence, not
  "latest" (avoids spurious dev/PR and release-window failures).

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01EKokH93URrCizdQdVpNCNM
---
 .github/workflows/packaging.yml       |  6 ++-
 .github/workflows/release.yml         | 22 ++++++----
 docs/design/linux-distro-packaging.md | 14 ++++++
 packaging/ci/check-pkgver-sync.sh     | 61 +++++++++++++++++++--------
 packaging/ci/sync-pkgver.sh           | 19 +++++----
 5 files changed, 86 insertions(+), 36 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/packaging.yml b/.github/workflows/packaging.yml
index 2a0703a..4d43314 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/packaging.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/packaging.yml
@@ -29,7 +29,11 @@ jobs:
       channel: ${{ steps.v.outputs.channel }}
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v5
-      - name: Check the AUR PKGBUILD pkgver matches the daemon version
+        with:
+          # fetch-depth: 0 pulls tags too — check-pkgver-sync.sh resolves the
+          # release tag the AUR PKGBUILDs must pin (the repo is small).
+          fetch-depth: 0
+      - name: Check the AUR PKGBUILD pkgver names an existing release tag
         run: bash packaging/ci/check-pkgver-sync.sh
       - id: v
         shell: bash
diff --git a/.github/workflows/release.yml b/.github/workflows/release.yml
index 616e9e4..6de5ad3 100755
--- a/.github/workflows/release.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/release.yml
@@ -118,7 +118,17 @@ jobs:
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v5
 
-      - name: Bump patch version in Cargo.toml files
+      - name: Pin AUR PKGBUILD pkgver to the just-released version
+        shell: bash
+        # MUST run before the daemon bump below: while Cargo.toml still holds the
+        # version we just tagged, sync-pkgver.sh stamps it into every PKGBUILD so
+        # `makepkg -si` fetches the `v$pkgver` tag / assets that now exist. The
+        # bump then moves the daemon ahead for the next dev cycle, leaving the
+        # PKGBUILDs deliberately one release behind (check-pkgver-sync.sh
+        # validates the pinned tag exists, not that it equals the daemon).
+        run: bash packaging/ci/sync-pkgver.sh
+
+      - name: Bump patch version in Cargo.toml for the next dev cycle
         shell: bash
         run: |
           # awk (not `grep | head -1`): SIGPIPE-free version read under pipefail.
@@ -131,17 +141,11 @@ jobs:
           sed -i "s/^version = \"$VERSION\"/version = \"$NEW_VERSION\"/" splitway-daemon/Cargo.toml
           echo "Bumped $VERSION -> $NEW_VERSION"
 
-      - name: Sync AUR PKGBUILD pkgver to the bumped daemon version
-        shell: bash
-        # Keeps the AUR PKGBUILDs in lockstep with the daemon so packaging.yml's
-        # `meta` gate (check-pkgver-sync.sh) stays green after the auto-bump.
-        run: bash packaging/ci/sync-pkgver.sh
-
-      - name: Commit and push version bump
+      - name: Commit and push the AUR pin + version bump
         shell: bash
         run: |
           git config user.name "github-actions[bot]"
           git config user.email "github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com"
           git add splitway-daemon/Cargo.toml packaging/aur/*/PKGBUILD
-          git commit -m "chore: bump version after release"
+          git commit -m "chore: pin AUR pkgver to release, bump daemon for next cycle"
           git push
diff --git a/docs/design/linux-distro-packaging.md b/docs/design/linux-distro-packaging.md
index 53baf09..95faf50 100644
--- a/docs/design/linux-distro-packaging.md
+++ b/docs/design/linux-distro-packaging.md
@@ -168,6 +168,20 @@ release tarball, x86_64 + aarch64), and `splitway-gui` (source), each with an
 CI builds the source PKGBUILDs from the checkout (the release tag may not exist
 on a dev/PR run) and validates `.SRCINFO` + `namcap`.
 
+The committed `pkgver=` pins a **released tag**, not the in-tree daemon version.
+The two differ on purpose: release.yml's post-release auto-bump moves
+`splitway-daemon/Cargo.toml` to the next (unreleased) version, so at rest on
+`master` the daemon is one patch ahead of the newest `v*` tag. Each PKGBUILD's
+`source=` fetches `v$pkgver`, so the pin must name a tag that exists. The
+bump-version job runs `sync-pkgver.sh` **before** the daemon bump, stamping the
+version just tagged — so on `master` at rest the pin is the *latest* release.
+The gate `check-pkgver-sync.sh` (packaging.yml `meta`, with tags fetched)
+enforces only the weaker, sufficient condition that the pinned tag **exists**
+(not that it is the latest): that keeps `makepkg -si` working while avoiding
+spurious failures on dev/PR branches or in the release-push window, where the
+PKGBUILDs legitimately still point at the previous release until the bump commit
+lands.
+
 **Deferred:** the automated `ssh://aur@aur.archlinux.org/<pkg>.git` push, blocked
 on AUR registration reopening. Design preserved for then: per package
 `makepkg --printsrcinfo > .SRCINFO`, commit + push idempotently, release-only.
diff --git a/packaging/ci/check-pkgver-sync.sh b/packaging/ci/check-pkgver-sync.sh
index 4ef47ba..b98edb4 100755
--- a/packaging/ci/check-pkgver-sync.sh
+++ b/packaging/ci/check-pkgver-sync.sh
@@ -1,29 +1,54 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env bash
-# Guard the lockstep-version invariant. The single source of truth is the daemon
-# crate's version (splitway-daemon/Cargo.toml, read by compute-version.sh); the
-# deb/rpm packages are stamped from it in CI, but the AUR PKGBUILDs carry a
-# hand-kept `pkgver=` that is easy to forget on a version bump. Fail the build if
-# any PKGBUILD's pkgver has drifted from the daemon version, so the three can't
-# silently diverge.
+# Guard the AUR-pkgver invariant: the version pinned in every committed PKGBUILD
+# must name a release that ACTUALLY EXISTS, because each `source=` fetches the
+# `v$pkgver` git tag / release assets. release.yml's post-release auto-bump
+# pushes splitway-daemon/Cargo.toml to the NEXT (unreleased) version, so the
+# daemon version is deliberately one ahead of the latest release at rest on
+# master — the PKGBUILDs must therefore pin a real *released tag*, never the
+# in-tree daemon version (the write side, sync-pkgver.sh, stamps the version
+# being released). Fail the build on drift so `makepkg -si` from a checkout can
+# never point at a tag / assets that do not exist.
+#
+# Needs the tags fetched (packaging.yml's meta job uses fetch-depth: 0).
 #
 #   check-pkgver-sync.sh
 set -euo pipefail
 
-# awk (not `grep | head -1`): SIGPIPE-free under `set -o pipefail` if a second
-# `^version` line ever appears. Mirrors compute-version.sh / sync-pkgver.sh.
-ver="$(awk -F'"' '/^version/{print $2; exit}' splitway-daemon/Cargo.toml)"
-[ -n "$ver" ] || { echo "ERROR: could not read daemon version" >&2; exit 1; }
-
-rc=0
+# All three PKGBUILDs describe one project at one version, so they must agree.
+# awk (not `grep | head -1`) is SIGPIPE-free under `set -o pipefail`.
+pkgver=""
 for pb in packaging/aur/*/PKGBUILD; do
     pv="$(awk -F= '/^pkgver=/{print $2; exit}' "$pb")"
-    if [ "$pv" != "$ver" ]; then
-        echo "ERROR: $pb has pkgver=$pv but daemon version=$ver (lockstep drift)" >&2
-        rc=1
+    [ -n "$pv" ] || { echo "ERROR: $pb has no pkgver=" >&2; exit 1; }
+    if [ -z "$pkgver" ]; then
+        pkgver="$pv"
+    elif [ "$pv" != "$pkgver" ]; then
+        echo "ERROR: $pb has pkgver=$pv but the others use $pkgver (AUR PKGBUILDs must share one version)" >&2
+        exit 1
     fi
 done
+[ -n "$pkgver" ] || { echo "ERROR: no PKGBUILDs found under packaging/aur/" >&2; exit 1; }
+
+# Does the pinned release tag exist? `--count=1` makes git stop after the first
+# match, so the captured read is SIGPIPE-free under `set -o pipefail`.
+if [ -n "$(git for-each-ref --count=1 --format='%(refname:short)' "refs/tags/v$pkgver")" ]; then
+    echo "pkgver $pkgver in sync — release tag v$pkgver exists"
+    exit 0
+fi
+
+# No tag for this pkgver. If ANY v* tag exists we have drifted onto a
+# non-existent release (the bug this gate guards). Only the pre-first-release
+# bootstrap — no v* tags at all — is allowed, and then only while the pkgver
+# still tracks the daemon version (the convention before the first release).
+if [ -n "$(git for-each-ref --count=1 --format='%(refname:short)' 'refs/tags/v*')" ]; then
+    echo "ERROR: PKGBUILD pkgver=$pkgver but release tag v$pkgver does not exist (pin a released tag)" >&2
+    exit 1
+fi
 
-if [ "$rc" = 0 ]; then
-    echo "pkgver in sync ($ver) across all AUR PKGBUILDs"
+ver="$(awk -F'"' '/^version/{print $2; exit}' splitway-daemon/Cargo.toml)"
+if [ "$pkgver" = "$ver" ]; then
+    echo "pkgver $pkgver matches daemon version — no release tagged yet (bootstrap)"
+    exit 0
 fi
-exit "$rc"
+echo "ERROR: no release tag exists yet and pkgver=$pkgver differs from daemon version=$ver" >&2
+exit 1
diff --git a/packaging/ci/sync-pkgver.sh b/packaging/ci/sync-pkgver.sh
index ca75476..d597b26 100755
--- a/packaging/ci/sync-pkgver.sh
+++ b/packaging/ci/sync-pkgver.sh
@@ -1,16 +1,19 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env bash
-# Write side of the lockstep-version invariant (the read side is
-# check-pkgver-sync.sh). The daemon crate's version is the single source of
-# truth; this stamps it into every AUR PKGBUILD's `pkgver=` and resets `pkgrel=1`
-# (Arch convention on a version change). Run it right after bumping
-# splitway-daemon/Cargo.toml so the gate in packaging.yml's `meta` job stays
-# green — without this, each post-release auto-bump would leave the PKGBUILDs
-# behind and fail every later packaging run until a human edited all three.
+# Write side of the AUR-pkgver invariant (the read side is check-pkgver-sync.sh).
+# Stamps the daemon crate's CURRENT version into every AUR PKGBUILD's `pkgver=`
+# and resets `pkgrel=1` (Arch convention on a version change). release.yml's
+# bump-version job runs this BEFORE the post-release daemon bump — i.e. while
+# Cargo.toml still holds the version just tagged — so the PKGBUILDs pin the
+# just-released tag (the one `source=` fetches), NOT the next unreleased dev
+# version the bump moves the daemon to. Without it the PKGBUILDs would stay on
+# the previous release and fail later packaging runs until a human edited all
+# three.
 #
 #   sync-pkgver.sh
 set -euo pipefail
 
-# Same read as check-pkgver-sync.sh — keep these two in step. awk (not
+# Read the version being released (the pre-bump daemon version). Same read as
+# check-pkgver-sync.sh's bootstrap branch — keep these in step. awk (not
 # `grep | head -1`) is SIGPIPE-free under `set -o pipefail`.
 ver="$(awk -F'"' '/^version/{print $2; exit}' splitway-daemon/Cargo.toml)"
 [ -n "$ver" ] || { echo "ERROR: could not read daemon version" >&2; exit 1; }

From ddfcf7140b7cd77f7062d5e56223aae19eb7a604 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: stslex <ilya977.077@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 25 Jun 2026 23:23:31 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 16/51] fix(packaging): key build-arch source archive on
 PKGBUILD pkgver, not daemon (Codex P2)

Follow-up to pinning the AUR pkgver to the released tag: the daemon version
now intentionally runs ahead of the committed pkgver. build-arch pre-placed
the checkout tarball as <pkg>-$VERSION.tar.gz (daemon version), but the
PKGBUILD's source= expects <pkg>-$pkgver.tar.gz. When the two diverge makepkg
can't find the local archive and silently downloads the old v$pkgver tag,
building stale code while the smoke test still passes.

Read pkgver from each PKGBUILD and key both the archive filename and the
git-archive --prefix on it, so the pre-placed checkout is always the source
makepkg uses. Drop the now-unused VERSION env.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01EKokH93URrCizdQdVpNCNM
---
 .github/workflows/packaging.yml | 17 +++++++++++------
 1 file changed, 11 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/packaging.yml b/.github/workflows/packaging.yml
index 4d43314..2fa5cd6 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/packaging.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/packaging.yml
@@ -394,8 +394,6 @@ jobs:
     needs: meta
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     container: archlinux:latest
-    env:
-      VERSION: ${{ needs.meta.outputs.version }}
     steps:
       - name: Install build tooling
         run: |
@@ -411,13 +409,20 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           set -euo pipefail
           mkdir -p dist
+          sudo -u builder git config --global --add safe.directory "$PWD"
           for pkg in splitway splitway-gui; do
             # The PKGBUILD's source filename is <pkgname>-<pkgver>.tar.gz with a
             # top-level dir splitway-<pkgver>; pre-place it so makepkg builds the
-            # checkout instead of downloading the tag.
-            sudo -u builder git config --global --add safe.directory "$PWD"
-            sudo -u builder git archive --format=tar.gz --prefix="splitway-$VERSION/" \
-              -o "packaging/aur/$pkg/$pkg-$VERSION.tar.gz" HEAD
+            # checkout instead of downloading the tag. Key it on the committed
+            # pkgver (read from the PKGBUILD), NOT the daemon version: after a
+            # release the two differ on purpose — the PKGBUILD pins the released
+            # tag while the daemon is bumped ahead (see check-pkgver-sync.sh) — so
+            # a name keyed on the daemon version would miss makepkg's expected
+            # source, and makepkg would silently fetch the old tag and ship stale
+            # Arch packages while this build still passes.
+            pkgver="$(awk -F= '/^pkgver=/{print $2; exit}' "packaging/aur/$pkg/PKGBUILD")"
+            sudo -u builder git archive --format=tar.gz --prefix="splitway-$pkgver/" \
+              -o "packaging/aur/$pkg/$pkg-$pkgver.tar.gz" HEAD
             ( cd "packaging/aur/$pkg" \
               && sudo -u builder makepkg -f --noconfirm --nodeps --skipinteg \
               && sudo -u builder bash -c 'makepkg --printsrcinfo > .SRCINFO' )

From bbf574d9cb75f4c1305a2f0f30aa19990876556b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: stslex <ilya977.077@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 25 Jun 2026 23:41:24 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 17/51] fix(packaging): build Arch packages as the release
 version, not the pinned tag (Codex P1)
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

The committed PKGBUILD pkgver intentionally lags to the last released tag (so a
user's `makepkg -si` resolves an existing tag), but the hosted pacman repo must
ship the version being released. The prior approach keyed the build on the
committed pkgver, so a release push would publish Arch packages under the
PREVIOUS version and Arch users would never receive the new one.

build-arch now stamps the daemon/meta version into the EPHEMERAL PKGBUILD (never
committed) and pre-places the matching <pkgname>-<VERSION>.tar.gz so makepkg
builds THIS checkout as VERSION — no tag download, correct published version.
The committed PKGBUILDs and the check-pkgver-sync.sh gate are untouched.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01EKokH93URrCizdQdVpNCNM
---
 .github/workflows/packaging.yml | 29 +++++++++++++++++------------
 1 file changed, 17 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/packaging.yml b/.github/workflows/packaging.yml
index 2fa5cd6..8812869 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/packaging.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/packaging.yml
@@ -394,6 +394,8 @@ jobs:
     needs: meta
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     container: archlinux:latest
+    env:
+      VERSION: ${{ needs.meta.outputs.version }}
     steps:
       - name: Install build tooling
         run: |
@@ -411,18 +413,21 @@ jobs:
           mkdir -p dist
           sudo -u builder git config --global --add safe.directory "$PWD"
           for pkg in splitway splitway-gui; do
-            # The PKGBUILD's source filename is <pkgname>-<pkgver>.tar.gz with a
-            # top-level dir splitway-<pkgver>; pre-place it so makepkg builds the
-            # checkout instead of downloading the tag. Key it on the committed
-            # pkgver (read from the PKGBUILD), NOT the daemon version: after a
-            # release the two differ on purpose — the PKGBUILD pins the released
-            # tag while the daemon is bumped ahead (see check-pkgver-sync.sh) — so
-            # a name keyed on the daemon version would miss makepkg's expected
-            # source, and makepkg would silently fetch the old tag and ship stale
-            # Arch packages while this build still passes.
-            pkgver="$(awk -F= '/^pkgver=/{print $2; exit}' "packaging/aur/$pkg/PKGBUILD")"
-            sudo -u builder git archive --format=tar.gz --prefix="splitway-$pkgver/" \
-              -o "packaging/aur/$pkg/$pkg-$pkgver.tar.gz" HEAD
+            # Build + publish the CURRENT version (VERSION = the clean daemon/meta
+            # version), not the committed pin. The committed pkgver intentionally
+            # lags to the last released tag so a user's `makepkg -si` from a
+            # checkout resolves an existing tag (see check-pkgver-sync.sh) — but
+            # the hosted pacman repo must ship VERSION, or a release push would
+            # publish under the previous version and Arch users never get the new
+            # one. Stamp VERSION into the EPHEMERAL PKGBUILD (never committed) and
+            # pre-place the matching <pkgname>-<VERSION>.tar.gz (top-level dir
+            # splitway-<VERSION>); keying the archive on the same VERSION is what
+            # makes makepkg build THIS checkout instead of fetching the tag.
+            sudo -u builder sed -i \
+              -e "s/^pkgver=.*/pkgver=$VERSION/" -e "s/^pkgrel=.*/pkgrel=1/" \
+              "packaging/aur/$pkg/PKGBUILD"
+            sudo -u builder git archive --format=tar.gz --prefix="splitway-$VERSION/" \
+              -o "packaging/aur/$pkg/$pkg-$VERSION.tar.gz" HEAD
             ( cd "packaging/aur/$pkg" \
               && sudo -u builder makepkg -f --noconfirm --nodeps --skipinteg \
               && sudo -u builder bash -c 'makepkg --printsrcinfo > .SRCINFO' )

From 6804b9ba23ce68a7eecb8e895c1a869b7d6d28ff Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: stslex <ilya977.077@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 25 Jun 2026 23:41:24 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 18/51] fix(packaging): use pacman -Syu (not -Sy) in install
 snippets (Codex P2)

`pacman -Sy <pkg>` refreshes the sync databases without upgrading, leaving the
DB ahead of installed packages and resolving deps from a partial-upgrade state.
Use `-Syu` in the hosted-index and README install snippets. The CI smoke tests
keep `-Sy` (throwaway containers, not user systems).

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01EKokH93URrCizdQdVpNCNM
---
 README.md                    | 2 +-
 packaging/ci/render-index.sh | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 2d50cac..c8ee4ca 100755
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -300,7 +300,7 @@ sudo tee -a /etc/pacman.conf <<'EOF'
 SigLevel = Required DatabaseOptional
 Server = https://stslex.github.io/splitway/arch/release/$arch
 EOF
-sudo pacman -Sy splitway               # add splitway-gui for the desktop app
+sudo pacman -Syu splitway              # add splitway-gui for the desktop app
 ```
 
 x86_64 only. On aarch64, or to build from source, use the in-repo PKGBUILDs:
diff --git a/packaging/ci/render-index.sh b/packaging/ci/render-index.sh
index 931accf..2b46ca5 100644
--- a/packaging/ci/render-index.sh
+++ b/packaging/ci/render-index.sh
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ sudo tee -a /etc/pacman.conf <<'EOF'
 SigLevel = Required DatabaseOptional
 Server = ${BASE}/arch/release/\$arch
 EOF
-sudo pacman -Sy splitway        # add splitway-gui for the desktop app</pre>
+sudo pacman -Syu splitway       # add splitway-gui for the desktop app</pre>
 <p>The hosted pacman repo is <strong>x86_64 only</strong>. On aarch64, build the
 in-repo PKGBUILD below or use <code>splitway-bin</code> (prebuilt from the
 release tarball).</p>

From 933958bef4016bc4208fe8b0d73fcb3ff7652345 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "github-actions[bot]" <github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 23 Jun 2026 13:08:38 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 19/51] chore: bump version after release

---
 splitway-daemon/Cargo.toml | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/splitway-daemon/Cargo.toml b/splitway-daemon/Cargo.toml
index 833e31f..b8d4e27 100755
--- a/splitway-daemon/Cargo.toml
+++ b/splitway-daemon/Cargo.toml
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "splitway-daemon"
-version = "0.0.5"
+version = "0.0.6"
 edition = "2021"
 license = "MIT"
 description = "Domain-based split-DNS daemon: route selected domains through the VPN's DNS, everything else direct"

From d6bd3cae89be25b534b996607734c12ab3d919e1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: stslex <ilya977.077@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 26 Jun 2026 08:17:20 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 20/51] fix(packaging): keep Cargo.lock in lockstep with the
 release bump
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

origin/master carried splitway-daemon Cargo.toml=0.0.6 with a stale
Cargo.lock=0.0.5: release.yml's post-release auto-bump rewrote the toml
but never relocked. The dev->master merge tree inherited that drift, so
`cargo fetch --locked` (build-arch's makepkg prepare) and `cargo build
--frozen` (build-gui) aborted with "cannot update the lock file ...
because --locked was passed" — the red build-arch / build-gui checks on
PR #37.

- Sync this branch's Cargo.lock to daemon 0.0.6 (merged from master), so
  the merge tree is internally consistent and the packaging jobs build.
- release.yml bump-version: add a toolchain, then
  `cargo update -p splitway-daemon --precise "$NEW_VERSION"` and stage
  Cargo.lock in the bump commit, so master never drifts again.
- The bot bump commit gets `[skip ci]`: a GITHUB_TOKEN push already does
  not re-trigger workflows, but the marker makes it explicit (and holds
  if the push ever moves to a PAT), so the next-cycle bump can never
  publish an unreleased X.Y.(Z+1) to the stable channels (Codex P1).
- ci.yml: a `cargo metadata --locked` guard fails loudly on any future
  Cargo.lock drift instead of letting it surface as a packaging abort.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 .github/workflows/ci.yml      |  7 +++++++
 .github/workflows/release.yml | 20 +++++++++++++++++---
 Cargo.lock                    |  2 +-
 3 files changed, 25 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index 54befe5..cb49db6 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -29,6 +29,13 @@ jobs:
         with:
           components: rustfmt, clippy
 
+      # Fail loudly if Cargo.lock has drifted from the manifests (e.g. a member
+      # version bumped without relocking). --locked makes cargo refuse to update
+      # the lock, so a stale lock errors here instead of surfacing later as a
+      # `cargo fetch --locked` abort in the packaging build-arch/build-gui jobs.
+      - name: Verify Cargo.lock is in sync with the manifests
+        run: cargo metadata --format-version 1 --locked > /dev/null
+
       # splitway-gui (eframe/egui, glow renderer) links a windowing/GL stack on
       # Linux; install the dev libraries so clippy/test/build compile it. macOS
       # uses system frameworks (Cocoa/Metal) and needs none. rfd uses the XDG
diff --git a/.github/workflows/release.yml b/.github/workflows/release.yml
index 6de5ad3..f87206a 100755
--- a/.github/workflows/release.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/release.yml
@@ -128,6 +128,9 @@ jobs:
         # validates the pinned tag exists, not that it equals the daemon).
         run: bash packaging/ci/sync-pkgver.sh
 
+      # cargo update (below) needs a toolchain; this job otherwise only runs bash.
+      - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@stable
+
       - name: Bump patch version in Cargo.toml for the next dev cycle
         shell: bash
         run: |
@@ -139,13 +142,24 @@ jobs:
           NEW_PATCH=$((PATCH + 1))
           NEW_VERSION="$MAJOR.$MINOR.$NEW_PATCH"
           sed -i "s/^version = \"$VERSION\"/version = \"$NEW_VERSION\"/" splitway-daemon/Cargo.toml
-          echo "Bumped $VERSION -> $NEW_VERSION"
+          # Keep Cargo.lock in lockstep with the bumped member version. Without
+          # this, master is left with toml=NEW but lock=OLD, and the next
+          # dev->master merge tree inherits that drift — so `cargo fetch --locked`
+          # / `cargo build --frozen` abort in the packaging build-arch/build-gui
+          # jobs. --precise rewrites only splitway-daemon's lock entry.
+          cargo update -p splitway-daemon --precise "$NEW_VERSION"
+          echo "Bumped $VERSION -> $NEW_VERSION (Cargo.toml + Cargo.lock)"
 
       - name: Commit and push the AUR pin + version bump
         shell: bash
         run: |
           git config user.name "github-actions[bot]"
           git config user.email "github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com"
-          git add splitway-daemon/Cargo.toml packaging/aur/*/PKGBUILD
-          git commit -m "chore: pin AUR pkgver to release, bump daemon for next cycle"
+          git add splitway-daemon/Cargo.toml Cargo.lock packaging/aur/*/PKGBUILD
+          # [skip ci]: this bot commit must never re-trigger release/packaging.
+          # A GITHUB_TOKEN push already does not start new workflow runs, but the
+          # marker makes that intent explicit (and holds if the push is ever moved
+          # to a PAT), so the next-cycle bump can never publish an unreleased
+          # version to the stable apt/dnf/pacman channels.
+          git commit -m "chore: pin AUR pkgver to release, bump daemon for next cycle [skip ci]"
           git push
diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 5c497b6..f1fed0b 100755
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -4735,7 +4735,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "splitway-daemon"
-version = "0.0.5"
+version = "0.0.6"
 dependencies = [
  "core-foundation 0.9.4",
  "env_logger",

From 5ce951388d3f1d84047ddbe614d51434f8612a6d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: stslex <ilya977.077@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 26 Jun 2026 08:17:31 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 21/51] fix(packaging): make publish-pages post-deploy smoke
 non-fatal
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

The post-deploy steps poll the live Pages URL for 10 min and `exit 1` on
timeout. On the first (root-commit) gh-pages deploy — Pages not yet
enabled/propagated — the package is never served in the window, so the
whole publish-pages job is reported failed even though the signed deploy
already pushed and verified cleanly.

Downgrade both liveness timeouts (apt/dnf smoke and the pacman smoke) to
`::warning` + `exit 0`, skipping the live install. The pre-push "Verify
all signatures (fail closed)" step still gates integrity before the push,
and the actual install stays fatal once the repo IS live — only the
propagation-timeout path is now non-fatal, so a verified publish is never
reported as failed.

Note: enabling GitHub Pages for the gh-pages branch is a one-time repo
setting (Settings -> Pages -> Branch: gh-pages); nothing in CI can do it.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 .github/workflows/packaging.yml | 11 +++++++++--
 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/packaging.yml b/.github/workflows/packaging.yml
index 8812869..829433c 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/packaging.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/packaging.yml
@@ -687,11 +687,17 @@ jobs:
           set -euo pipefail
           # GitHub Pages publishes asynchronously; wait until the just-uploaded
           # package is live before testing the install.
+          #
+          # Non-fatal on timeout: the deploy already pushed and every signature
+          # was verified above (fail-closed), so a good publish must never be
+          # reported failed just because Pages has not finished propagating — most
+          # acutely on the FIRST (root-commit) gh-pages deploy, when Pages may not
+          # be enabled/built yet. Warn and exit 0 (skipping the install below).
           url="$BASE/deb/$CHANNEL/pool/main/splitway_${PKGVER}_amd64.deb"
           for i in $(seq 1 60); do
             if curl -fsI "$url" >/dev/null 2>&1; then echo "live after ${i}0s"; break; fi
             sleep 10
-            [ "$i" = 60 ] && { echo "ERROR: package not live after 10m"; exit 1; }
+            [ "$i" = 60 ] && { echo "::warning::package not live after 10m (GitHub Pages propagation/enablement?) — publish succeeded, skipping live install smoke"; exit 0; }
           done
           docker run --rm debian:bookworm bash -euxc "
             export DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
@@ -722,10 +728,11 @@ jobs:
         if: ${{ needs.meta.outputs.channel == 'release' }}
         run: |
           set -euo pipefail
+          # Non-fatal on timeout, same rationale as the apt/dnf smoke above.
           for i in $(seq 1 60); do
             if curl -fsI "$BASE/arch/release/x86_64/splitway.db" >/dev/null 2>&1; then break; fi
             sleep 10
-            [ "$i" = 60 ] && { echo "ERROR: pacman repo not live after 10m"; exit 1; }
+            [ "$i" = 60 ] && { echo "::warning::pacman repo not live after 10m (GitHub Pages propagation/enablement?) — publish succeeded, skipping live pacman smoke"; exit 0; }
           done
           docker run --rm -e BASE="$BASE" -e FPR="$GPG_FPR" archlinux:latest bash -euxc '
             pacman -Sy --noconfirm

From 35a2f7a4b8396c5a54faad834df37c716151f3db Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: stslex <ilya977.077@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 26 Jun 2026 08:17:42 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 22/51] fix(packaging): robust dnf passphrase handling +
 monotonic dev pkgver
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

build-dnf-repo.sh: the single PASS_OPT string relied on word-splitting
(SC2086 disabled) at the gpg call. Split it: pass_opt[] (array) for the
direct gpg detach-sign — space-robust, mirroring build-apt-repo.sh's
gpg_sign — and pass_macro (plain string, byte-identical to the original)
for the rpm __gpg_sign_cmd macro, which rpm tokenizes itself and cannot
take a bash array. The passphrase FILE path is mktemp-derived and never
has spaces, so the macro keeps the proven form (zero regression on the
real-key publish path, which has never run in CI).

compute-version.sh: append GITHUB_RUN_NUMBER to the dev pkgver ->
`<ver>~dev.<utc>.<run>.<sha>`. Two pushes in the same UTC second now order
monotonically (run number is compared numerically) instead of falling
back to the non-monotonic lexical short-sha compare. Defaults to 0
outside Actions.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 packaging/ci/build-dnf-repo.sh  | 23 ++++++++++++++++-------
 packaging/ci/compute-version.sh | 14 ++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 26 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)

diff --git a/packaging/ci/build-dnf-repo.sh b/packaging/ci/build-dnf-repo.sh
index ee8ccae..fbe4c9b 100755
--- a/packaging/ci/build-dnf-repo.sh
+++ b/packaging/ci/build-dnf-repo.sh
@@ -18,10 +18,20 @@ KEY="${2:-}"
 
 [ -d "$ROOT" ] || { echo "error: $ROOT does not exist" >&2; exit 1; }
 
-# Optional passphrase file for the real (passphrase-protected) key; unset for
-# the ephemeral CI key.
-PASS_OPT=""
-[ -n "${SPLITWAY_GPG_PASSFILE:-}" ] && PASS_OPT="--passphrase-file ${SPLITWAY_GPG_PASSFILE}"
+# Optional passphrase for the real (passphrase-protected) key; unset for the
+# ephemeral CI key. Two forms for the two call sites:
+#   * pass_opt[]  — array for the direct gpg invocation below, robust to a path
+#                   with spaces (mirrors the gpg_sign array in build-apt-repo.sh).
+#   * pass_macro  — plain string for the rpm __gpg_sign_cmd macro: rpm tokenizes
+#                   the expanded macro itself (no bash array possible), so this
+#                   keeps the proven string form. The passphrase FILE path is
+#                   mktemp-derived ($GNUPGHOME/passphrase) and never has spaces.
+pass_opt=()
+pass_macro=""
+if [ -n "${SPLITWAY_GPG_PASSFILE:-}" ]; then
+    pass_opt=(--passphrase-file "$SPLITWAY_GPG_PASSFILE")
+    pass_macro="--passphrase-file ${SPLITWAY_GPG_PASSFILE}"
+fi
 
 if [ -n "$KEY" ]; then
     # Header-sign every rpm in place (idempotent; re-signing is harmless).
@@ -32,7 +42,7 @@ if [ -n "$KEY" ]; then
     if [ ${#rpms[@]} -gt 0 ]; then
         rpm \
             --define "_gpg_name $KEY" \
-            --define "__gpg_sign_cmd %{__gpg} gpg --batch --no-armor ${PASS_OPT} --pinentry-mode loopback --no-secmem-warning -u %{_gpg_name} -sbo %{__signature_filename} %{__plaintext_filename}" \
+            --define "__gpg_sign_cmd %{__gpg} gpg --batch --no-armor ${pass_macro} --pinentry-mode loopback --no-secmem-warning -u %{_gpg_name} -sbo %{__signature_filename} %{__plaintext_filename}" \
             --addsign "${rpms[@]}"
     fi
 fi
@@ -42,8 +52,7 @@ createrepo_c --update "$ROOT"
 
 if [ -n "$KEY" ]; then
     rm -f "$ROOT/repodata/repomd.xml.asc"
-    # shellcheck disable=SC2086  # PASS_OPT is intentionally word-split (0 or 2 args)
-    gpg --batch --yes --pinentry-mode loopback $PASS_OPT --default-key "$KEY" \
+    gpg --batch --yes --pinentry-mode loopback "${pass_opt[@]}" --default-key "$KEY" \
         --detach-sign --armor "$ROOT/repodata/repomd.xml"
     echo "dnf repo signed with key $KEY -> $ROOT/repodata/{repomd.xml,repomd.xml.asc}"
 else
diff --git a/packaging/ci/compute-version.sh b/packaging/ci/compute-version.sh
index 911d9e9..db1a502 100755
--- a/packaging/ci/compute-version.sh
+++ b/packaging/ci/compute-version.sh
@@ -10,9 +10,10 @@
 #
 # Release channel: push to master -> clean <X.Y.Z>.
 # Dev channel: everything else (push to dev, pull_request, workflow_dispatch) ->
-#   <X.Y.Z>~dev.<utcYYYYmmddHHMMSS>.<shortsha>. The `~dev` suffix sorts BELOW
-# the clean release in both dpkg and rpm (>=4.10), so a tester with both repos
-# enabled upgrades dev -> release cleanly.
+#   <X.Y.Z>~dev.<utcYYYYmmddHHMMSS>.<runNumber>.<shortsha>. The `~dev` suffix
+# sorts BELOW the clean release in both dpkg and rpm (>=4.10), so a tester with
+# both repos enabled upgrades dev -> release cleanly. <runNumber> keeps two
+# same-second builds monotonically ordered (see below).
 set -euo pipefail
 
 event="${1:?usage: compute-version.sh <event_name> <ref>}"
@@ -29,7 +30,12 @@ if [ "$event" = "push" ] && [ "$ref" = "refs/heads/master" ]; then
 else
     utc="$(date -u +%Y%m%d%H%M%S)"
     sha="$(git rev-parse --short HEAD)"
-    pkgver="${version}~dev.${utc}.${sha}"
+    # GITHUB_RUN_NUMBER increments per run, so two pushes that land in the same
+    # UTC second still order monotonically — without it dpkg/rpm fall back to
+    # comparing the short sha lexically, which is NOT monotonic with commit order
+    # and can pick the wrong "newest" build. Defaults to 0 outside Actions.
+    run="${GITHUB_RUN_NUMBER:-0}"
+    pkgver="${version}~dev.${utc}.${run}.${sha}"
     channel="dev"
 fi
 

From c81fc0c530ea679ee25f323ae5ba810c338c2540 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: stslex <ilya977.077@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 26 Jun 2026 08:17:53 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 23/51] docs(packaging): sync GUI dep lists with manifests;
 note portal + pkgver
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

The design doc's GUI dependency lists had drifted from the manifests:
- Debian: add libegl1 + libxkbcommon-x11-0
- Fedora: add mesa-libEGL + libxkbcommon-x11
- Arch: add libxkbcommon-x11
…with a note on why EGL is separate from GL (EGL context on Wayland) and
xkbcommon-x11 separate from xkbcommon (winit x11 dlopen), and that the
list is the windowing-lib subset (the PKGBUILD also carries the icon /
desktop-file install-hook deps).

Also update the now-stale dev version format `<X.Y.Z>~dev.<utc>.<sha>` ->
`<X.Y.Z>~dev.<utc>.<run>.<sha>` in the channel-topology table and in
packaging/README.md to match compute-version.sh.

splitway-gui/Cargo.toml: document the rpm Recommends asymmetry — the deb
offers gtk|wlr|kde but a cargo-generate-rpm `key="*"` table has no
boolean-OR, so it names the GTK portal (a weak dep that works on most
desktops); a passthrough rich-dep is left out until verified to emit
correctly through cargo-generate-rpm.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 docs/design/linux-distro-packaging.md | 27 +++++++++++++++++++--------
 packaging/README.md                   |  2 +-
 splitway-gui/Cargo.toml               |  7 +++++++
 3 files changed, 27 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/design/linux-distro-packaging.md b/docs/design/linux-distro-packaging.md
index 95faf50..9a1dcaf 100644
--- a/docs/design/linux-distro-packaging.md
+++ b/docs/design/linux-distro-packaging.md
@@ -55,8 +55,8 @@ author's iteration channel.
 | Trigger            | Channel | Version              | Publishes to |
 |--------------------|---------|----------------------|--------------|
 | push → `master`    | release | `<X.Y.Z>`            | `deb/release`, `rpm/release`, `arch/release/x86_64`, GitHub Release (tarballs) |
-| push → `dev`       | dev     | `<X.Y.Z>~dev.<utc>.<sha>` | `deb/dev`, `rpm/dev` |
-| pull_request       | —       | `<X.Y.Z>~dev.<utc>.<sha>` | nothing (build + test only) |
+| push → `dev`       | dev     | `<X.Y.Z>~dev.<utc>.<run>.<sha>` | `deb/dev`, `rpm/dev` |
+| pull_request       | —       | `<X.Y.Z>~dev.<utc>.<run>.<sha>` | nothing (build + test only) |
 
 `~dev` sorts **below** the clean release in dpkg and rpm (≥4.10), so a tester
 with both repos enabled upgrades dev → release cleanly.
@@ -80,12 +80,23 @@ windowing libraries at runtime**, so they are absent from the binary's ELF
 cargo-generate-rpm's ELF-based `auto-req` can see them — they **must be
 hardcoded**:
 
-- Debian: `libgl1, libx11-6, libxcursor1, libxi6, libxrandr2,
-  libwayland-client0, libxkbcommon0`, plus `libc6 (>= 2.31)` to pin the floor.
-- Fedora: `mesa-libGL, libX11, libXcursor, libXi, libXrandr, libwayland-client,
-  libxkbcommon` (auto-req still derives the glibc/libgcc floor from the
-  linked-against sonames).
-- Arch: `libglvnd libxkbcommon wayland libx11 libxcursor libxi libxrandr`.
+- Debian: `libgl1, libegl1, libx11-6, libxcursor1, libxi6, libxrandr2,
+  libwayland-client0, libxkbcommon0, libxkbcommon-x11-0`, plus `libc6 (>= 2.31)`
+  to pin the floor.
+- Fedora: `mesa-libGL, mesa-libEGL, libX11, libXcursor, libXi, libXrandr,
+  libwayland-client, libxkbcommon, libxkbcommon-x11` (auto-req still derives the
+  glibc/libgcc floor from the linked-against sonames).
+- Arch: `libglvnd libxkbcommon libxkbcommon-x11 wayland libx11 libxcursor libxi
+  libxrandr` (`libglvnd` provides both GL and EGL).
+
+`libegl1`/`mesa-libEGL` is listed **separately** from GL: glow/glutin creates its
+GL context via EGL on Wayland (GLX on X11), and the GL package does not pull EGL —
+without it a Wayland-only install fails at context creation. `libxkbcommon-x11`
+is likewise separate from `libxkbcommon0`: winit's `x11` feature `dlopen`s
+`libxkbcommon-x11.so`, which the base xkbcommon package does not pull. Keep these
+windowing-lib lists in sync with the GUI manifest `depends` / `[requires]` and
+the Arch PKGBUILD `depends` (whose `depends` additionally carry the
+`hicolor-icon-theme` / `desktop-file-utils` install-hook deps, out of scope here).
 
 `xdg-desktop-portal` + a backend (`-gtk`/`-wlr`/`-kde`) is `Recommends`: rfd's
 file dialog uses the portal here (no GTK linked) and **silently no-ops** without
diff --git a/packaging/README.md b/packaging/README.md
index 81c426a..1d1cb08 100644
--- a/packaging/README.md
+++ b/packaging/README.md
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ running `usermod -aG splitway <user>` + re-login (same contract as the NixOS
 deletes the drop-in and (if empty) the group, reverting to root-only.
 
 **Channels.** `release` (push → `master`, clean `<X.Y.Z>`) and `dev` (push →
-`dev`, `<X.Y.Z>~dev.<utc>.<sha>`) are separate Pages subtrees. `~dev` sorts
+`dev`, `<X.Y.Z>~dev.<utc>.<run>.<sha>`) are separate Pages subtrees. `~dev` sorts
 below the release in dpkg and rpm, so dev → release upgrades cleanly. Deploys
 **merge** the channel into persistent `gh-pages` state — old versions and the
 other channel survive.
diff --git a/splitway-gui/Cargo.toml b/splitway-gui/Cargo.toml
index 0eaf787..a3d934a 100644
--- a/splitway-gui/Cargo.toml
+++ b/splitway-gui/Cargo.toml
@@ -188,4 +188,11 @@ libxkbcommon-x11 = "*"
 
 [package.metadata.generate-rpm.recommends]
 xdg-desktop-portal = "*"
+# Asymmetry vs the deb Recommends (which offers gtk | wlr | kde): a cargo-generate-rpm
+# `key = "*"` table has no boolean-OR, so we name the GTK portal — it works on most
+# desktops (rfd links no GTK; it speaks the portal over D-Bus). On a native KDE/wlroots
+# host this only *nudges* GTK (a weak dep); the native backend, if installed, is used.
+# A passthrough rpm rich-dep — `"(xdg-desktop-portal-gtk or xdg-desktop-portal-kde or
+# xdg-desktop-portal-wlr)" = "*"` — would mirror the deb, but is left out until verified
+# to emit correctly through cargo-generate-rpm (it would only surface at rpm-build time).
 xdg-desktop-portal-gtk = "*"

From 94d30b1792ff841beb6fdeb2feebfdb60901d2cf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: stslex <ilya977.077@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 26 Jun 2026 08:37:53 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 24/51] =?UTF-8?q?ci(release):=20auto-open=20a=20master?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=E2=86=92dev=20sync=20PR=20after=20the=20post-release=20bump?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

The post-release auto-bump only updates master, so after each release dev
falls one version behind (exactly the drift that left this branch at 0.0.5
while master was at 0.0.6). Add a `sync-dev` job (`needs: bump-version`)
that opens — or refreshes — a PR merging master back into dev so dev
tracks the next dev cycle automatically.

A PR, not a direct push: dev follows the branch→PR workflow and may be
protected. The job no-ops when dev already contains master, reuses an
open sync PR instead of duplicating, and enables auto-merge best-effort
(lands once mergeable where the repo allows it, otherwise waits for a
one-click merge). The PR is opened by GITHUB_TOKEN, which does not trigger
pull_request CI on itself — documented inline, with the PAT escape hatch
for anyone who wants required checks to gate the sync merge.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 .github/workflows/release.yml | 48 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 48 insertions(+)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/release.yml b/.github/workflows/release.yml
index f87206a..6dd916c 100755
--- a/.github/workflows/release.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/release.yml
@@ -163,3 +163,51 @@ jobs:
           # version to the stable apt/dnf/pacman channels.
           git commit -m "chore: pin AUR pkgver to release, bump daemon for next cycle [skip ci]"
           git push
+
+  # After the post-release bump lands on master, dev is one bump behind. Open
+  # (or refresh) a PR that merges master back into dev so dev tracks the next dev
+  # cycle automatically — a PR rather than a direct push, because dev follows the
+  # branch -> PR workflow and may be protected. Best-effort auto-merge makes it
+  # hands-off where the repo allows it (no required checks); otherwise the PR just
+  # waits for a one-click merge. NOTE: this PR is opened by GITHUB_TOKEN, so it
+  # does NOT trigger pull_request CI on itself (GitHub suppresses that) — required
+  # checks would block auto-merge; use a PAT here if you want them to run.
+  sync-dev:
+    needs: bump-version
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      contents: write
+      pull-requests: write
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+      - name: Open/refresh a PR syncing the post-release bump into dev
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          git fetch --quiet origin master dev
+          # Nothing to sync if dev already contains master's tip.
+          if git merge-base --is-ancestor origin/master origin/dev; then
+            echo "dev already contains master — no sync PR needed"; exit 0
+          fi
+          # awk (not `grep | head -1`): SIGPIPE-free version read under pipefail.
+          VERSION=$(git show origin/master:splitway-daemon/Cargo.toml \
+            | awk -F'"' '/^version/{print $2; exit}')
+          num=$(gh pr list --base dev --head master --state open \
+            --json number --jq '.[0].number // empty')
+          if [ -n "$num" ]; then
+            echo "sync PR #$num already open; the master push refreshed it"
+          else
+            url=$(gh pr create --base dev --head master \
+              --title "chore: sync post-release bump into dev (next cycle ${VERSION})" \
+              --body "Automated by release.yml after the release was tagged. Brings master's post-release auto-bump — splitway-daemon → ${VERSION}, regenerated Cargo.lock, AUR pkgver pins — back into \`dev\` so dev tracks the next dev cycle." \
+              ) || { echo "could not open sync PR (resolve manually): merge origin/master into dev"; exit 0; }
+            num=$(printf '%s' "$url" | sed -n 's#.*/pull/\([0-9][0-9]*\).*#\1#p')
+            echo "opened sync PR #${num} ($url)"
+          fi
+          # Best-effort: land it automatically once mergeable. No-op (PR waits for
+          # manual merge) if the repo lacks auto-merge or has required checks.
+          [ -n "$num" ] && { gh pr merge --auto --merge "$num" \
+            || echo "auto-merge unavailable; sync PR #${num} left for manual merge"; }

From 0f2d1917fa695b631c391b0fd2c8cb3bb6e3aad3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: stslex <ilya977.077@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 26 Jun 2026 09:14:43 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 25/51] ci: harden the Cargo.lock drift guard against transient
 registry errors
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

The new `Verify Cargo.lock` step resolves against the crates.io index on a
cold runner, so a transient blip (observed: `OpenSSL ... unexpected eof`
fetching the tauri-codegen index entry) could flake it — unlike the rest
of this repo's network steps, which already retry.

Wrap it to match that pattern: CARGO_NET_RETRY=10 plus an outer retry that
rides out a transient registry error, while still failing FAST on a real
drift (the `--locked` refusal, which no retry can fix) with a clear
relock hint.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 .github/workflows/ci.yml | 26 +++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 1 file changed, 25 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index cb49db6..2023488 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -33,8 +33,32 @@ jobs:
       # version bumped without relocking). --locked makes cargo refuse to update
       # the lock, so a stale lock errors here instead of surfacing later as a
       # `cargo fetch --locked` abort in the packaging build-arch/build-gui jobs.
+      #
+      # Resolving touches the registry index on a cold runner, so a transient
+      # crates.io blip (SSL eof, HTTP2 reset) could flake this check. Retry those,
+      # but fail FAST on a genuine drift (the `--locked` error), which no retry
+      # can fix.
       - name: Verify Cargo.lock is in sync with the manifests
-        run: cargo metadata --format-version 1 --locked > /dev/null
+        env:
+          CARGO_NET_RETRY: "10"
+          CARGO_HTTP_MULTIPLEXING: "false"
+        run: |
+          tmp_err="$(mktemp)"
+          for i in 1 2 3; do
+            if cargo metadata --format-version 1 --locked >/dev/null 2>"$tmp_err"; then
+              rm -f "$tmp_err"; exit 0
+            fi
+            cat "$tmp_err" >&2
+            # A genuine drift (the `--locked` refusal) no retry can fix — fail fast.
+            if grep -q -- '--locked' "$tmp_err"; then
+              echo "ERROR: Cargo.lock is out of sync with the manifests — relock (e.g. cargo update -p splitway-daemon) and commit Cargo.lock"
+              exit 1
+            fi
+            echo "cargo metadata failed (attempt $i/3) — likely a transient registry error; retrying in ${i}0s" >&2
+            sleep "${i}0"
+          done
+          echo "ERROR: cargo metadata --locked still failing after retries (registry unreachable?)"
+          exit 1
 
       # splitway-gui (eframe/egui, glow renderer) links a windowing/GL stack on
       # Linux; install the dev libraries so clippy/test/build compile it. macOS

From d5ffbab886d07da73fb429bd74e15f7e35bd878d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: stslex <ilya977.077@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 26 Jun 2026 09:44:02 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 26/51] fix(packaging): don't pin splitway-bin to assets that
 may not exist yet
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

The source PKGBUILDs fetch the `v$pkgver` tag archive (generated the
instant the tag exists), but splitway-bin fetches the release ASSET
tarballs (splitway-$pkgver-linux-*.tar.gz) that packaging.yml attaches
later and independently of release.yml's bump. So stamping splitway-bin
at tag time could point it at not-yet (or, on a failed upload, never-)
uploaded assets while check-pkgver-sync.sh still passes on tag existence
alone (Codex P2).

- sync-pkgver.sh: skip splitway-bin — only advance the tag-archive source
  PKGBUILDs at release time.
- check-pkgver-sync.sh: exclude splitway-bin from the shared-version / tag
  check; it is allowed to lag, and tag-existence is necessary-but-not-
  sufficient for an asset-based fetch.

splitway-bin's pkgver + real sha256sums are both knowable only after the
assets are published, so they are owned together by the deferred
asset-aware AUR-push automation (already referenced in its PKGBUILD's
TRUST ASSUMPTION note). splitway-bin is not on AUR yet, so there is no
live 404 surface today.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 packaging/ci/check-pkgver-sync.sh | 18 +++++++++++++-----
 packaging/ci/sync-pkgver.sh       | 27 +++++++++++++++++++--------
 2 files changed, 32 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-)

diff --git a/packaging/ci/check-pkgver-sync.sh b/packaging/ci/check-pkgver-sync.sh
index b98edb4..c3052e4 100755
--- a/packaging/ci/check-pkgver-sync.sh
+++ b/packaging/ci/check-pkgver-sync.sh
@@ -1,23 +1,31 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env bash
-# Guard the AUR-pkgver invariant: the version pinned in every committed PKGBUILD
-# must name a release that ACTUALLY EXISTS, because each `source=` fetches the
-# `v$pkgver` git tag / release assets. release.yml's post-release auto-bump
+# Guard the AUR-pkgver invariant: the version pinned in the committed SOURCE
+# PKGBUILDs must name a release that ACTUALLY EXISTS, because each `source=`
+# fetches the `v$pkgver` git tag archive. release.yml's post-release auto-bump
 # pushes splitway-daemon/Cargo.toml to the NEXT (unreleased) version, so the
 # daemon version is deliberately one ahead of the latest release at rest on
 # master — the PKGBUILDs must therefore pin a real *released tag*, never the
 # in-tree daemon version (the write side, sync-pkgver.sh, stamps the version
 # being released). Fail the build on drift so `makepkg -si` from a checkout can
-# never point at a tag / assets that do not exist.
+# never point at a tag that does not exist.
+#
+# splitway-bin is EXCLUDED: it fetches release ASSET tarballs (attached later by
+# packaging.yml), so tag-existence — all this script cheaply checks — is
+# necessary but not sufficient for it, and it is allowed to lag the source
+# pkgver. Its asset-gated pin + sha256sums are owned by the (deferred) asset-aware
+# AUR-push automation (see splitway-bin/PKGBUILD and sync-pkgver.sh).
 #
 # Needs the tags fetched (packaging.yml's meta job uses fetch-depth: 0).
 #
 #   check-pkgver-sync.sh
 set -euo pipefail
 
-# All three PKGBUILDs describe one project at one version, so they must agree.
+# The source PKGBUILDs describe one project at one version, so they must agree.
 # awk (not `grep | head -1`) is SIGPIPE-free under `set -o pipefail`.
 pkgver=""
 for pb in packaging/aur/*/PKGBUILD; do
+    # See header: splitway-bin's pkgver is asset-gated and may lag — not checked here.
+    case "$pb" in */splitway-bin/PKGBUILD) continue ;; esac
     pv="$(awk -F= '/^pkgver=/{print $2; exit}' "$pb")"
     [ -n "$pv" ] || { echo "ERROR: $pb has no pkgver=" >&2; exit 1; }
     if [ -z "$pkgver" ]; then
diff --git a/packaging/ci/sync-pkgver.sh b/packaging/ci/sync-pkgver.sh
index d597b26..6eca798 100755
--- a/packaging/ci/sync-pkgver.sh
+++ b/packaging/ci/sync-pkgver.sh
@@ -1,13 +1,21 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env bash
 # Write side of the AUR-pkgver invariant (the read side is check-pkgver-sync.sh).
-# Stamps the daemon crate's CURRENT version into every AUR PKGBUILD's `pkgver=`
-# and resets `pkgrel=1` (Arch convention on a version change). release.yml's
-# bump-version job runs this BEFORE the post-release daemon bump — i.e. while
-# Cargo.toml still holds the version just tagged — so the PKGBUILDs pin the
-# just-released tag (the one `source=` fetches), NOT the next unreleased dev
-# version the bump moves the daemon to. Without it the PKGBUILDs would stay on
-# the previous release and fail later packaging runs until a human edited all
-# three.
+# Stamps the daemon crate's CURRENT version into the SOURCE AUR PKGBUILDs'
+# `pkgver=` and resets `pkgrel=1` (Arch convention on a version change).
+# release.yml's bump-version job runs this BEFORE the post-release daemon bump —
+# i.e. while Cargo.toml still holds the version just tagged — so the PKGBUILDs
+# pin the just-released tag (the one `source=` fetches), NOT the next unreleased
+# dev version the bump moves the daemon to. Without it the PKGBUILDs would stay
+# on the previous release and fail later packaging runs until a human edited them.
+#
+# splitway-bin is EXCLUDED on purpose. The source PKGBUILDs fetch the `v$pkgver`
+# TAG ARCHIVE, which GitHub generates the instant the tag exists, so pinning them
+# the moment we tag is safe. splitway-bin instead fetches the release ASSET
+# tarballs (splitway-$pkgver-linux-*.tar.gz) that packaging.yml attaches LATER
+# and independently — so bumping it here would point it at not-yet (or, on a
+# failed upload, never-) uploaded assets while the tag already exists. Its pkgver
+# and real sha256sums are stamped together by the (deferred) asset-aware AUR-push
+# automation, which by necessity runs after the assets are published.
 #
 #   sync-pkgver.sh
 set -euo pipefail
@@ -19,6 +27,9 @@ ver="$(awk -F'"' '/^version/{print $2; exit}' splitway-daemon/Cargo.toml)"
 [ -n "$ver" ] || { echo "ERROR: could not read daemon version" >&2; exit 1; }
 
 for pb in packaging/aur/*/PKGBUILD; do
+    # Skip the asset-fetching prebuilt package (see header) — it must not be
+    # advanced until its release tarballs exist.
+    case "$pb" in */splitway-bin/PKGBUILD) echo "skipped $pb (asset-gated; deferred)"; continue ;; esac
     sed -i "s/^pkgver=.*/pkgver=$ver/" "$pb"
     sed -i "s/^pkgrel=.*/pkgrel=1/" "$pb"
     echo "synced $pb -> pkgver=$ver pkgrel=1"

From 6a3421aac0a856cd636260cea9205b0d96c39bb5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: stslex <ilya977.077@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 26 Jun 2026 13:59:49 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 27/51] fix(packaging): add the Wayland-EGL runtime dep to the
 GUI package (Codex P2)
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

The GUI dlopens libwayland-egl.so.1 (glutin's Wayland EGL platform binds
the GL surface to the wl_surface via wl_egl_window_*), but the manifest
declared only libwayland-client0 / libwayland-client — and the client lib
does NOT pull the EGL platform lib. So on a minimal Wayland host the
package installs and passes the `command -v` smoke tests, then fails at
GL-context creation. Verified the binary dlopens it:
`strings splitway-gui | grep libwayland-egl` ->
"Library libwayland-egl.so could not be loaded." + libwayland-egl.so.1.

- deb depends: add libwayland-egl1
- rpm requires: add libwayland-egl
- Arch is already covered: the `wayland` package ships libwayland-egl.so.1
  alongside libwayland-client.
- Manifest comments + docs/design dep lists updated with the rationale
  (separate from libwayland-client0, same pattern as libegl1 vs libgl1).

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 docs/design/linux-distro-packaging.md | 28 +++++++++++++---------
 splitway-gui/Cargo.toml               | 34 +++++++++++++++++----------
 2 files changed, 39 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/design/linux-distro-packaging.md b/docs/design/linux-distro-packaging.md
index 9a1dcaf..b089a33 100644
--- a/docs/design/linux-distro-packaging.md
+++ b/docs/design/linux-distro-packaging.md
@@ -81,22 +81,28 @@ cargo-generate-rpm's ELF-based `auto-req` can see them — they **must be
 hardcoded**:
 
 - Debian: `libgl1, libegl1, libx11-6, libxcursor1, libxi6, libxrandr2,
-  libwayland-client0, libxkbcommon0, libxkbcommon-x11-0`, plus `libc6 (>= 2.31)`
-  to pin the floor.
+  libwayland-client0, libwayland-egl1, libxkbcommon0, libxkbcommon-x11-0`, plus
+  `libc6 (>= 2.31)` to pin the floor.
 - Fedora: `mesa-libGL, mesa-libEGL, libX11, libXcursor, libXi, libXrandr,
-  libwayland-client, libxkbcommon, libxkbcommon-x11` (auto-req still derives the
-  glibc/libgcc floor from the linked-against sonames).
+  libwayland-client, libwayland-egl, libxkbcommon, libxkbcommon-x11` (auto-req
+  still derives the glibc/libgcc floor from the linked-against sonames).
 - Arch: `libglvnd libxkbcommon libxkbcommon-x11 wayland libx11 libxcursor libxi
-  libxrandr` (`libglvnd` provides both GL and EGL).
+  libxrandr` (`libglvnd` provides both GL and EGL; the `wayland` package already
+  ships `libwayland-egl.so.1` alongside `libwayland-client`).
 
 `libegl1`/`mesa-libEGL` is listed **separately** from GL: glow/glutin creates its
 GL context via EGL on Wayland (GLX on X11), and the GL package does not pull EGL —
-without it a Wayland-only install fails at context creation. `libxkbcommon-x11`
-is likewise separate from `libxkbcommon0`: winit's `x11` feature `dlopen`s
-`libxkbcommon-x11.so`, which the base xkbcommon package does not pull. Keep these
-windowing-lib lists in sync with the GUI manifest `depends` / `[requires]` and
-the Arch PKGBUILD `depends` (whose `depends` additionally carry the
-`hicolor-icon-theme` / `desktop-file-utils` install-hook deps, out of scope here).
+without it a Wayland-only install fails at context creation. `libwayland-egl1`/
+`libwayland-egl` (`libwayland-egl.so.1`) is **separate again** from
+`libwayland-client0`: glutin's Wayland EGL platform binds the GL surface to the
+`wl_surface` through it (`wl_egl_window_*`), and the client lib does not pull it —
+without it a Wayland install passes the `command -v` smoke tests and then fails
+at GL-context creation. `libxkbcommon-x11` is likewise separate from
+`libxkbcommon0`: winit's `x11` feature `dlopen`s `libxkbcommon-x11.so`, which the
+base xkbcommon package does not pull. Keep these windowing-lib lists in sync with
+the GUI manifest `depends` / `[requires]` and the Arch PKGBUILD `depends` (whose
+`depends` additionally carry the `hicolor-icon-theme` / `desktop-file-utils`
+install-hook deps, out of scope here).
 
 `xdg-desktop-portal` + a backend (`-gtk`/`-wlr`/`-kde`) is `Recommends`: rfd's
 file dialog uses the portal here (no GTK linked) and **silently no-ops** without
diff --git a/splitway-gui/Cargo.toml b/splitway-gui/Cargo.toml
index a3d934a..0503eec 100644
--- a/splitway-gui/Cargo.toml
+++ b/splitway-gui/Cargo.toml
@@ -66,18 +66,24 @@ until you run `usermod -aG splitway <user>`. Requires the splitway package."""
 # Hardcoded eframe/glow runtime libs (Debian names) rather than cargo-deb's
 # `$auto`. Two reasons: (1) $auto (dpkg-shlibdeps) needs the TARGET-arch libs
 # present, which is fragile for the arm64 cross build; (2) winit/glow dlopen
-# the windowing libs (libGL + libEGL, X11, wayland, xkbcommon + xkbcommon-x11)
-# at runtime, so they are NOT in the ELF's DT_NEEDED and $auto/shlibdeps would
-# MISS them entirely (verified: the rpm's ELF-based auto-req captured libc/libgcc
-# but none of the GL/X11/wayland libs). libegl1 is a SEPARATE dep from libgl1
-# because glow/glutin creates its GL context via EGL on Wayland (GLX on X11), and
-# libgl1 does NOT pull libegl1 — without it a Wayland-only install succeeds and
-# then fails at GL-context creation. libxkbcommon-x11-0 is likewise SEPARATE from
-# libxkbcommon0: winit's default `x11` feature has xkbcommon-dl dlopen
-# libxkbcommon-x11.so, which an X11 session needs and libxkbcommon0 does not pull.
-# `libc6 (>= 2.31)` pins the documented glibc floor (debian:bullseye /
-# ubuntu:20.04). The `>=` core dep is the real IPC contract.
-depends = "splitway (>= 0.0.5), libc6 (>= 2.31), libgl1, libegl1, libx11-6, libxcursor1, libxi6, libxrandr2, libwayland-client0, libxkbcommon0, libxkbcommon-x11-0"
+# the windowing libs (libGL + libEGL, X11, wayland-client + wayland-egl,
+# xkbcommon + xkbcommon-x11) at runtime, so they are NOT in the ELF's DT_NEEDED
+# and $auto/shlibdeps would MISS them entirely (verified: the rpm's ELF-based
+# auto-req captured libc/libgcc but none of the GL/X11/wayland libs). libegl1 is
+# a SEPARATE dep from libgl1 because glow/glutin creates its GL context via EGL on
+# Wayland (GLX on X11), and libgl1 does NOT pull libegl1 — without it a
+# Wayland-only install succeeds and then fails at GL-context creation.
+# libwayland-egl1 (libwayland-egl.so.1, wl_egl_window_*) is SEPARATE again from
+# libwayland-client0: glutin's Wayland EGL platform binds the GL surface to the
+# wl_surface through it, and libwayland-client0 does NOT pull it — without it a
+# Wayland install likewise passes `command -v` smoke tests and then fails at
+# GL-context creation (verified: the binary dlopens libwayland-egl.so.1).
+# libxkbcommon-x11-0 is likewise SEPARATE from libxkbcommon0: winit's default
+# `x11` feature has xkbcommon-dl dlopen libxkbcommon-x11.so, which an X11 session
+# needs and libxkbcommon0 does not pull. `libc6 (>= 2.31)` pins the documented
+# glibc floor (debian:bullseye / ubuntu:20.04). The `>=` core dep is the real
+# IPC contract.
+depends = "splitway (>= 0.0.5), libc6 (>= 2.31), libgl1, libegl1, libx11-6, libxcursor1, libxi6, libxrandr2, libwayland-client0, libwayland-egl1, libxkbcommon0, libxkbcommon-x11-0"
 # rfd uses the XDG desktop portal for its file dialog here (no GTK linked); the
 # dialog silently no-ops without a running portal + backend, hence Recommends.
 recommends = "xdg-desktop-portal, xdg-desktop-portal-gtk | xdg-desktop-portal-wlr | xdg-desktop-portal-kde"
@@ -171,6 +177,9 @@ assets = [
 # runtime libs that auto-req cannot detect (Fedora package names; mesa-libGL /
 # mesa-libEGL pull working GL/EGL via libglvnd — glow/glutin uses EGL on
 # Wayland, GLX on X11, and mesa-libGL alone does not pull the EGL loader).
+# libwayland-egl (libwayland-egl.so.1) is a separate Fedora package from
+# libwayland-client — glutin's Wayland EGL platform loads it for wl_egl_window,
+# and libwayland-client does not pull it.
 # libxkbcommon-x11 is a separate Fedora package from libxkbcommon — winit's x11
 # feature dlopens libxkbcommon-x11.so. rfd's file dialog needs an XDG portal +
 # backend (Recommends below).
@@ -183,6 +192,7 @@ libXcursor = "*"
 libXi = "*"
 libXrandr = "*"
 libwayland-client = "*"
+libwayland-egl = "*"
 libxkbcommon = "*"
 libxkbcommon-x11 = "*"
 

From bfc4180a3505cadc5c66ef27fee3052fa77f27fa Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: stslex <ilya977.077@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 26 Jun 2026 20:24:17 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 28/51] fix(packaging): depend on the group-creation tool for
 the opt-in group (Codex P2)
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

The GUI maintainer scripts run groupadd/groupdel to create and remove the
opt-in `splitway` socket group, but neither package declared the provider:
groupadd is in `shadow-utils` (Fedora/RHEL) and `passwd` (Debian). On a
minimal image lacking it:
- rpm: %post fails NON-fatally, so the install "succeeds" but leaves the
  socket-group drop-in with no group — the daemon then exits on
  `--socket-group splitway` and users can't opt in (Codex P2).
- deb: the postinst `exit 1`s, so the install fails loudly instead.

Declare the dep on both for parity (present on normal systems, but now
guaranteed on minimal ones):
- rpm `[requires]`: add `shadow-utils`
- deb `depends`: add `passwd`
Manifest comments + the design-doc socket-group note updated.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 docs/design/linux-distro-packaging.md |  5 ++++-
 splitway-gui/Cargo.toml               | 13 +++++++++++--
 2 files changed, 15 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/design/linux-distro-packaging.md b/docs/design/linux-distro-packaging.md
index b089a33..02fcdbf 100644
--- a/docs/design/linux-distro-packaging.md
+++ b/docs/design/linux-distro-packaging.md
@@ -48,7 +48,10 @@ author's iteration channel.
    `splitway` group and installs a service drop-in enabling `--socket-group`.
    Empty group ⇒ posture identical to `0600 root` (a no-op). The only grant is
    a human running `usermod -aG splitway $USER` + re-login. Maintainer scripts
-   **never** add a user. Mirrors `nix/tests/socket-group.nix`.
+   **never** add a user. Mirrors `nix/tests/socket-group.nix`. The scriptlets use
+   `groupadd`/`groupdel`, so the GUI package depends on their provider — `passwd`
+   (deb) / `shadow-utils` (rpm) — which a minimal image may lack; without it the
+   group is never created and the daemon would fail on `--socket-group splitway`.
 
 ## Channel & version topology
 
diff --git a/splitway-gui/Cargo.toml b/splitway-gui/Cargo.toml
index 0503eec..80048ce 100644
--- a/splitway-gui/Cargo.toml
+++ b/splitway-gui/Cargo.toml
@@ -82,8 +82,11 @@ until you run `usermod -aG splitway <user>`. Requires the splitway package."""
 # `x11` feature has xkbcommon-dl dlopen libxkbcommon-x11.so, which an X11 session
 # needs and libxkbcommon0 does not pull. `libc6 (>= 2.31)` pins the documented
 # glibc floor (debian:bullseye / ubuntu:20.04). The `>=` core dep is the real
-# IPC contract.
-depends = "splitway (>= 0.0.5), libc6 (>= 2.31), libgl1, libegl1, libx11-6, libxcursor1, libxi6, libxrandr2, libwayland-client0, libwayland-egl1, libxkbcommon0, libxkbcommon-x11-0"
+# IPC contract. `passwd` provides groupadd/groupdel, which the maintainer scripts
+# use to create/remove the opt-in `splitway` group (shadow-utils on rpm) — present
+# on normal systems but declared so a minimal image's postinst can't fail and
+# leave the socket-group drop-in with no group.
+depends = "splitway (>= 0.0.5), libc6 (>= 2.31), libgl1, libegl1, libx11-6, libxcursor1, libxi6, libxrandr2, libwayland-client0, libwayland-egl1, libxkbcommon0, libxkbcommon-x11-0, passwd"
 # rfd uses the XDG desktop portal for its file dialog here (no GTK linked); the
 # dialog silently no-ops without a running portal + backend, hence Recommends.
 recommends = "xdg-desktop-portal, xdg-desktop-portal-gtk | xdg-desktop-portal-wlr | xdg-desktop-portal-kde"
@@ -195,6 +198,12 @@ libwayland-client = "*"
 libwayland-egl = "*"
 libxkbcommon = "*"
 libxkbcommon-x11 = "*"
+# shadow-utils provides groupadd/groupdel, which the %post/%postun scriptlets use
+# to create/remove the opt-in `splitway` group. It is present on normal
+# Fedora/RHEL but NOT guaranteed on minimal images — without it %post fails
+# (non-fatally), leaving the socket-group drop-in but no group, so the daemon
+# then exits on `--socket-group splitway`. (deb parity: the `passwd` Depends.)
+shadow-utils = "*"
 
 [package.metadata.generate-rpm.recommends]
 xdg-desktop-portal = "*"

From f438d0bed3d0bd9982296cc2c3e4beaa59240d81 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: stslex <ilya977.077@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 27 Jun 2026 00:49:13 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 29/51] fix(gui-tauri): verify the whole parent chain of the
 root daemon path (Codex P1)
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

The macOS self-installer pinned /usr/local/bin to root:wheel 0755 before
dropping in splitway-daemon (which launchd then execs as root), but renaming
or replacing a directory entry needs write access to its PARENT, not to the
entry itself. So on the Homebrew-on-Intel layout — where /usr/local is left
admin-owned — a non-root user could `mv /usr/local/bin /usr/local/bin.bak &&
mkdir /usr/local/bin`, drop in a malicious splitway-daemon, and gain root at
the next boot. Pinning only the leaf directory did not close that.

Add assert_root_only_path(): walk every ancestor of the install dir up to /
and refuse unless each is root-owned and not group/other-writable. We verify
(never chown) the parents — chowning /usr/local would break a real Homebrew —
so an unsafe chain is a clean, actionable refusal. Run it BEFORE the chown of
BIN_DIR so the refusal path never re-chowns a pre-existing dir out from under
the user (keeps the never-half-configured contract). The group/other-write
mask uses explicit base-8 (8#22) so it is unambiguous in any shell.

Update docs/design/macos-self-install.md to describe the parent-chain check.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01N5V17TonZVXyeAjBJb7VXR
(cherry picked from commit 0acda3a616269bd2ad183f5978940cf1e51c44be)
---
 docs/design/macos-self-install.md       | 17 ++++++++------
 splitway-gui-tauri/scripts/bootstrap.sh | 30 +++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 40 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/design/macos-self-install.md b/docs/design/macos-self-install.md
index 7abd858..e46c9fc 100644
--- a/docs/design/macos-self-install.md
+++ b/docs/design/macos-self-install.md
@@ -62,13 +62,16 @@ no view-model field is added, so the bindings contract is untouched.
   apply-or-rollback bar the daemon itself holds). The `bootout`→`bootstrap`
   relaunch settles (polls the service record to gone) and retries the transient
   launchd race so a re-install does not intermittently leave the daemon stopped.
-- **The root daemon binary must live in a root-only-writable directory.** It is
-  installed to `/usr/local/bin` `root:wheel 0755`, and the installer **pins that
-  directory to `root:wheel 0755` and aborts if it cannot** — otherwise, on the
-  Homebrew-on-Intel layout where `/usr/local/bin` is admin-writable, a non-root
-  process could swap the binary and have the root LaunchDaemon exec it at the next
-  boot (a persistent local privilege escalation — the launchd "unsafe binary
-  location" anti-pattern).
+- **The root daemon binary must live in a fully root-owned path.** It is installed
+  to `/usr/local/bin` `root:wheel 0755`, and the installer **pins that directory to
+  `root:wheel 0755` and verifies every parent component up to `/` is root-owned and
+  not group/other-writable, aborting before it touches ownership if any link is
+  not** — otherwise, on the Homebrew-on-Intel layout where `/usr/local` (or
+  `/usr/local/bin`) is admin-writable, a non-root process could swap the binary —
+  or, since renaming a directory entry needs write access to its *parent*, rename
+  the pinned `bin` out from under us and drop in its own — and have the root
+  LaunchDaemon exec it at the next boot (a persistent local privilege escalation —
+  the launchd "unsafe binary location" anti-pattern).
 - **An independent LaunchDaemon, group-reachable socket.** The GUI runs as the
   desktop user, so it reaches the root daemon only through the opt-in socket group
   (`--socket-group splitway` → `/var/run/splitway` `0750 root:splitway`, socket
diff --git a/splitway-gui-tauri/scripts/bootstrap.sh b/splitway-gui-tauri/scripts/bootstrap.sh
index 711895a..2425264 100755
--- a/splitway-gui-tauri/scripts/bootstrap.sh
+++ b/splitway-gui-tauri/scripts/bootstrap.sh
@@ -36,6 +36,30 @@ readonly GROUP="splitway"
 log() { printf 'splitway-bootstrap: %s\n' "$*"; }
 die() { printf 'splitway-bootstrap: error: %s\n' "$*" >&2; exit 1; }
 
+# Walk every ancestor of $1 up to / and refuse unless each is root-owned and not
+# writable by group or other. Renaming or replacing a directory entry needs write
+# access to its PARENT, not to the entry itself — so pinning $BIN_DIR to
+# root:wheel is not enough: a single non-root-writable ancestor (e.g. /usr/local
+# left admin-owned by the Homebrew-on-Intel layout) still lets a non-root user
+# swap the directory out and have launchd exec their binary as root. We verify
+# (never chown) the parents: chowning /usr/local would break a real Homebrew, so
+# an unsafe chain is a hard refusal with an actionable message instead.
+assert_root_only_path() {
+    local dir="$1" owner perm
+    while :; do
+        owner="$(stat -f '%Su' "$dir" 2>/dev/null || true)"
+        perm="$(stat -f '%Lp' "$dir" 2>/dev/null || true)"
+        [ "$owner" = "root" ] || die "${dir} is owned by '${owner:-unknown}', not root; refusing — a non-root owner of an ancestor of ${BIN_DIR} could substitute the root-run daemon binary"
+        # 8#22 = group-write|other-write, base-8 on both operands so the mask is
+        # unambiguous regardless of leading-zero/octal shell quirks.
+        if [ -z "$perm" ] || [ "$(( 8#$perm & 8#22 ))" -ne 0 ]; then
+            die "${dir} (mode ${perm:-unknown}) is writable by group or other; refusing — a writable ancestor of ${BIN_DIR} lets a non-root user substitute the root-run daemon binary"
+        fi
+        [ "$dir" = "/" ] && break
+        dir="$(dirname "$dir")"
+    done
+}
+
 # --- install ---------------------------------------------------------------
 
 install_binaries() {
@@ -47,6 +71,12 @@ install_binaries() {
     # proceed if it cannot be made root-owned. BSD `install` has no -D, so the dir
     # is handled here.
     mkdir -p "$BIN_DIR"
+    # Verify the parent chain BEFORE touching ownership, so an unsafe layout (e.g.
+    # Homebrew-on-Intel's admin-owned /usr/local) is a clean refusal that has not
+    # already re-chowned a pre-existing $BIN_DIR out from under the user. A
+    # non-root-writable ancestor can rename/replace $BIN_DIR itself, so pinning it
+    # to root:wheel below is only sound once every parent is root-only.
+    assert_root_only_path "$(dirname "$BIN_DIR")"
     chown root:wheel "$BIN_DIR" || die "cannot make ${BIN_DIR} root-owned; refusing to install a root-run binary into a non-root-writable directory"
     chmod 755 "$BIN_DIR"
     local owner

From 5055580c3da774f7b74456e866e23182c30800ce Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: stslex <ilya977.077@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 27 Jun 2026 10:55:58 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 30/51] docs(gui-tauri): document the unsigned self-installer
 trust boundary (Codex P1)

Codex flagged that bootstrap.sh copies the bundled splitway-daemon into the
root-run /usr/local/bin without verifying the source, and suggested a compiled-in
hash or "require non-writable trusted resources". Both are ineffective in this
architecture, so this documents the trust boundary rather than adding an
in-bundle check that would give false assurance:

- CO-LOCATION (the load-bearing reason): bootstrap.sh ships in Contents/Resources
  beside the binaries it copies and is run AS ROOT by osascript. Whoever can swap
  splitway-daemon can equally rewrite or replace bootstrap.sh, defeating any
  in-script check (a compiled-in hash, a source-ownership/permission check) before
  it runs. This holds even for a narrower non-breaking source check.
- A root-owned-source check would also reject every supported location: a
  drag-installed .app is owned by the installing user, not root, in /Applications
  and ~/Applications alike.
- The DESTINATION side that root CAN soundly verify is already hardened
  (assert_root_only_path on every ancestor of /usr/local/bin). The sound
  source-side fix is OS-enforced (Developer-ID signing + notarization +
  SMAppService), already out of scope.

Add a "Trust boundary of the unsigned self-installer" section to
docs/design/macos-self-install.md and a SECURITY comment at the copy site so the
deliberate assumption is visible.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 docs/design/macos-self-install.md       | 66 +++++++++++++++++++++++++
 splitway-gui-tauri/scripts/bootstrap.sh | 19 +++++++
 2 files changed, 85 insertions(+)

diff --git a/docs/design/macos-self-install.md b/docs/design/macos-self-install.md
index e46c9fc..7a2045d 100644
--- a/docs/design/macos-self-install.md
+++ b/docs/design/macos-self-install.md
@@ -83,6 +83,72 @@ no view-model field is added, so the bindings contract is untouched.
   leaves the binaries, group, membership, and config — so a re-install needs no
   re-prompt. Full uninstall is a separate, later step.
 
+## Trust boundary of the unsigned self-installer
+
+The `.app` is unsigned and built locally, so there is no cryptographic anchor over
+the bundle. Authenticating the `osascript` prompt delegates root to whatever
+currently sits in `Contents/Resources`: `osascript` runs
+`/bin/bash <bundle>/Contents/Resources/bootstrap.sh install` **as root**, and
+`splitway-daemon` is copied from that same directory. Codex flagged that this
+copies a bundled binary into a root-run location without verifying it; the residual
+risk is real, but it is a categorical limitation of the unsigned model, not a
+fixable gap in the script — so it is documented here rather than papered over with
+an in-bundle check.
+
+- **No in-bundle integrity check is attempted, by design — the load-bearing
+  reason is co-location.** `bootstrap.sh` is co-located with, and exactly as
+  writable as, the binaries it copies (and the GUI binary in `Contents/MacOS`).
+  Any principal who can replace `splitway-daemon` can equally rewrite
+  `bootstrap.sh`, so a compiled-in hash or an in-script source check is defeated
+  by the same write access: the attacker edits out the check, or replaces the
+  whole script with a root payload that runs before any check. This holds even for
+  a *narrower, non-breaking* source check (e.g. "refuse if the source is
+  group/other-writable, or owned by a principal other than the console user/root"):
+  in the only cross-user state where it would fire, the less-privileged writer
+  authored `bootstrap.sh` too and just deletes the check; and in the same-user
+  TOCTOU case it is a no-op (owner == console user, path not world-writable → it
+  passes). The verifier cannot sit outside the writable bundle, so it offers no
+  protection against the only attacker who can trigger the bug.
+
+- **A root-owned-source check would additionally break the feature.** A
+  drag-installed bundle's contents are owned by the *installing user*, not root, in
+  `/Applications` and `~/Applications` alike (the property that lets apps
+  self-update without admin; Finder copy preserves source perms). So a
+  root-owned / not-group-or-other-writable source check would reject every
+  supported install location while still being bypassable via the co-located
+  script — hence it is not adopted.
+
+- **Location is part of the boundary, but does not close the same-user case.**
+  `/Applications` is `drwxrwxr-x root:admin` (0775): a non-admin "other" cannot
+  create/replace entries there, and a drag-installed bundle's contents are not
+  group/other-writable, so a *different* non-admin user cannot tamper. But bundle
+  contents are owned by the installing user **regardless of `/Applications` vs
+  `~/Applications`**, so same-user TOCTOU — code running as the user who clicks
+  Install, riding their single legitimate authentication — is location-independent.
+
+- **The destination side IS hardened.** `bootstrap.sh` pins `/usr/local/bin` to
+  `root:wheel 0755` and re-verifies its ownership, and `assert_root_only_path`
+  verifies every ancestor (`/usr/local` up to `/`) is root-owned and not
+  group/other-writable before install. The asymmetry with the source is
+  fundamental: the destination is a fixed system path that root can soundly check
+  (a non-root principal cannot touch it); the source is, by the feature's premise,
+  a freshly built/copied user-writable bundle with no root-only path to verify
+  against.
+
+- **The residual risk and its only sound fix.** A genuine local privilege
+  escalation remains where a *less-privileged* principal can write the bundle and a
+  *more-privileged* one authenticates: a non-admin user's writable `~/Applications`
+  bundle (or a world-writable shared dir such as `/tmp` or `/Users/Shared`, 1777)
+  that an admin later authorizes, or non-root malware running as the admin user
+  riding the install prompt. This is closed only by an OS-enforced root of trust —
+  Developer-ID signing + notarization + `SMAppService`, where the kernel verifies a
+  signature the attacker cannot forge and binds the privileged helper to the signed
+  app — listed under [Scope / out of scope](#scope--out-of-scope). Until then,
+  operational guidance: an admin should not authenticate an install of a
+  `Splitway.app` that lives where a less-privileged principal can write it; a
+  read-only distribution medium (a signed DMG/PKG) would also close in-place source
+  tampering but is itself out of current scope.
+
 ## The re-login gotcha — observed behavior
 
 macOS materializes a process's supplementary group set into its kernel credential
diff --git a/splitway-gui-tauri/scripts/bootstrap.sh b/splitway-gui-tauri/scripts/bootstrap.sh
index 2425264..1e69982 100755
--- a/splitway-gui-tauri/scripts/bootstrap.sh
+++ b/splitway-gui-tauri/scripts/bootstrap.sh
@@ -83,6 +83,25 @@ install_binaries() {
     owner="$(stat -f '%Su:%Sg' "$BIN_DIR")"
     [ "$owner" = "root:wheel" ] || die "${BIN_DIR} is ${owner}, not root:wheel; refusing to install a root-run binary there"
 
+    # SECURITY (trust boundary): the source binaries below are trusted BY
+    # ASSUMPTION, not verified here, and that is deliberate. No in-bundle integrity
+    # check (a compiled-in hash, an in-script source-permission or source-ownership
+    # check) is attempted, because:
+    #  1. CO-LOCATION: this script lives in Contents/Resources beside the very
+    #     binaries it copies (and beside the GUI binary in Contents/MacOS) and is
+    #     run AS ROOT by osascript. The same write access that could swap
+    #     splitway-daemon could edit the check out of THIS script, or replace the
+    #     whole script with a root payload, before any check runs — so a verifier
+    #     that cannot sit outside the writable bundle protects nothing against the
+    #     only attacker who can trigger the bug.
+    #  2. A root-owned-source check would also reject every supported location: a
+    #     drag-installed .app is owned by the installing user, not root, in
+    #     /Applications and ~/Applications alike.
+    # The DESTINATION is what root CAN soundly verify and IS hardened above
+    # (BIN_DIR pinned + re-checked, assert_root_only_path on every ancestor). The
+    # sound source-side fix is an OS-enforced root of trust (Developer-ID signing +
+    # notarization + SMAppService), out of scope. See docs/design/macos-self-install.md
+    # ("Trust boundary of the unsigned self-installer").
     local name src dst
     for name in splitway-daemon splitway; do
         src="${SELF_DIR}/${name}"

From eca3d2a08d52b562bcc044233b4f2d5f21c077d7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: stslex <ilya977.077@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 27 Jun 2026 13:01:55 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 31/51] docs(roadmap): fix design-doc links missing the docs/
 prefix (Codex P3)
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

ROADMAP.md linked [`docs/design/X.md`](design/X.md) — the target dropped the
docs/ prefix, so it resolved to a non-existent top-level design/ directory (a
dead link). Codex flagged the macos-self-install entry; the same bug was in
three sibling links (gui-core-extraction, tauri-mutations, tauri-design-window).
Fix all four so the targets match the displayed docs/design/ paths.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 ROADMAP.md | 8 ++++----
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/ROADMAP.md b/ROADMAP.md
index 095669d..b064de5 100644
--- a/ROADMAP.md
+++ b/ROADMAP.md
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ reimplemented per frontend:
 - **7a — `splitway-gui-core`** (done): extract the framework-agnostic GUI logic
   (the pure view-model **and** the truth-contract orchestration) into a crate
   depending on `splitway-shared` only, so both egui and the future Tauri backend
-  drive one `GuiCore`. See [`docs/design/gui-core-extraction.md`](design/gui-core-extraction.md).
+  drive one `GuiCore`. See [`docs/design/gui-core-extraction.md`](docs/design/gui-core-extraction.md).
 - **7b — Tauri shell + read-only view** (done): the `splitway-gui-tauri` backend
   hosts `GuiCore` and pushes the full view-model to a vanilla-TS frontend that
   renders it read-only (no mutations — those are 7c). gui-core gained `Verify`
@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ reimplemented per frontend:
   store. Frozen-on-malformed mutations are rejected with an on-disk-fix message
   and the frozen state is shown prominently. No protocol change (the verbs already
   exist at v6); egui stays a read/write reference, untouched. See
-  [`docs/design/tauri-mutations.md`](design/tauri-mutations.md).
+  [`docs/design/tauri-mutations.md`](docs/design/tauri-mutations.md).
 - **7d — visual design + window behavior** (done): the approved Variant B design as
   the real Tauri UI — full-window layout, the simplified interface-centric model
   (interface + domains; DNS auto-derived and shown read-only; no vpn-name/backend
@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ reimplemented per frontend:
   authorized additive protocol bump (v6 → **v7**): `StatusInfo.detected_dns` exposes
   the selected interface's detected DNS independent of apply state, so the DNS
   readout is honest in the empty/disabled states too. See
-  [`docs/design/tauri-design-window.md`](design/tauri-design-window.md). (Manual-DNS
+  [`docs/design/tauri-design-window.md`](docs/design/tauri-design-window.md). (Manual-DNS
   override — for VPNs that connect but push no DNS — is deferred as a real future
   daemon feature, not built here.)
 - **7d-2 — bundling**: Nix packaging (two-stage frontend + Rust, `wrapGAppsHook3`,
@@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ reimplemented per frontend:
   keep the truth contract (do the work → refresh-now → never touch the VM). Split
   from 7d-2 because its real proof — the built `.app` driving the live install on
   macOS — is machine-bound. See
-  [`docs/design/macos-self-install.md`](design/macos-self-install.md). (Homebrew —
+  [`docs/design/macos-self-install.md`](docs/design/macos-self-install.md). (Homebrew —
   installing the same `.app` + binaries, with no competing `service` block — is the
   next phase.)
 

From b59fc20a15e22ab757ba239f5af08a03182fb25f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: stslex <ilya977.077@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 27 Jun 2026 15:03:39 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 32/51] fix(gui-tauri): resolve symlinks when hardening the
 macOS install dir (Codex P2)
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

assert_root_only_path validated the LEXICAL parent of /usr/local/bin, so a
symlinked install dir (e.g. /usr/local/bin -> /Users/alice/bin) passed the check
while the real target lived in a user-writable tree — letting that user
rename/replace the target and have launchd exec their binary as root. The lexical
parent being root-only already stops a non-root user from swapping the symlink
itself; this closes the other half by resolving the physical path (cd && pwd -P)
and verifying the real target's ancestor chain too. A non-symlink layout resolves
to the same path, so the extra check is a no-op there. Design doc updated.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 docs/design/macos-self-install.md       |  7 ++++++-
 splitway-gui-tauri/scripts/bootstrap.sh | 11 +++++++++++
 2 files changed, 17 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/docs/design/macos-self-install.md b/docs/design/macos-self-install.md
index 7a2045d..7427239 100644
--- a/docs/design/macos-self-install.md
+++ b/docs/design/macos-self-install.md
@@ -71,7 +71,12 @@ no view-model field is added, so the bindings contract is untouched.
   or, since renaming a directory entry needs write access to its *parent*, rename
   the pinned `bin` out from under us and drop in its own — and have the root
   LaunchDaemon exec it at the next boot (a persistent local privilege escalation —
-  the launchd "unsafe binary location" anti-pattern).
+  the launchd "unsafe binary location" anti-pattern). The parent-chain check is
+  **lexical**, so it also resolves symlinks before trusting the result: a symlinked
+  `/usr/local/bin` (e.g. → `/Users/alice/bin`) would pass the lexical check while
+  the real target sits in a user-writable tree, so the installer additionally
+  verifies the physical target's ancestor chain (a non-symlink layout resolves to
+  the same path, so it is a no-op there).
 - **An independent LaunchDaemon, group-reachable socket.** The GUI runs as the
   desktop user, so it reaches the root daemon only through the opt-in socket group
   (`--socket-group splitway` → `/var/run/splitway` `0750 root:splitway`, socket
diff --git a/splitway-gui-tauri/scripts/bootstrap.sh b/splitway-gui-tauri/scripts/bootstrap.sh
index 1e69982..087f3df 100755
--- a/splitway-gui-tauri/scripts/bootstrap.sh
+++ b/splitway-gui-tauri/scripts/bootstrap.sh
@@ -77,6 +77,17 @@ install_binaries() {
     # non-root-writable ancestor can rename/replace $BIN_DIR itself, so pinning it
     # to root:wheel below is only sound once every parent is root-only.
     assert_root_only_path "$(dirname "$BIN_DIR")"
+    # ...then resolve symlinks before trusting that result: the check above is
+    # lexical, so a symlinked $BIN_DIR (e.g. /usr/local/bin -> /Users/alice/bin)
+    # would pass it while the REAL target lives in a user-writable tree — letting
+    # that user rename/replace the target and have launchd run it as root. The
+    # lexical parent being root-only (verified above) means a non-root user cannot
+    # swap the symlink itself; this closes the other half by verifying the physical
+    # target's ancestor chain too. On a normal (non-symlink) layout it resolves to
+    # the same path, so the extra check is a no-op.
+    local real_bin
+    real_bin="$(cd "$BIN_DIR" && pwd -P)" || die "cannot resolve the real path of ${BIN_DIR}"
+    [ "$real_bin" = "$BIN_DIR" ] || assert_root_only_path "$(dirname "$real_bin")"
     chown root:wheel "$BIN_DIR" || die "cannot make ${BIN_DIR} root-owned; refusing to install a root-run binary into a non-root-writable directory"
     chmod 755 "$BIN_DIR"
     local owner

From 3a27b7cfa96e3f265647eb449e7c3fac5664cd71 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: stslex <ilya977.077@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 27 Jun 2026 15:03:39 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 33/51] fix(gui-tauri): offer install/repair on the macOS
 PermissionDenied blocker (Codex P2)
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

The macOS PermissionDenied blocker assumed the in-app installer had run (user
added to the splitway group, just needs a re-login) and offered only sign-out
guidance. A user on the manual/sudo daemon — whose socket is root-only (no
--socket-group splitway) — also lands in PermissionDenied, where signing out can
never grant access; they were stuck with no path forward. The view-model can't
tell the two cases apart, so macOS now offers BOTH: the sign-out guidance and the
idempotent Install/repair action (re-running the installer migrates the manual
daemon to the group-reachable socket). Body reworded to be accurate for both
paths; stage test updated.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 splitway-gui-tauri/ui/src/render.ts      | 18 ++++++++++++------
 splitway-gui-tauri/ui/test/stage.test.ts |  7 +++++--
 2 files changed, 17 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/splitway-gui-tauri/ui/src/render.ts b/splitway-gui-tauri/ui/src/render.ts
index 5ac4a8c..60733e6 100644
--- a/splitway-gui-tauri/ui/src/render.ts
+++ b/splitway-gui-tauri/ui/src/render.ts
@@ -175,18 +175,24 @@ function notRunningBlocker(platform: HostPlatform): BlockerView {
   };
 }
 
-/** The `PermissionDenied` blocker. On macOS the installer already added the user
- *  to the `splitway` group, but macOS only applies new group access at login —
- *  so the remaining step is a sign-out, NOT a `usermod` (which is the wrong OS and
- *  already done). On Linux, keep the add-to-group command + re-login guidance. */
+/** The `PermissionDenied` blocker. On macOS there are two ways to land here:
+ *  (a) the in-app installer added the user to the `splitway` group and macOS only
+ *  applies new group access at login — so the remaining step is a sign-out (NOT a
+ *  `usermod`, which is the wrong OS and already done); or (b) the user set up the
+ *  manual/sudo daemon, whose socket is root-only (no `--socket-group splitway`),
+ *  where signing out cannot help and re-running the installer migrates the service
+ *  to the group-reachable socket. So macOS offers BOTH the sign-out guidance and
+ *  the (idempotent) Install/repair action, since the view-model cannot tell the
+ *  two cases apart. On Linux, keep the add-to-group command + re-login guidance. */
 function permissionDeniedBlocker(platform: HostPlatform): BlockerView {
   if (platform === "macos") {
     return {
       variant: "no-permission",
       tone: "warn",
-      title: "Almost done — sign out to finish",
-      body: "Splitway is installed and your account was added to the {} group. macOS only applies new group access at login, so sign out and back in (or restart) to start controlling routing.",
+      title: "Almost done — one more step",
+      body: "Splitway is running but your account can't reach it yet. If you installed it from this app, your account was added to the {} group — macOS applies new group access at login, so sign out and back in (or restart). If you set the service up manually, install the managed service below to grant access without sudo.",
       codeWord: "splitway",
+      action: { key: "install", label: "Install / repair the Splitway service" },
     };
   }
   return {
diff --git a/splitway-gui-tauri/ui/test/stage.test.ts b/splitway-gui-tauri/ui/test/stage.test.ts
index 46fe8a5..3cbbea8 100644
--- a/splitway-gui-tauri/ui/test/stage.test.ts
+++ b/splitway-gui-tauri/ui/test/stage.test.ts
@@ -104,13 +104,16 @@ test("Linux NotRunning keeps the systemctl command, no install action", () => {
   assert.equal(stage.blocker.action, undefined);
 });
 
-test("macOS PermissionDenied tells the user to sign out, not to run usermod", () => {
+test("macOS PermissionDenied gives sign-out guidance plus an install/repair action, not usermod", () => {
   const stage = stageFor(withHealth("PermissionDenied"), "macos");
   if (stage.kind !== "blocker") return assert.fail("expected a blocker");
   assert.equal(stage.blocker.variant, "no-permission");
-  // No usermod (wrong OS, already done); membership is already granted.
+  // No usermod (wrong OS); keep the sign-out guidance for the GUI-install path.
   assert.equal(stage.blocker.command, undefined);
   assert.match(stage.blocker.body, /sign out/i);
+  // ...and offer the idempotent install/repair action for the manual/sudo-daemon
+  // path (root-only socket), where signing out alone cannot grant GUI access.
+  assert.equal(stage.blocker.action?.key, "install");
 });
 
 test("Linux PermissionDenied keeps the usermod command", () => {

From 19b290fb46c319264c05fac16a023d7abdb5f513 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: stslex <ilya977.077@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 28 Jun 2026 00:22:30 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 34/51] =?UTF-8?q?feat(daemon):=20macOS=20DNS=20privacy=20?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=E2=80=94=20demote=20the=20hijacked=20default=20+=20scope=20cor?=
 =?UTF-8?q?p=20domains?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

The macOS backend only scoped the corp domains via /etc/resolver, which is
insufficient against a VPN client that hijacks the system *default* resolver
(corp DNS is the global default, scoped to no utun, so non-corp DNS would also
traverse the tunnel). This adds the missing demote, reaching DNS parity with
Linux: the corp resolver sees only the configured corp domains; everything else
resolves off-tunnel.

- Detection is rewritten to be structural and vendor-neutral: it reads the
  per-service DNS model (a service whose resolver differs from the physical
  link's is the VPN) instead of filtering `scutil --dns` by a utun. It reads the
  VPN signal from the VPN's own service, NOT the global default Splitway mutates,
  so our own demote cannot make detection oscillate.
- apply_rules demotes the primary service's DNS to an off-tunnel fallback (the
  physical interface's DHCP resolver, or a configured `fallback_dns` override),
  snapshotting the prior value to disk first; revert_rules restores it on every
  exit path. Transactional across scope+demote (a demote failure rolls back the
  scope); the on-disk snapshot survives an unclean exit.
- The state machine is decoupled from `vpn_name` on macOS via the existing
  reverts_globally() seam; Linux stays interface-keyed and unchanged.
- New seams (ScutilRunner, SnapshotStore) make the demote/restore wiring
  unit-testable without touching the live system; detection parsing + decision
  are pure. Tests use synthetic fixtures only.

DNS only — no IP-route manipulation (the client already splits IP; same boundary
as Linux). The GUI interface-picker becomes a benign no-op on macOS (removal is a
later GUI phase). Live packet/reconnect/revert acceptance is machine-bound and
verified separately.

See docs/design/macos-dns-privacy.md.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 ROADMAP.md                                    |  21 +
 docs/design/macos-dns-privacy.md              | 205 +++++++
 splitway-daemon/src/backend/linux/backend.rs  |   1 +
 splitway-daemon/src/backend/macos/backend.rs  | 213 ++++++-
 splitway-daemon/src/backend/macos/demote.rs   | 547 +++++++++++++++++
 splitway-daemon/src/backend/macos/mod.rs      |   1 +
 splitway-daemon/src/daemon/state.rs           | 225 ++++++-
 .../src/detector/linux/detector.rs            |   3 +
 .../src/detector/linux/openvpn/detector.rs    |   2 +
 .../src/detector/linux/openvpn/mgmt.rs        |   2 +
 .../src/detector/macos/detector.rs            | 136 ++++-
 splitway-daemon/src/detector/macos/mod.rs     |  18 +-
 splitway-daemon/src/detector/macos/parser.rs  | 575 ++++++++++++++----
 splitway-daemon/src/detector/macos/state.rs   | 125 ++--
 splitway-daemon/src/detector/macos/watch.rs   |  62 +-
 splitway-daemon/src/detector/mod.rs           |   9 +
 splitway-shared/src/config/mod.rs             |  14 +
 splitway-shared/src/platform.rs               |  15 +
 18 files changed, 1926 insertions(+), 248 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 docs/design/macos-dns-privacy.md
 create mode 100644 splitway-daemon/src/backend/macos/demote.rs

diff --git a/ROADMAP.md b/ROADMAP.md
index b064de5..200735e 100644
--- a/ROADMAP.md
+++ b/ROADMAP.md
@@ -244,6 +244,27 @@ reimplemented per frontend:
   [`docs/design/macos-self-install.md`](docs/design/macos-self-install.md). (Homebrew —
   installing the same `.app` + binaries, with no competing `service` block — is the
   next phase.)
+- **7d-4 — macOS DNS privacy (demote + scope)**: the macOS backend reaches DNS
+  parity with Linux. The previous backend only *scoped* the corp domains via
+  `/etc/resolver`; that is insufficient against a VPN client that hijacks the
+  system **default** resolver (the corp resolver is the global default, scoped to
+  no `utun`, so non-corp DNS would also traverse the tunnel). This phase adds the
+  **demote**: snapshot the primary network service's DNS, overwrite it with an
+  off-tunnel fallback (the physical interface's own DHCP resolver, or a
+  configured `fallback_dns` override), and restore it on every revert path —
+  transactional and reversible (an on-disk snapshot survives an unclean exit).
+  Detection is rewritten to be **structural and vendor-neutral**: it reads the
+  per-service DNS model (a service whose resolver differs from the physical
+  link's is the VPN) rather than filtering `scutil --dns` by a `utun` — and reads
+  the VPN signal from the VPN's *own* service, not the global default Splitway
+  mutates, so the demote does not cause detection to oscillate. The state machine
+  is decoupled from `vpn_name` on macOS (gated via `reverts_globally()`); Linux
+  stays interface-keyed and unchanged. DNS only — no IP-route manipulation (the
+  client already splits IP; same boundary as Linux). The GUI interface-picker
+  becomes a benign no-op on macOS (removal is a later GUI phase). Implementation +
+  synthetic-fixture tests land here; the live packet-level / reconnect / revert
+  acceptance is machine-bound and verified separately. See
+  [`docs/design/macos-dns-privacy.md`](docs/design/macos-dns-privacy.md).
 
 ### Phase 8 — feature freeze + hardening
 
diff --git a/docs/design/macos-dns-privacy.md b/docs/design/macos-dns-privacy.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5ef2c45
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/design/macos-dns-privacy.md
@@ -0,0 +1,205 @@
+# macOS DNS privacy — demote the hijacked default + scope the corp domains
+
+The macOS backend used to do only half of split-DNS: it wrote
+`/etc/resolver/<domain>` files so the configured corp domains resolve via the
+corp DNS. That is the **scope** half. It is sufficient only when the VPN client
+*scopes* its DNS to the tunnel. The observed corporate VPN does the opposite — a
+**global DNS hijack**: it registers the corp resolver as the system **default**,
+so every query that is *not* a configured corp domain would also go to the corp
+resolver, over the tunnel. That is the privacy leak Splitway exists to prevent.
+
+This phase adds the missing half — **demote** — so macOS reaches parity with the
+Linux build: the corp resolver sees only the configured corp domains; everything
+else leaves via the normal (physical) path and never traverses the tunnel.
+
+> **Detection is structural and vendor-neutral.** Nothing in the code, tests, or
+> this document names a VPN product or its services. Detection keys on the
+> *shape* of the DNS configuration (a service whose resolver differs from the
+> physical link's), never on a vendor string — so it generalises across clients.
+
+## What the established facts were (proven on the author's Mac)
+
+- **The corp resolver is the system default, not tunnel-scoped.** There is no
+  resolver scoped to any `utun`; the active tunnel `utun` index even varies
+  between sessions. So the previous interface-keyed detector (filter
+  `scutil --dns` by a chosen `utun`) found nothing, for any interface choice.
+- **Demote holds.** Overwriting the primary network service's `ServerAddresses`
+  to a different resolver stuck (the client did not re-assert in a tight loop).
+- **Demote is real, not cosmetic.** With the default demoted, no DNS for public
+  names traversed the tunnel — the client does not transparently intercept `:53`.
+- **`/etc/resolver/<domain>` is immune.** The client never touches those files; a
+  scoped resolver there takes precedence over the default for its domain.
+- **IP is already split by the client** — non-corp IPs route off-tunnel — so
+  Splitway does **no** IP-route manipulation on macOS (unlike Linux's
+  default-route demote). Splitway governs DNS only; see the boundary below.
+
+(Synthetic stand-ins used throughout: corp DNS `192.0.2.53`, physical DHCP DNS
+`198.51.100.1`, public-resolver override `203.0.113.9`, corp domains
+`corp.example.com` / `jira.corp.example.com`, interfaces `en0` / `utun0`.)
+
+## The mechanism: demote + scope, transactional and reversible
+
+On apply (VPN up, with corp domains configured), the macOS backend does both:
+
+1. **Scope** — write `/etc/resolver/<domain>` → corp DNS for each corp domain
+   (unchanged from before; on-tunnel, intended). Transactional: a mid-write
+   failure restores every file to its prior bytes.
+2. **Demote** — overwrite the primary network service's DNS
+   (`State:/Network/Service/<primary>/DNS` `ServerAddresses`) with an off-tunnel
+   **fallback** resolver, so non-corp DNS resolves off-tunnel. The prior value is
+   **snapshotted to disk first** so it can be restored exactly.
+
+Net effect: corp domains → corp DNS (on-tunnel); everything else → fallback DNS
+(off-tunnel, invisible to the corp resolver).
+
+The two steps are transactional **across both**: if the demote fails, the
+resolver scope just written is rolled back, so the system is never left
+half-changed (scoped but with the default still hijacked). The apply then
+surfaces the error rather than recording success.
+
+On revert (VPN down / disable / stop / shutdown) the backend removes every
+managed `/etc/resolver` file **and** restores the demoted default from the
+snapshot (then clears it). Restore runs on every exit path — the daemon already
+reverts on `SIGTERM` (what `launchctl bootout` sends).
+
+### The fallback resolver
+
+The off-tunnel fallback defaults to the **physical primary interface's own DHCP
+resolver** (the resolver that interface would use absent any override), which the
+detector discovers. A config override — `fallback_dns` in the daemon config —
+pins a specific public resolver instead (e.g. `["203.0.113.9"]`). The state
+machine folds the override (if set) over the detector's value before handing the
+effective fallback to the backend. The override is a root-config-file-only field
+(the GUI does not edit it — out of scope this phase).
+
+## Structural, vendor-neutral detection
+
+Detection reads the SystemConfiguration dynamic store (via `scutil` in script
+mode) and decides **structurally**:
+
+- the **primary interface** — `State:/Network/Global/IPv4` `PrimaryInterface`
+  (e.g. `en0`);
+- every network service's DNS entry — `State:/Network/Service/.*/DNS`
+  (`InterfaceName` + `ServerAddresses`).
+
+The **physical service** is the one bound to the primary interface; its resolver
+is the demote-target. A **VPN service** is any *other* service whose DNS differs
+from the physical resolver — i.e. a non-physical resolver is in play. VPN is
+**up** iff such a service exists; its resolver is the corp DNS. The decision is a
+set comparison (order-insensitive), and it never references a `utun` name or a
+vendor string.
+
+### Why detection reads per-service DNS, not `State:/Network/Global/DNS`
+
+This is load-bearing for stability. Splitway's *demote* overwrites the physical
+primary service's DNS, which changes the **global default**. A detector keyed on
+`State:/Network/Global/DNS` would therefore see the global default become the
+fallback the moment our demote took effect, conclude "no VPN" (global == the
+physical resolver), revert → the VPN's default returns → re-demote → **oscillation**.
+
+Reading the VPN's corp DNS from its *own* service entry — which our demote does
+**not** touch — keeps detection stable while the demote is in effect: the verdict
+is unchanged before and after our own write. A unit test
+(`detection_survives_our_own_demote_of_the_physical_service`) pins this.
+
+## Decoupling the state machine from `vpn_name` (macOS only)
+
+The state machine used to gate apply/revert on
+`info.interface_name == config.vpn_name`. On macOS there is no stable, DNS-scoped
+VPN interface to pin (the active `utun` varies), so that gate would never pass.
+The gate is now branched on the backend's existing `reverts_globally()` seam:
+
+- **global-revert backend (macOS)** → the interface gate is skipped; apply is
+  driven by the DNS-model detection the detector already decided. The advisory
+  `interface_name` rides along in `VpnInfo` but nothing keys on it.
+- **per-interface backend (Linux)** → unchanged: the gate still requires
+  `interface_name == vpn_name`.
+
+The same branch covers the two read-only projections that used the gate
+(`status().detected_dns` and `routing_state()`), so the macOS status readout is
+honest. Linux behaviour is byte-for-byte unchanged (its `MockBackend` defaults
+`reverts_globally` to false; all existing Linux state tests pass untouched).
+
+## Reconcile on event
+
+Reconnect / Wi-Fi toggle / sleep-wake / re-auth can re-install the corp default
+or change the physical DHCP resolver. The SCDynamicStore watch fires on the
+relevant DNS keys; the detector re-reads the model and re-emits `Up` whenever the
+corp DNS **or** the demote-target changed (the watcher dedups only genuine
+no-ops). The applied snapshot now also tracks the demote-target, so a change to
+it forces a re-apply (re-demote to the new fallback) rather than being treated as
+already converged. This is purely event-driven — no busy loop, no timer; one
+re-apply per genuine change.
+
+Because the observed client did **not** re-assert in a tight loop, no
+sub-second re-apply guard is needed; a re-assert that arrives as a DNS-key change
+is handled by the normal event path. The demote is idempotent (re-setting the
+same fallback), and the snapshot is captured only on the *first* demote, so a
+re-apply never overwrites the original prior state with our own fallback.
+
+## Reversibility (the operational-safety contract)
+
+- The pre-demote primary-service DNS is **snapshotted to disk** before the
+  overwrite (`/var/run/splitway/dns-demote.snapshot`), so an unclean exit — the
+  daemon `SIGKILL`ed between demote and a later revert — can still be undone on
+  the next start. The snapshot uses `atomic_write` (intact on a crash mid-write).
+- Restore rewrites exactly the snapshotted servers, or removes the key entirely
+  when the service had no explicit prior DNS (so SystemConfiguration repopulates
+  it from the real source), then clears the snapshot.
+- Every system-network mutation is captured-before-write and rolled back on any
+  failure path, mirroring the `/etc/resolver` apply's existing discipline — the
+  machine is never left with a broken or half-demoted resolver.
+
+## Testability
+
+All `scutil` contact goes through two seams so the logic is unit-tested without
+touching the live system:
+
+- detection parses the dynamic-store dumps with **pure** functions over the
+  synthetic-fixture dump shapes; the structural decision is a separate pure step;
+- the demote/restore go through an injected `ScutilRunner` (the real impl shells
+  out; tests inject a fake that **captures the exact script issued** and returns
+  canned state) and a `SnapshotStore` (real = on-disk; tests = in-memory). The
+  `apply_with` / `revert_with` wiring (including the rollback-on-demote-failure)
+  is tested with both seams faked.
+
+## Scope boundary — DNS only, not IP routing
+
+Splitway governs **DNS**, not IP routing. The observed client's split-tunnel
+already keeps non-corp **IP** traffic off the tunnel, so macOS does no route
+manipulation. A full-tunnel / include-routes VPN that carried IP traffic through
+the corp tunnel is **out of scope** (the same boundary as Linux): Splitway would
+still split the DNS, but the IP path is the VPN client's concern. This is
+deliberate and documented so the boundary is not mistaken for a gap.
+
+## What is not built here
+
+- **GUI changes** (interface-picker removal, a corp-domains / fallback-DNS UI) —
+  a later phase. The macOS daemon no longer depends on `vpn_name` for
+  correctness; the picker remains a benign no-op on macOS (the daemon
+  auto-detects and ignores a picked `vpn_name`). The state machine is strictly
+  daemon-side here.
+- **Homebrew packaging** — a later phase; nothing ships until the live
+  acceptance below passes.
+- **The live verification itself** — see below. This phase is implementation +
+  synthetic-fixture tests only.
+
+## Deferred — live acceptance (run on the real VPN, not in this phase)
+
+1. Packet-level, both interfaces, fresh random subdomains: public queries on the
+   physical interface, **zero on the tunnel**; a corp host still resolves (via
+   `/etc/resolver`).
+2. Event robustness: reconnect / Wi-Fi toggle / sleep-wake → the demote re-holds.
+3. Clean revert: stop / VPN-down restores the machine exactly as found.
+4. `status` / `verify` / `check <corp-host>` / `check <public-host>` report the
+   true state.
+
+## Links
+
+- [socket-group.md](socket-group.md) — the unprivileged-GUI access model.
+- [macos-self-install.md](macos-self-install.md) — how the macOS daemon is
+  installed/run (the privileged bootstrap this DNS work runs under).
+- [linux-default-route-catch-all.md](linux-default-route-catch-all.md) — the
+  Linux analogue (demote the link's DNS default-route so split-DNS holds).
+- [architecture.md](../architecture.md) — the truth contract and the DNS-only
+  boundary.
diff --git a/splitway-daemon/src/backend/linux/backend.rs b/splitway-daemon/src/backend/linux/backend.rs
index aa580b2..ca93170 100644
--- a/splitway-daemon/src/backend/linux/backend.rs
+++ b/splitway-daemon/src/backend/linux/backend.rs
@@ -307,6 +307,7 @@ mod tests {
         let info = VpnInfo {
             interface_name: "tun0".to_string(),
             dns_servers: Vec::new(),
+            demote_target: None,
         };
         let result = LinuxBackend.apply_rules(&info, &["corp.example.com".to_string()]);
         assert!(
diff --git a/splitway-daemon/src/backend/macos/backend.rs b/splitway-daemon/src/backend/macos/backend.rs
index 12ec67e..33d2fd9 100644
--- a/splitway-daemon/src/backend/macos/backend.rs
+++ b/splitway-daemon/src/backend/macos/backend.rs
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ use splitway_shared::config::atomic_write;
 use splitway_shared::ipc::{LinkDnsState, ResolutionInfo};
 use splitway_shared::platform::{DnsBackend, PlatformError, VpnInfo};
 
+use super::demote;
 use super::resolver::{is_managed, is_valid_domain, resolver_contents, resolver_path};
 use super::MacosBackend;
 
@@ -26,21 +27,29 @@ impl DnsBackend for MacosBackend {
                 "no DNS servers in VpnInfo".to_string(),
             ));
         }
-        apply_to_dir(Path::new(RESOLVER_DIR), &vpn_info.dns_servers, domains)?;
+        let fallback = vpn_info.demote_target.as_deref().filter(|f| !f.is_empty());
+        apply_with(
+            Path::new(RESOLVER_DIR),
+            &vpn_info.dns_servers,
+            domains,
+            fallback,
+            &demote::RealScutil,
+            &demote::FileSnapshotStore::new(),
+        )?;
         flush_dns_cache();
         Ok(())
     }
 
     fn revert_rules(&self, _interface: &str) -> Result<(), PlatformError> {
-        // There is no per-interface resolver state on macOS — resolver files
-        // are keyed by domain. Reverting removes every file we own.
-        let removed = remove_managed(Path::new(RESOLVER_DIR), None).map_err(|e| {
-            PlatformError::CommandFailed(format!("failed to remove resolver files: {e}"))
-        })?;
+        let removed = revert_with(
+            Path::new(RESOLVER_DIR),
+            &demote::RealScutil,
+            &demote::FileSnapshotStore::new(),
+        )?;
         if removed > 0 {
             flush_dns_cache();
         }
-        log::info!("reverted {removed} splitway resolver file(s)");
+        log::info!("reverted {removed} splitway resolver file(s) and restored any demoted default");
         Ok(())
     }
 
@@ -98,6 +107,64 @@ impl DnsBackend for MacosBackend {
     }
 }
 
+/// The apply pipeline, parameterized over the resolver dir and the demote seam
+/// so the scope+demote wiring is unit-testable without touching the live system.
+/// Two steps, transactional across both:
+///
+/// 1. **Scope** — `apply_to_dir` routes `domains` to `servers` via
+///    `/etc/resolver` (itself transactional; rolls back on any failure).
+/// 2. **Demote** — when `fallback` is `Some` (the VPN hijacked the system
+///    default), [`demote::demote`] sends non-corp DNS off-tunnel. If it fails,
+///    the resolver scope from step 1 is rolled back so the system is never left
+///    half-changed (scoped but with the default still hijacked), and the demote
+///    error is surfaced. The demote's own snapshot still lets a later revert
+///    restore the default even if this rollback is incomplete.
+fn apply_with(
+    dir: &Path,
+    servers: &[String],
+    domains: &[String],
+    fallback: Option<&[String]>,
+    scutil: &dyn demote::ScutilRunner,
+    snapshots: &dyn demote::SnapshotStore,
+) -> Result<(), PlatformError> {
+    apply_to_dir(dir, servers, domains)?;
+
+    if let Some(fallback) = fallback {
+        if let Err(e) = demote::demote(scutil, snapshots, fallback) {
+            // Undo the scope just written so no partial state remains.
+            if let Err(rollback_err) = remove_managed(dir, None) {
+                log::error!(
+                    "demote failed and rolling back the resolver scope also failed: {rollback_err}"
+                );
+            }
+            return Err(e);
+        }
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// The revert pipeline, parameterized over the resolver dir and the demote seam.
+/// Removes every managed `/etc/resolver` file AND restores any demoted system
+/// default from the on-disk snapshot. Returns the number of resolver files
+/// removed (so the caller can decide whether a cache flush is warranted).
+///
+/// The restore runs even when no resolver files were removed: a prior run may
+/// have demoted without (or after pruning) resolver files, and the snapshot is
+/// the record of record. A restore failure is surfaced (not swallowed) so the
+/// caller retries rather than recording a clean revert over a still-demoted
+/// default.
+fn revert_with(
+    dir: &Path,
+    scutil: &dyn demote::ScutilRunner,
+    snapshots: &dyn demote::SnapshotStore,
+) -> Result<usize, PlatformError> {
+    let removed = remove_managed(dir, None).map_err(|e| {
+        PlatformError::CommandFailed(format!("failed to remove resolver files: {e}"))
+    })?;
+    demote::restore(scutil, snapshots)?;
+    Ok(removed)
+}
+
 /// Prior on-disk state of a resolver file before this apply touched it, used to
 /// undo a failed apply.
 enum Prior {
@@ -373,6 +440,138 @@ mod tests {
         vec!["10.0.0.1".to_string(), "10.0.0.2".to_string()]
     }
 
+    // --- scope + demote wiring (apply_with / revert_with) --------------------
+    //
+    // These exercise the two-step pipeline with the demote seam faked, so they
+    // assert BOTH the /etc/resolver files written and the exact scutil script
+    // issued — without touching the live system.
+
+    use super::demote::test_support::{FakeScutil, MemSnapshots};
+
+    #[test]
+    fn apply_with_scopes_and_demotes_to_the_fallback() {
+        let dir = temp_dir("apply-with-demote");
+        let scutil = FakeScutil::up();
+        let snaps = MemSnapshots::default();
+        let corp = vec!["192.0.2.53".to_string()];
+        let fallback = vec!["198.51.100.1".to_string()];
+
+        apply_with(
+            &dir,
+            &corp,
+            &[
+                "corp.example.com".to_string(),
+                "jira.corp.example.com".to_string(),
+            ],
+            Some(&fallback),
+            &scutil,
+            &snaps,
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+
+        // Scope: a managed resolver file per corp domain, pointing at corp DNS.
+        for domain in ["corp.example.com", "jira.corp.example.com"] {
+            let body = fs::read_to_string(dir.join(domain)).unwrap();
+            assert!(is_managed(&body));
+            assert!(body.contains("nameserver 192.0.2.53"));
+        }
+        // Demote: exactly the set-fallback script on the primary service, and
+        // the prior default snapshotted for restore.
+        let scripts = scutil.scripts.borrow();
+        assert_eq!(scripts.len(), 1);
+        assert!(scripts[0].contains("d.add ServerAddresses * 198.51.100.1\n"));
+        assert!(scripts[0].contains("set State:/Network/Service/ABC/DNS\n"));
+        drop(scripts);
+        assert_eq!(
+            snaps.slot.borrow().as_ref().unwrap().prior_servers,
+            vec!["198.51.100.1".to_string()]
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn apply_with_no_fallback_scopes_only_no_demote() {
+        let dir = temp_dir("apply-scope-only");
+        let scutil = FakeScutil::up();
+        let snaps = MemSnapshots::default();
+        apply_with(
+            &dir,
+            &["192.0.2.53".to_string()],
+            &["corp.example.com".to_string()],
+            None,
+            &scutil,
+            &snaps,
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+        assert!(dir.join("corp.example.com").exists());
+        // No demote issued, nothing snapshotted.
+        assert!(scutil.scripts.borrow().is_empty());
+        assert!(snaps.slot.borrow().is_none());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn apply_with_rolls_back_the_scope_when_the_demote_fails() {
+        // Transactional across both steps: a demote failure must undo the
+        // resolver scope so the system is never left half-changed.
+        let dir = temp_dir("apply-rollback");
+        let mut scutil = FakeScutil::up();
+        scutil.fail_on_set = true;
+        let snaps = MemSnapshots::default();
+
+        let result = apply_with(
+            &dir,
+            &["192.0.2.53".to_string()],
+            &["corp.example.com".to_string()],
+            Some(&["198.51.100.1".to_string()]),
+            &scutil,
+            &snaps,
+        );
+        assert!(result.is_err(), "a demote failure fails the whole apply");
+        // The scope was rolled back — no managed resolver file remains.
+        assert!(
+            !dir.join("corp.example.com").exists(),
+            "the resolver scope must be rolled back on demote failure"
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn revert_with_removes_files_and_restores_the_default() {
+        let dir = temp_dir("revert-with");
+        let scutil = FakeScutil::up();
+        let snaps = MemSnapshots::default();
+        // Apply (scope + demote), then revert.
+        apply_with(
+            &dir,
+            &["192.0.2.53".to_string()],
+            &["corp.example.com".to_string()],
+            Some(&["198.51.100.1".to_string()]),
+            &scutil,
+            &snaps,
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+        scutil.scripts.borrow_mut().clear();
+
+        let removed = revert_with(&dir, &scutil, &snaps).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(removed, 1, "the one managed resolver file is removed");
+        assert!(!dir.join("corp.example.com").exists());
+        // The default was restored to the snapshotted prior servers, and the
+        // snapshot cleared.
+        let scripts = scutil.scripts.borrow();
+        assert_eq!(scripts.len(), 1);
+        assert!(scripts[0].contains("d.add ServerAddresses * 198.51.100.1\n"));
+        drop(scripts);
+        assert!(snaps.slot.borrow().is_none());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn revert_with_nothing_applied_is_a_clean_noop() {
+        let dir = temp_dir("revert-noop");
+        let scutil = FakeScutil::up();
+        let snaps = MemSnapshots::default();
+        let removed = revert_with(&dir, &scutil, &snaps).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(removed, 0);
+        assert!(scutil.scripts.borrow().is_empty());
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn apply_writes_one_marked_file_per_domain() {
         let dir = temp_dir("apply-writes");
diff --git a/splitway-daemon/src/backend/macos/demote.rs b/splitway-daemon/src/backend/macos/demote.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..da69d1d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/splitway-daemon/src/backend/macos/demote.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,547 @@
+//! Demoting a hijacked system **default** resolver so non-corp DNS resolves
+//! off-tunnel — the second half of macOS DNS privacy (the first half being the
+//! per-domain `/etc/resolver` scope in [`super::backend`]).
+//!
+//! # Why a demote is needed
+//!
+//! When the VPN client registers the corp resolver as the system *default*
+//! (rather than scoping it to the tunnel), every query that is **not** for a
+//! corp domain would otherwise go to the corp resolver, over the tunnel —
+//! exactly the privacy leak Splitway exists to prevent. Demoting overwrites the
+//! primary network service's `ServerAddresses` (the source of the global
+//! default) with an off-tunnel **fallback** resolver, so only the corp domains
+//! (pinned by the `/etc/resolver` files) reach the corp resolver.
+//!
+//! # Reversibility (the load-bearing property)
+//!
+//! The demote must never leave the machine with a broken or half-changed
+//! resolver. Before overwriting, the prior `ServerAddresses` is **snapshotted to
+//! disk** ([`SnapshotStore`]); restore rewrites exactly that. The snapshot lives
+//! on disk (not just in memory) so an unclean exit — the daemon SIGKILLed
+//! between demote and a later revert — can still be undone on the next start.
+//!
+//! # Testability
+//!
+//! All `scutil` contact goes through the [`ScutilRunner`] seam: the real impl
+//! shells out, tests inject a fake that *captures the exact script issued* and
+//! returns canned state, so the demote/restore logic is unit-tested without
+//! touching the live system. The script text itself is built by pure functions
+//! ([`build_set_dns_script`] / `build_*`) that are tested directly.
+
+use std::fs;
+use std::io::Write;
+use std::path::PathBuf;
+use std::process::{Command, Stdio};
+
+use splitway_shared::platform::PlatformError;
+
+/// The dynamic-store key holding the primary network service id we demote.
+const GLOBAL_IPV4_KEY: &str = "State:/Network/Global/IPv4";
+
+/// The snapshot file: the pre-demote primary-service DNS, captured so revert can
+/// restore it byte-for-byte even across an unclean daemon exit. Lives under the
+/// daemon's runtime dir (root-owned, like the socket).
+pub(super) const SNAPSHOT_PATH: &str = "/var/run/splitway/dns-demote.snapshot";
+
+/// A captured pre-demote state: which service was demoted and the
+/// `ServerAddresses` it had before. Serialised to [`SNAPSHOT_PATH`] as a tiny
+/// line-based format (no serde dependency pulled into the backend for one
+/// struct): first line = service key, remaining lines = one server each.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub(super) struct DemoteSnapshot {
+    /// The full `State:/Network/Service/<id>/DNS` key that was overwritten.
+    pub service_dns_key: String,
+    /// The `ServerAddresses` the service had before the demote (possibly empty
+    /// if the service carried no explicit servers — restore then clears ours).
+    pub prior_servers: Vec<String>,
+}
+
+impl DemoteSnapshot {
+    /// Serialise to the on-disk line format.
+    fn serialize(&self) -> String {
+        let mut out = String::new();
+        out.push_str(&self.service_dns_key);
+        out.push('\n');
+        for s in &self.prior_servers {
+            out.push_str(s);
+            out.push('\n');
+        }
+        out
+    }
+
+    /// Parse the on-disk line format. The first non-empty line is the key; the
+    /// rest are servers. Returns `None` for an empty/garbled snapshot.
+    fn deserialize(text: &str) -> Option<Self> {
+        let mut lines = text.lines().map(str::trim).filter(|l| !l.is_empty());
+        let service_dns_key = lines.next()?.to_string();
+        let prior_servers = lines.map(str::to_string).collect();
+        Some(DemoteSnapshot {
+            service_dns_key,
+            prior_servers,
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+/// The seam over `scutil`: read the bits the demote needs, and run a script.
+/// The real impl ([`RealScutil`]) shells out; tests inject a fake.
+pub(super) trait ScutilRunner {
+    /// The primary network service id from `State:/Network/Global/IPv4`'s
+    /// `PrimaryService`, or `None` if there is no primary service (offline).
+    fn primary_service(&self) -> Result<Option<String>, PlatformError>;
+
+    /// The current `ServerAddresses` of `State:/Network/Service/<id>/DNS`.
+    fn service_dns_servers(&self, service_dns_key: &str) -> Result<Vec<String>, PlatformError>;
+
+    /// Run a `scutil` script (the text piped to `scutil`'s stdin).
+    fn run_script(&self, script: &str) -> Result<(), PlatformError>;
+}
+
+/// Build the `scutil` script that sets `key`'s `ServerAddresses` to `servers`.
+/// Replacing only the value we manage; SearchDomains and the rest of the dict
+/// are not ours to keep — macOS repopulates a service's DNS dict from its source
+/// (DHCP / the VPN) on the next network change, and the corp split-DNS is held
+/// independently by the `/etc/resolver` files, so a minimal dict is sufficient
+/// and avoids copying state we did not author.
+pub(super) fn build_set_dns_script(key: &str, servers: &[String]) -> String {
+    let mut script = String::new();
+    script.push_str("open\n");
+    script.push_str("d.init\n");
+    if !servers.is_empty() {
+        script.push_str("d.add ServerAddresses *");
+        for s in servers {
+            script.push(' ');
+            script.push_str(s);
+        }
+        script.push('\n');
+    }
+    script.push_str(&format!("set {key}\n"));
+    script.push_str("quit\n");
+    script
+}
+
+/// Build the `scutil` script that removes `key` entirely (used on restore when
+/// the service had no prior explicit DNS — clearing ours lets SC repopulate the
+/// service's DNS from its real source).
+pub(super) fn build_remove_key_script(key: &str) -> String {
+    format!("open\nremove {key}\nquit\n")
+}
+
+/// The `State:/Network/Service/<id>/DNS` key for a service id.
+pub(super) fn service_dns_key(service_id: &str) -> String {
+    format!("State:/Network/Service/{service_id}/DNS")
+}
+
+/// The real `scutil`-backed [`ScutilRunner`].
+pub(super) struct RealScutil;
+
+impl ScutilRunner for RealScutil {
+    fn primary_service(&self) -> Result<Option<String>, PlatformError> {
+        let dump = run_scutil(&format!("show {GLOBAL_IPV4_KEY}\n"))?;
+        Ok(crate::detector::macos_parse_scalar_field(
+            &dump,
+            "PrimaryService",
+        ))
+    }
+
+    fn service_dns_servers(&self, service_dns_key: &str) -> Result<Vec<String>, PlatformError> {
+        let dump = run_scutil(&format!("show {service_dns_key}\n"))?;
+        Ok(crate::detector::macos_parse_array_field(
+            &dump,
+            "ServerAddresses",
+        ))
+    }
+
+    fn run_script(&self, script: &str) -> Result<(), PlatformError> {
+        run_scutil(script).map(|_| ())
+    }
+}
+
+/// Pipe `script` to `scutil`'s stdin and return its stdout.
+fn run_scutil(script: &str) -> Result<String, PlatformError> {
+    let mut child = Command::new("scutil")
+        .stdin(Stdio::piped())
+        .stdout(Stdio::piped())
+        .stderr(Stdio::piped())
+        .spawn()
+        .map_err(|e| PlatformError::CommandFailed(format!("failed to spawn scutil: {e}")))?;
+    {
+        let mut stdin = child.stdin.take().ok_or_else(|| {
+            PlatformError::CommandFailed("scutil stdin was not captured".to_string())
+        })?;
+        stdin
+            .write_all(script.as_bytes())
+            .map_err(|e| PlatformError::CommandFailed(format!("writing scutil script: {e}")))?;
+    }
+    let output = child
+        .wait_with_output()
+        .map_err(|e| PlatformError::CommandFailed(format!("waiting for scutil: {e}")))?;
+    if !output.status.success() {
+        return Err(PlatformError::CommandFailed(format!(
+            "scutil exited with {}: {}",
+            output.status,
+            String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stderr).trim()
+        )));
+    }
+    Ok(String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stdout).into_owned())
+}
+
+/// Reads/writes the on-disk demote snapshot. A trait so tests inject a temp-dir
+/// store; the real impl uses [`SNAPSHOT_PATH`].
+pub(super) trait SnapshotStore {
+    fn load(&self) -> Option<DemoteSnapshot>;
+    fn save(&self, snapshot: &DemoteSnapshot) -> Result<(), PlatformError>;
+    fn clear(&self);
+}
+
+/// The real on-disk snapshot store at [`SNAPSHOT_PATH`].
+pub(super) struct FileSnapshotStore {
+    path: PathBuf,
+}
+
+impl FileSnapshotStore {
+    pub(super) fn new() -> Self {
+        FileSnapshotStore {
+            path: PathBuf::from(SNAPSHOT_PATH),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl SnapshotStore for FileSnapshotStore {
+    fn load(&self) -> Option<DemoteSnapshot> {
+        let text = fs::read_to_string(&self.path).ok()?;
+        DemoteSnapshot::deserialize(&text)
+    }
+
+    fn save(&self, snapshot: &DemoteSnapshot) -> Result<(), PlatformError> {
+        if let Some(parent) = self.path.parent() {
+            fs::create_dir_all(parent).map_err(|e| {
+                PlatformError::CommandFailed(format!(
+                    "creating snapshot dir {}: {e}",
+                    parent.display()
+                ))
+            })?;
+        }
+        // atomic_write keeps the snapshot intact on a crash mid-write.
+        splitway_shared::config::atomic_write(&self.path, snapshot.serialize().as_bytes())
+            .map_err(|e| PlatformError::CommandFailed(format!("writing demote snapshot: {e}")))
+    }
+
+    fn clear(&self) {
+        let _ = fs::remove_file(&self.path);
+    }
+}
+
+/// Demote the system default resolver to `fallback`, snapshotting the prior
+/// primary-service DNS first so [`restore`] can undo it. Idempotent: re-running
+/// with the same fallback is a no-op-equivalent (it re-sets the same servers);
+/// the snapshot is only captured on the *first* demote (when none exists), so a
+/// re-demote never overwrites the original prior state with our own fallback.
+///
+/// Returns `Ok(false)` (not an error) when there is no primary service to demote
+/// — the caller treats that as "nothing to do".
+pub(super) fn demote(
+    scutil: &dyn ScutilRunner,
+    snapshots: &dyn SnapshotStore,
+    fallback: &[String],
+) -> Result<bool, PlatformError> {
+    if fallback.is_empty() {
+        return Err(PlatformError::CommandFailed(
+            "refusing to demote the system default to an empty resolver set".to_string(),
+        ));
+    }
+    let Some(service_id) = scutil.primary_service()? else {
+        log::warn!("no primary network service; skipping default-DNS demote");
+        return Ok(false);
+    };
+    let key = service_dns_key(&service_id);
+
+    // Capture the prior state ONCE: only when no snapshot exists yet. A re-demote
+    // (reconcile re-apply) must not snapshot our own fallback as the "prior".
+    if snapshots.load().is_none() {
+        let prior_servers = scutil.service_dns_servers(&key)?;
+        snapshots.save(&DemoteSnapshot {
+            service_dns_key: key.clone(),
+            prior_servers,
+        })?;
+    }
+
+    scutil.run_script(&build_set_dns_script(&key, fallback))?;
+    log::info!("demoted the system default resolver to the off-tunnel fallback");
+    Ok(true)
+}
+
+/// Restore the demoted default from the snapshot, then clear it. If the prior
+/// service had explicit servers, set them back; if it had none, remove the key
+/// so SystemConfiguration repopulates the service's DNS from its real source.
+/// A missing snapshot is a clean no-op (nothing was demoted, or already
+/// restored). Always clears the snapshot on success so a later demote re-snaps.
+pub(super) fn restore(
+    scutil: &dyn ScutilRunner,
+    snapshots: &dyn SnapshotStore,
+) -> Result<(), PlatformError> {
+    let Some(snapshot) = snapshots.load() else {
+        return Ok(()); // nothing demoted
+    };
+    let script = if snapshot.prior_servers.is_empty() {
+        build_remove_key_script(&snapshot.service_dns_key)
+    } else {
+        build_set_dns_script(&snapshot.service_dns_key, &snapshot.prior_servers)
+    };
+    scutil.run_script(&script)?;
+    snapshots.clear();
+    log::info!("restored the system default resolver from the demote snapshot");
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Test doubles for the demote seam, shared by this module's tests and the
+/// backend's apply/revert wiring tests.
+#[cfg(test)]
+pub(super) mod test_support {
+    use super::*;
+    use std::cell::RefCell;
+
+    /// A fake `scutil` that captures every script run and returns canned state.
+    pub(in super::super) struct FakeScutil {
+        pub primary: Option<String>,
+        pub prior_servers: Vec<String>,
+        pub scripts: RefCell<Vec<String>>,
+        pub fail_on_set: bool,
+    }
+
+    impl FakeScutil {
+        /// A primary service exists with one prior resolver — the common case.
+        pub fn up() -> Self {
+            FakeScutil {
+                primary: Some("ABC".to_string()),
+                prior_servers: vec!["198.51.100.1".to_string()],
+                scripts: RefCell::new(Vec::new()),
+                fail_on_set: false,
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    impl ScutilRunner for FakeScutil {
+        fn primary_service(&self) -> Result<Option<String>, PlatformError> {
+            Ok(self.primary.clone())
+        }
+        fn service_dns_servers(&self, _key: &str) -> Result<Vec<String>, PlatformError> {
+            Ok(self.prior_servers.clone())
+        }
+        fn run_script(&self, script: &str) -> Result<(), PlatformError> {
+            if self.fail_on_set && script.contains("set ") {
+                return Err(PlatformError::CommandFailed("simulated set failure".into()));
+            }
+            self.scripts.borrow_mut().push(script.to_string());
+            Ok(())
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// An in-memory snapshot store for tests.
+    #[derive(Default)]
+    pub(in super::super) struct MemSnapshots {
+        pub slot: RefCell<Option<DemoteSnapshot>>,
+    }
+    impl SnapshotStore for MemSnapshots {
+        fn load(&self) -> Option<DemoteSnapshot> {
+            self.slot.borrow().clone()
+        }
+        fn save(&self, snapshot: &DemoteSnapshot) -> Result<(), PlatformError> {
+            *self.slot.borrow_mut() = Some(snapshot.clone());
+            Ok(())
+        }
+        fn clear(&self) {
+            *self.slot.borrow_mut() = None;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::test_support::{FakeScutil, MemSnapshots};
+    use super::*;
+
+    // --- pure script builders -------------------------------------------------
+
+    #[test]
+    fn set_dns_script_sets_server_addresses_for_the_key() {
+        let script = build_set_dns_script(
+            "State:/Network/Service/ABC/DNS",
+            &["198.51.100.1".to_string()],
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            script,
+            "open\n\
+             d.init\n\
+             d.add ServerAddresses * 198.51.100.1\n\
+             set State:/Network/Service/ABC/DNS\n\
+             quit\n"
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn set_dns_script_handles_multiple_servers() {
+        let script = build_set_dns_script(
+            "State:/Network/Service/ABC/DNS",
+            &["198.51.100.1".to_string(), "198.51.100.2".to_string()],
+        );
+        assert!(script.contains("d.add ServerAddresses * 198.51.100.1 198.51.100.2\n"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn set_dns_script_with_no_servers_omits_the_add() {
+        let script = build_set_dns_script("State:/Network/Service/ABC/DNS", &[]);
+        assert!(!script.contains("d.add"));
+        assert!(script.contains("set State:/Network/Service/ABC/DNS\n"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn remove_key_script_removes_the_key() {
+        assert_eq!(
+            build_remove_key_script("State:/Network/Service/ABC/DNS"),
+            "open\nremove State:/Network/Service/ABC/DNS\nquit\n"
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn service_dns_key_is_well_formed() {
+        assert_eq!(
+            service_dns_key("ABC-123"),
+            "State:/Network/Service/ABC-123/DNS"
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn snapshot_round_trips_through_disk_format() {
+        let snap = DemoteSnapshot {
+            service_dns_key: "State:/Network/Service/ABC/DNS".to_string(),
+            prior_servers: vec!["198.51.100.1".to_string(), "198.51.100.2".to_string()],
+        };
+        let parsed = DemoteSnapshot::deserialize(&snap.serialize()).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(parsed, snap);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn snapshot_round_trips_with_no_prior_servers() {
+        let snap = DemoteSnapshot {
+            service_dns_key: "State:/Network/Service/ABC/DNS".to_string(),
+            prior_servers: vec![],
+        };
+        let parsed = DemoteSnapshot::deserialize(&snap.serialize()).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(parsed, snap);
+    }
+
+    // --- demote / restore orchestration --------------------------------------
+
+    #[test]
+    fn demote_snapshots_prior_then_sets_the_fallback() {
+        let scutil = FakeScutil::up();
+        let snaps = MemSnapshots::default();
+        let did = demote(&scutil, &snaps, &["203.0.113.9".to_string()]).unwrap();
+        assert!(did);
+        // Prior state captured for the primary service.
+        assert_eq!(
+            snaps.load().unwrap(),
+            DemoteSnapshot {
+                service_dns_key: "State:/Network/Service/ABC/DNS".to_string(),
+                prior_servers: vec!["198.51.100.1".to_string()],
+            }
+        );
+        // Exactly one script issued: set the fallback on the primary service.
+        let scripts = scutil.scripts.borrow();
+        assert_eq!(scripts.len(), 1);
+        assert!(scripts[0].contains("d.add ServerAddresses * 203.0.113.9\n"));
+        assert!(scripts[0].contains("set State:/Network/Service/ABC/DNS\n"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn redemote_does_not_overwrite_the_original_snapshot() {
+        let scutil = FakeScutil::up();
+        let snaps = MemSnapshots::default();
+        demote(&scutil, &snaps, &["203.0.113.9".to_string()]).unwrap();
+        let after_first = snaps.load().unwrap();
+        // A second demote (reconcile re-apply) must keep the ORIGINAL prior, not
+        // snapshot our own fallback.
+        demote(&scutil, &snaps, &["203.0.113.9".to_string()]).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(snaps.load().unwrap(), after_first);
+        assert_eq!(
+            after_first.prior_servers,
+            vec!["198.51.100.1".to_string()],
+            "the snapshot must remain the real prior resolver, never our fallback"
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn demote_with_no_primary_service_is_a_clean_noop() {
+        let mut scutil = FakeScutil::up();
+        scutil.primary = None;
+        let snaps = MemSnapshots::default();
+        let did = demote(&scutil, &snaps, &["203.0.113.9".to_string()]).unwrap();
+        assert!(!did);
+        assert!(snaps.load().is_none());
+        assert!(scutil.scripts.borrow().is_empty());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn demote_to_empty_fallback_is_rejected() {
+        let scutil = FakeScutil::up();
+        let snaps = MemSnapshots::default();
+        assert!(demote(&scutil, &snaps, &[]).is_err());
+        // Nothing captured or issued on rejection.
+        assert!(snaps.load().is_none());
+        assert!(scutil.scripts.borrow().is_empty());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn restore_sets_prior_servers_and_clears_snapshot() {
+        let scutil = FakeScutil::up();
+        let snaps = MemSnapshots::default();
+        demote(&scutil, &snaps, &["203.0.113.9".to_string()]).unwrap();
+        scutil.scripts.borrow_mut().clear();
+
+        restore(&scutil, &snaps).unwrap();
+        // Restored the original servers...
+        let scripts = scutil.scripts.borrow();
+        assert_eq!(scripts.len(), 1);
+        assert!(scripts[0].contains("d.add ServerAddresses * 198.51.100.1\n"));
+        // ...and cleared the snapshot so a later demote re-snaps.
+        drop(scripts);
+        assert!(snaps.load().is_none());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn restore_removes_the_key_when_no_prior_servers() {
+        // A service with no explicit prior DNS: restore removes our override so
+        // SC repopulates from the real source, rather than pinning empty.
+        let mut scutil = FakeScutil::up();
+        scutil.prior_servers = vec![];
+        let snaps = MemSnapshots::default();
+        demote(&scutil, &snaps, &["203.0.113.9".to_string()]).unwrap();
+        scutil.scripts.borrow_mut().clear();
+
+        restore(&scutil, &snaps).unwrap();
+        let scripts = scutil.scripts.borrow();
+        assert_eq!(scripts.len(), 1);
+        assert!(scripts[0].starts_with("open\nremove State:/Network/Service/ABC/DNS\n"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn restore_with_no_snapshot_is_a_clean_noop() {
+        let scutil = FakeScutil::up();
+        let snaps = MemSnapshots::default();
+        restore(&scutil, &snaps).unwrap();
+        assert!(scutil.scripts.borrow().is_empty());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn demote_propagates_a_set_failure_after_snapshotting() {
+        // If the set fails, the snapshot is already on disk, so a later restore
+        // can still recover — the demote surfaces the error rather than masking.
+        let mut scutil = FakeScutil::up();
+        scutil.fail_on_set = true;
+        let snaps = MemSnapshots::default();
+        let result = demote(&scutil, &snaps, &["203.0.113.9".to_string()]);
+        assert!(result.is_err());
+        // Snapshot persisted so the half-done demote is recoverable on revert.
+        assert!(snaps.load().is_some());
+    }
+}
diff --git a/splitway-daemon/src/backend/macos/mod.rs b/splitway-daemon/src/backend/macos/mod.rs
index f23754d..50da20d 100644
--- a/splitway-daemon/src/backend/macos/mod.rs
+++ b/splitway-daemon/src/backend/macos/mod.rs
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 //! actual filesystem work lives in [`backend`].
 
 mod backend;
+mod demote;
 mod resolver;
 
 pub struct MacosBackend;
diff --git a/splitway-daemon/src/daemon/state.rs b/splitway-daemon/src/daemon/state.rs
index 7e19ad3..7d2a47b 100644
--- a/splitway-daemon/src/daemon/state.rs
+++ b/splitway-daemon/src/daemon/state.rs
@@ -132,12 +132,18 @@ pub enum StateCommand {
 /// A snapshot of what is currently applied to the system. Includes the DNS
 /// servers so that a VPN DNS rotation (same interface and domains, different
 /// servers) is seen as out-of-sync and re-applied rather than treated as
-/// already converged.
+/// already converged. Likewise includes the demote-target (macOS off-tunnel
+/// fallback) so a change to it — e.g. the physical DHCP resolver changing after
+/// a Wi-Fi switch — also forces a re-apply (re-demote to the new fallback)
+/// rather than being treated as converged. The demote-target is *not* part of
+/// the wire `AppliedInfo` projection (it is a backend-internal concern, no
+/// protocol change).
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
 struct Applied {
     interface: String,
     domains: Vec<String>,
     dns_servers: Vec<String>,
+    demote_target: Option<Vec<String>>,
 }
 
 /// Project the internal applied snapshot to its wire form. Defined once and used
@@ -349,20 +355,50 @@ impl StateMachine {
     /// never set (e.g. one an OpenVPN up-script installed). If a *prior* session
     /// had DNS and the new one does not, this reverts that prior session's rules.
     ///
-    /// The last event's interface must also match the configured `vpn_name`.
-    /// A config change that switches `vpn_name` resets `last_info`/`vpn_up` and
-    /// re-arms the watch (see [`Self::adopt_config`]), so the old interface is
-    /// reverted and the new watch resamples; `last_info.interface_name` therefore
-    /// matches `vpn_name` whenever the configured interface is up.
+    /// On interface-keyed backends (Linux) the last event's interface must also
+    /// match the configured `vpn_name`. A config change that switches `vpn_name`
+    /// resets `last_info`/`vpn_up` and re-arms the watch (see
+    /// [`Self::adopt_config`]), so the old interface is reverted and the new
+    /// watch resamples; `last_info.interface_name` therefore matches `vpn_name`
+    /// whenever the configured interface is up.
+    ///
+    /// On a **global-revert backend** (macOS) detection is driven by the system
+    /// DNS model, not an interface name — the VPN's DNS is the hijacked system
+    /// default, scoped to no `utun`, and the active tunnel index varies between
+    /// sessions. There the interface name is advisory and must NOT gate apply, so
+    /// this check is skipped (the backend gates on its own DNS-model signal).
+    /// Linux behaviour is unchanged.
+    fn interface_gate_passes(&self, info: &VpnInfo) -> bool {
+        if self.backend.reverts_globally() {
+            true
+        } else {
+            info.interface_name == self.config.vpn_name
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// The off-tunnel fallback resolver to fold into the `VpnInfo` handed to the
+    /// backend: the configured `fallback_dns` override if set, else the
+    /// detector-supplied `demote_target` (the physical interface's own DHCP
+    /// resolver). `None` on a backend/VPN that does not demote. The backend
+    /// applies the demote only when this is `Some(non-empty)`.
+    fn effective_demote_target(&self, info: &VpnInfo) -> Option<Vec<String>> {
+        match &self.config.fallback_dns {
+            Some(servers) if !servers.is_empty() => Some(servers.clone()),
+            _ => info.demote_target.clone(),
+        }
+    }
+
     fn desired(&self) -> Option<(VpnInfo, Vec<String>)> {
         let active = self.config.enabled && self.vpn_up && !self.config.vpn_hosts.is_empty();
         match &self.last_info {
             Some(info)
-                if active
-                    && !info.dns_servers.is_empty()
-                    && info.interface_name == self.config.vpn_name =>
+                if active && !info.dns_servers.is_empty() && self.interface_gate_passes(info) =>
             {
-                Some((info.clone(), self.config.vpn_hosts.clone()))
+                // Fold the configured fallback override (if any) into the
+                // demote-target so the backend receives the effective fallback.
+                let mut info = info.clone();
+                info.demote_target = self.effective_demote_target(&info);
+                Some((info, self.config.vpn_hosts.clone()))
             }
             _ => None,
         }
@@ -459,6 +495,9 @@ impl StateMachine {
                     interface: info.interface_name.clone(),
                     domains,
                     dns_servers: info.dns_servers.clone(),
+                    // Already folded with the `fallback_dns` override by
+                    // `desired()`; a change here forces a re-apply (re-demote).
+                    demote_target: info.demote_target.clone(),
                 };
                 // A matching snapshot only means "already converged" when the
                 // last apply/revert actually succeeded; after a failure the
@@ -700,16 +739,17 @@ impl StateMachine {
             // surfaced regardless of *apply* state so a client can show the
             // interface's resolver read-only (the DNS-auto model). Sourced from
             // the last detector reading, gated on (a) the interface still being
-            // up and (b) its name matching the configured `vpn_name` — the same
-            // guards `desired()`/`routing_state()` use. The `vpn_up` gate matters
-            // because a `Down` event only flips `vpn_up` and leaves `last_info`
-            // populated, so without it a disconnected VPN would keep reporting its
-            // last DNS as "detected". Empty when no interface is configured, it is
-            // down, or it pushes no DNS.
+            // up and (b) the interface gate — its name matching `vpn_name` on
+            // Linux, or always (DNS-model-driven) on macOS — the same guard
+            // `desired()`/`routing_state()` use. The `vpn_up` gate matters because
+            // a `Down` event only flips `vpn_up` and leaves `last_info` populated,
+            // so without it a disconnected VPN would keep reporting its last DNS
+            // as "detected". Empty when no interface is configured, it is down, or
+            // it pushes no DNS.
             detected_dns: self
                 .last_info
                 .as_ref()
-                .filter(|info| self.vpn_up && info.interface_name == self.config.vpn_name)
+                .filter(|info| self.vpn_up && self.interface_gate_passes(info))
                 .map(|info| info.dns_servers.clone())
                 .unwrap_or_default(),
             detector_health: self.detector_health.clone(),
@@ -757,11 +797,10 @@ impl StateMachine {
         if !self.vpn_up {
             return RoutingState::VpnDown;
         }
-        let has_vpn_dns = matches!(
-            &self.last_info,
-            Some(info)
-                if !info.dns_servers.is_empty() && info.interface_name == self.config.vpn_name
-        );
+        let has_vpn_dns = self
+            .last_info
+            .as_ref()
+            .is_some_and(|info| !info.dns_servers.is_empty() && self.interface_gate_passes(info));
         if !has_vpn_dns {
             return RoutingState::NoDnsFromVpn;
         }
@@ -1330,6 +1369,9 @@ mod tests {
     #[derive(Default)]
     struct MockBackend {
         applies: Mutex<Vec<(String, Vec<String>)>>,
+        /// The `demote_target` carried by each apply, in order — so tests can
+        /// assert the state machine folded in the `fallback_dns` override.
+        applied_demote_targets: Mutex<Vec<Option<Vec<String>>>>,
         reverts: Mutex<Vec<String>>,
         fail_apply: AtomicBool,
         fail_revert: AtomicBool,
@@ -1401,6 +1443,10 @@ mod tests {
                 .lock()
                 .unwrap()
                 .push((info.interface_name.clone(), domains.to_vec()));
+            self.applied_demote_targets
+                .lock()
+                .unwrap()
+                .push(info.demote_target.clone());
             Ok(())
         }
 
@@ -1529,6 +1575,7 @@ mod tests {
             Ok(VpnInfo {
                 interface_name: interface.to_string(),
                 dns_servers: vec!["10.0.0.1".to_string()],
+                demote_target: None,
             })
         }
 
@@ -1563,6 +1610,7 @@ mod tests {
                     .send(VpnEvent::Up(VpnInfo {
                         interface_name: iface,
                         dns_servers: vec!["10.0.0.1".to_string()],
+                        demote_target: None,
                     }))
                     .await;
                 // Then release on receiver drop, like NM/OpenVPN's `tx.closed()`.
@@ -1712,6 +1760,7 @@ mod tests {
             enabled,
             vpn_backend: config::VpnBackend::default(),
             openvpn: config::OpenVpnConfig::default(),
+            fallback_dns: None,
         }
     }
 
@@ -1719,6 +1768,17 @@ mod tests {
         VpnEvent::Up(VpnInfo {
             interface_name: interface.to_string(),
             dns_servers: vec!["10.0.0.1".to_string()],
+            demote_target: None,
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// A macOS-style Up: the detector reports a demote-target (the physical DHCP
+    /// resolver) alongside the corp DNS. `interface_name` is advisory there.
+    fn vpn_up_macos(interface: &str, demote_target: &[&str]) -> VpnEvent {
+        VpnEvent::Up(VpnInfo {
+            interface_name: interface.to_string(),
+            dns_servers: vec!["192.0.2.53".to_string()],
+            demote_target: Some(demote_target.iter().map(|s| s.to_string()).collect()),
         })
     }
 
@@ -1877,6 +1937,7 @@ mod tests {
         sm.on_event(VpnEvent::Up(VpnInfo {
             interface_name: "wg0".to_string(),
             dns_servers: vec!["10.9.9.9".to_string()],
+            demote_target: None,
         }))
         .await;
 
@@ -1974,6 +2035,7 @@ mod tests {
         sm.on_event(VpnEvent::Up(VpnInfo {
             interface_name: "wg0".to_string(),
             dns_servers: Vec::new(),
+            demote_target: None,
         }))
         .await;
 
@@ -2005,6 +2067,7 @@ mod tests {
         sm.on_event(VpnEvent::Up(VpnInfo {
             interface_name: "wg0".to_string(),
             dns_servers: Vec::new(),
+            demote_target: None,
         }))
         .await;
 
@@ -2045,6 +2108,7 @@ mod tests {
             enabled: true,
             vpn_backend: config::VpnBackend::default(),
             openvpn: config::OpenVpnConfig::default(),
+            fallback_dns: None,
         };
         sm.config_store.save(&new_cfg).unwrap();
         let resp = sm.on_request(Request::ReloadConfig).await;
@@ -2533,6 +2597,7 @@ mod tests {
         sm.on_event(VpnEvent::Up(VpnInfo {
             interface_name: "wg0".to_string(),
             dns_servers: Vec::new(),
+            demote_target: None,
         }))
         .await;
         assert_eq!(sm.routing_state(), RoutingState::NoDnsFromVpn);
@@ -3000,6 +3065,121 @@ mod tests {
         );
     }
 
+    // --- macOS DNS-privacy path: gate decoupled from vpn_name, demote folding -
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn global_revert_backend_applies_regardless_of_interface_name() {
+        // On macOS the VPN's interface is not a stable, DNS-scoped link, so the
+        // configured `vpn_name` must NOT gate apply. A global-revert backend with
+        // an Up whose advisory interface_name differs from `vpn_name` must still
+        // apply (driven by the DNS-model signal the detector already decided).
+        let backend = Arc::new(MockBackend::default());
+        backend.set_reverts_globally(true);
+        // config.vpn_name is "wg0" (the helper default), but the macOS Up carries
+        // an unrelated advisory interface name.
+        let mut sm = machine(
+            backend.clone(),
+            config(true, &["corp.example.com"]),
+            "macos-gate",
+        );
+
+        sm.on_event(vpn_up_macos("utun7", &["198.51.100.1"])).await;
+        assert!(
+            sm.applied.is_some(),
+            "macOS apply must not be gated on interface_name == vpn_name"
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            backend.applies.lock().unwrap().len(),
+            1,
+            "the corp domains are applied despite the interface-name mismatch"
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn linux_backend_still_gates_on_interface_name() {
+        // The Linux contract is unchanged: a per-interface backend (default,
+        // reverts_globally=false) still requires the Up's interface to match
+        // `vpn_name`, so a mismatched interface does NOT apply.
+        let backend = Arc::new(MockBackend::default()); // reverts_globally = false
+        let mut sm = machine(backend.clone(), config(true, &["a.com"]), "linux-gate");
+        // config.vpn_name == "wg0"; an Up on a different interface must not apply.
+        sm.on_event(vpn_up("wg1")).await;
+        assert!(
+            sm.applied.is_none(),
+            "Linux must still gate apply on interface_name == vpn_name"
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn macos_apply_uses_the_detector_demote_target_without_a_config_override() {
+        // With no `fallback_dns` override, the demote-target handed to the backend
+        // is the detector's (the physical DHCP resolver).
+        let backend = Arc::new(MockBackend::default());
+        backend.set_reverts_globally(true);
+        let mut sm = machine(
+            backend.clone(),
+            config(true, &["corp.example.com"]),
+            "macos-demote",
+        );
+
+        sm.on_event(vpn_up_macos("utun7", &["198.51.100.1"])).await;
+        assert_eq!(
+            backend.applied_demote_targets.lock().unwrap().as_slice(),
+            &[Some(vec!["198.51.100.1".to_string()])],
+            "without an override, the detector's demote-target is used"
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn macos_apply_folds_in_the_fallback_dns_config_override() {
+        // A configured `fallback_dns` override replaces the detector's
+        // demote-target in the VpnInfo handed to the backend.
+        let backend = Arc::new(MockBackend::default());
+        backend.set_reverts_globally(true);
+        let mut cfg = config(true, &["corp.example.com"]);
+        cfg.fallback_dns = Some(vec!["203.0.113.9".to_string()]);
+        let mut sm = machine(backend.clone(), cfg, "macos-override");
+
+        // The detector still reports 198.51.100.1, but the config override wins.
+        sm.on_event(vpn_up_macos("utun7", &["198.51.100.1"])).await;
+        assert_eq!(
+            backend.applied_demote_targets.lock().unwrap().as_slice(),
+            &[Some(vec!["203.0.113.9".to_string()])],
+            "the fallback_dns override must replace the detector's demote-target"
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn macos_reapplies_on_a_redetect_after_the_default_was_reasserted() {
+        // Reconcile-on-event: if the VPN re-asserts its default after a network
+        // change, the detector re-emits Up (the watch fires on the DNS change).
+        // A fresh Up must re-drive apply (the backend re-demotes), bounded — one
+        // re-apply per event, no busy loop (this is purely event-driven; there is
+        // no timer here). We model two Up events and assert two applies.
+        let backend = Arc::new(MockBackend::default());
+        backend.set_reverts_globally(true);
+        let mut sm = machine(
+            backend.clone(),
+            config(true, &["corp.example.com"]),
+            "macos-reapply",
+        );
+
+        sm.on_event(vpn_up_macos("utun7", &["198.51.100.1"])).await;
+        // A second Up with a CHANGED demote-target (e.g. Wi-Fi switched, new DHCP
+        // resolver) — the dedup upstream only forwards genuine changes, so the
+        // state machine sees a distinct event and re-applies with the new target.
+        sm.on_event(vpn_up_macos("utun7", &["198.51.100.9"])).await;
+        let targets = backend.applied_demote_targets.lock().unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(
+            targets.as_slice(),
+            &[
+                Some(vec!["198.51.100.1".to_string()]),
+                Some(vec!["198.51.100.9".to_string()]),
+            ],
+            "a re-detected change re-applies the demote with the new target"
+        );
+    }
+
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn watch_stream_ending_on_its_own_marks_detector_error() {
         // Regression for the review: `watch()` returning Ok does not mean the
@@ -3637,6 +3817,7 @@ mod tests {
             enabled: true,
             vpn_backend: config::VpnBackend::default(),
             openvpn: config::OpenVpnConfig::default(),
+            fallback_dns: None,
         };
         let sm = machine(backend.clone(), cfg, "verify-no-iface");
 
diff --git a/splitway-daemon/src/detector/linux/detector.rs b/splitway-daemon/src/detector/linux/detector.rs
index ed6b1b9..768be8c 100644
--- a/splitway-daemon/src/detector/linux/detector.rs
+++ b/splitway-daemon/src/detector/linux/detector.rs
@@ -232,6 +232,9 @@ impl VpnDetector for LinuxDetector {
         Ok(VpnInfo {
             interface_name: interface.to_string(),
             dns_servers,
+            // Linux scopes DNS per link (systemd-resolved); the system default
+            // is never hijacked, so no off-tunnel demote is needed.
+            demote_target: None,
         })
     }
 
diff --git a/splitway-daemon/src/detector/linux/openvpn/detector.rs b/splitway-daemon/src/detector/linux/openvpn/detector.rs
index eeb6ab0..b3d0028 100644
--- a/splitway-daemon/src/detector/linux/openvpn/detector.rs
+++ b/splitway-daemon/src/detector/linux/openvpn/detector.rs
@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@ impl VpnDetector for OpenVpnDetector {
         Ok(VpnInfo {
             interface_name: interface.to_string(),
             dns_servers,
+            // Linux scopes DNS per link; the default is not hijacked.
+            demote_target: None,
         })
     }
 
diff --git a/splitway-daemon/src/detector/linux/openvpn/mgmt.rs b/splitway-daemon/src/detector/linux/openvpn/mgmt.rs
index 0a7fdcc..f33f452 100644
--- a/splitway-daemon/src/detector/linux/openvpn/mgmt.rs
+++ b/splitway-daemon/src/detector/linux/openvpn/mgmt.rs
@@ -401,6 +401,8 @@ async fn handle_line(
             VpnEvent::Up(VpnInfo {
                 interface_name: interface.to_string(),
                 dns_servers: last_dns.clone(),
+                // Linux scopes DNS per link; the default is not hijacked.
+                demote_target: None,
             })
         }
         Transition::Down => {
diff --git a/splitway-daemon/src/detector/macos/detector.rs b/splitway-daemon/src/detector/macos/detector.rs
index 31f07e3..72622df 100644
--- a/splitway-daemon/src/detector/macos/detector.rs
+++ b/splitway-daemon/src/detector/macos/detector.rs
@@ -1,22 +1,39 @@
-//! Wires the macOS parser/watch to the [`VpnDetector`] trait.
+//! Wires the macOS structural DNS-model detection to the [`VpnDetector`] trait.
+//!
+//! The I/O here is deliberately thin: it shells `scutil` to dump the
+//! SystemConfiguration dynamic-store keys, hands the raw text to the pure
+//! [`parser`](super::parser) module, and runs the pure structural decision. All
+//! the logic (what counts as "VPN up", which resolver is the demote-target) is
+//! in the parser and unit-tested without a live system.
 
 use std::process::Command;
 
 use splitway_shared::platform::{PlatformError, VpnDetector, VpnEvent, VpnInfo};
 
-use super::parser::parse_scutil_dns;
+use super::parser::{
+    decide, parse_array_field, parse_scalar_field, Detected, DnsModel, ServiceDns,
+};
 use super::MacosDetector;
 
 impl VpnDetector for MacosDetector {
+    /// One-shot detection. The `interface` argument is **advisory on macOS**:
+    /// detection is driven by the system DNS model (which resolver is the
+    /// default vs. the physical interface's own), not by an interface name —
+    /// the active VPN tunnel is not reliably a named, DNS-scoped link here.
     fn detect(&self, interface: &str) -> Result<VpnInfo, PlatformError> {
-        let dns_servers = current_dns(interface)?;
-        if dns_servers.is_empty() {
-            return Err(PlatformError::VpnNotFound(interface.to_string()));
+        match current_vpn_state()? {
+            Detected::Up {
+                corp_dns,
+                demote_target,
+            } => Ok(VpnInfo {
+                // Advisory only — nothing keys on it on macOS. Report the
+                // configured name so status output stays recognisable.
+                interface_name: interface.to_string(),
+                dns_servers: corp_dns,
+                demote_target: Some(demote_target),
+            }),
+            Detected::Down => Err(PlatformError::VpnNotFound(interface.to_string())),
         }
-        Ok(VpnInfo {
-            interface_name: interface.to_string(),
-            dns_servers,
-        })
     }
 
     fn watch(
@@ -27,18 +44,101 @@ impl VpnDetector for MacosDetector {
     }
 }
 
-/// Read the DNS servers macOS currently associates with `interface` via
-/// `scutil --dns`. Returns an empty vec (not an error) when the interface has
-/// no resolver, so the watcher can treat that as "down". Shared by `detect`
-/// and the SCDynamicStore callback.
-pub(super) fn current_dns(interface: &str) -> Result<Vec<String>, PlatformError> {
-    let output = Command::new("scutil").arg("--dns").output()?;
+/// Read the system DNS model from the dynamic store and run the structural
+/// up/down decision. Shared by [`detect`](MacosDetector::detect) and the
+/// SCDynamicStore watch callback.
+///
+/// `Detected::Down` (not an error) means no VPN-imposed default — the watcher
+/// treats it as "down". A genuine `scutil` failure is an `Err` the caller may
+/// retry; "no override" is a normal, successful "nothing here".
+pub(super) fn current_vpn_state() -> Result<Detected, PlatformError> {
+    let model = read_dns_model()?;
+    Ok(decide(&model))
+}
+
+/// Assemble the [`DnsModel`] from the dynamic store via `scutil`: the primary
+/// interface plus every network service's DNS entry. Detection reads the
+/// **per-service** entries (not the mutable global default), so Splitway's own
+/// demote of the physical service does not make detection flip to "down".
+fn read_dns_model() -> Result<DnsModel, PlatformError> {
+    let global_ipv4_dump = scutil_show("State:/Network/Global/IPv4")?;
+    let primary_interface = parse_scalar_field(&global_ipv4_dump, "PrimaryInterface");
+
+    // Enumerate every per-service DNS key and read its InterfaceName + servers.
+    let listing = scutil_list("State:/Network/Service/.*/DNS")?;
+    let mut services = Vec::new();
+    for key in listing.lines().map(str::trim).filter(|l| !l.is_empty()) {
+        let dump = match scutil_show(key) {
+            Ok(dump) => dump,
+            // A key that vanished between list and show is skipped, not fatal.
+            Err(e) => {
+                log::debug!("reading {key} failed: {e}; skipping");
+                continue;
+            }
+        };
+        let servers = parse_array_field(&dump, "ServerAddresses");
+        if servers.is_empty() {
+            continue; // a service with no DNS contributes nothing
+        }
+        services.push(ServiceDns {
+            interface_name: parse_scalar_field(&dump, "InterfaceName"),
+            servers,
+        });
+    }
+
+    Ok(DnsModel {
+        primary_interface,
+        services,
+    })
+}
+
+/// Run `scutil` with a `show <key>` script over stdin and return the dump. A
+/// missing key makes `scutil` print `No such key` (not a process failure); the
+/// parser treats that as empty, so it is returned as-is rather than an error.
+fn scutil_show(key: &str) -> Result<String, PlatformError> {
+    scutil_script(&format!("show {key}\n"))
+}
+
+/// Run `scutil` with a `list <pattern>` script and return the matching keys,
+/// one per line.
+fn scutil_list(pattern: &str) -> Result<String, PlatformError> {
+    scutil_script(&format!("list {pattern}\n"))
+}
+
+/// Drive `scutil` in script mode by piping `script` (terminated by an implicit
+/// quit on EOF) to its stdin. Centralises the spawn + error mapping so the
+/// individual readers stay one-liners and the whole I/O surface is one function.
+fn scutil_script(script: &str) -> Result<String, PlatformError> {
+    use std::io::Write;
+    use std::process::Stdio;
+
+    let mut child = Command::new("scutil")
+        .stdin(Stdio::piped())
+        .stdout(Stdio::piped())
+        .stderr(Stdio::piped())
+        .spawn()
+        .map_err(|e| PlatformError::CommandFailed(format!("failed to spawn scutil: {e}")))?;
+
+    // Write the script, then drop stdin so scutil sees EOF and exits.
+    {
+        let stdin = child.stdin.take().ok_or_else(|| {
+            PlatformError::CommandFailed("scutil stdin was not captured".to_string())
+        })?;
+        let mut stdin = stdin;
+        stdin
+            .write_all(script.as_bytes())
+            .map_err(|e| PlatformError::CommandFailed(format!("writing scutil script: {e}")))?;
+    }
+
+    let output = child
+        .wait_with_output()
+        .map_err(|e| PlatformError::CommandFailed(format!("waiting for scutil: {e}")))?;
     if !output.status.success() {
         return Err(PlatformError::CommandFailed(format!(
-            "scutil --dns failed: {}",
+            "scutil exited with {}: {}",
+            output.status,
             String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stderr).trim()
         )));
     }
-    let stdout = String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stdout);
-    Ok(parse_scutil_dns(&stdout, interface))
+    Ok(String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stdout).into_owned())
 }
diff --git a/splitway-daemon/src/detector/macos/mod.rs b/splitway-daemon/src/detector/macos/mod.rs
index cb960c1..ac34ed3 100644
--- a/splitway-daemon/src/detector/macos/mod.rs
+++ b/splitway-daemon/src/detector/macos/mod.rs
@@ -1,13 +1,21 @@
-//! macOS VPN detector: reads per-interface DNS from `scutil --dns` and watches
-//! for changes via SCDynamicStore.
+//! macOS VPN detector: reads the SystemConfiguration DNS model from the dynamic
+//! store (via `scutil`) and decides VPN up/down **structurally** — is the system
+//! default resolver overridden by a non-physical (VPN) service? — rather than by
+//! an interface name. See [`parser`] for the rationale (a global-DNS-hijack VPN
+//! client scopes no resolver to any `utun`, so an interface-keyed read is blind).
 //!
-//! Mirrors the Linux split: [`parser`] (pure `scutil` parsing) and [`state`]
-//! (pure up/down mapping + dedup) are unit-tested; [`watch`] is the thin Core
-//! Foundation plumbing, and [`detector`] wires them to the `VpnDetector` trait.
+//! Mirrors the Linux split: [`parser`] (pure dynamic-store parsing + the up/down
+//! decision) and [`state`] (pure dedup + the initial-sample retry policy) are
+//! unit-tested; [`watch`] is the thin Core Foundation plumbing, and [`detector`]
+//! wires them to the `VpnDetector` trait and owns the `scutil` I/O.
 
 mod detector;
 mod parser;
 mod state;
 mod watch;
 
+/// Re-export the dynamic-store dump parsers for the macOS DNS backend's demote,
+/// which reads the same `scutil` dump shape (see [`crate::detector`]).
+pub(crate) use parser::{parse_array_field, parse_scalar_field};
+
 pub struct MacosDetector;
diff --git a/splitway-daemon/src/detector/macos/parser.rs b/splitway-daemon/src/detector/macos/parser.rs
index f64e701..8564f48 100644
--- a/splitway-daemon/src/detector/macos/parser.rs
+++ b/splitway-daemon/src/detector/macos/parser.rs
@@ -1,179 +1,488 @@
-//! Pure parsing of `scutil --dns` output — no I/O, unit tested.
+//! Pure parsing of the macOS SystemConfiguration DNS model — no I/O, unit
+//! tested. This is the structural, vendor-neutral core of macOS VPN detection.
+//!
+//! # Why not `scutil --dns`
+//!
+//! The original detector filtered `scutil --dns` by a chosen `utun*` interface.
+//! That fails against a VPN client that hijacks the system **default** resolver
+//! instead of scoping its DNS to the tunnel: there is then *no* resolver scoped
+//! to any `utun` (the active tunnel `utun` index even varies between sessions),
+//! so an interface-keyed read finds nothing. We instead read the SystemConfig
+//! dynamic store directly and decide structurally:
+//!
+//! - `State:/Network/Global/DNS` `ServerAddresses` — the current system default
+//!   resolver(s).
+//! - `State:/Network/Global/IPv4` `PrimaryInterface` — the physical primary
+//!   interface (e.g. `en0`).
+//! - the physical interface's *own* DHCP resolver — the resolver that interface
+//!   would use if the default were not overridden.
+//!
+//! If the global default differs from the physical interface's own DHCP
+//! resolver, the default has been overridden by a non-physical (VPN) service →
+//! **VPN is up**; the corp DNS is that global default, and the demote-target
+//! (where non-corp DNS should go, off-tunnel) is the physical DHCP resolver. The
+//! decision keys on this structural *difference*, never on any vendor/product
+//! string, so it generalises across VPN clients.
 
-/// Collect the DNS servers `scutil --dns` reports for `interface` (e.g.
-/// `utun3`), in order of first appearance and de-duplicated. Returns an empty
-/// vec when the interface has no resolver entry (the VPN is down).
+/// One network service's DNS entry, as read from `State:/Network/Service/<id>/DNS`.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub(super) struct ServiceDns {
+    /// The `InterfaceName` the service is bound to (e.g. `en0`), if present.
+    /// Used only to identify the *physical* service (the one on the primary
+    /// interface); a VPN service is identified structurally, not by name.
+    pub interface_name: Option<String>,
+    /// The service's `ServerAddresses`.
+    pub servers: Vec<String>,
+}
+
+/// The structural DNS picture read from the dynamic store, before the up/down
+/// decision. All fields are plain parsed data — the decision in [`decide`] is a
+/// separate pure step so both halves are independently testable.
 ///
-/// `scutil --dns` groups settings into `resolver #N` blocks; a block's owning
-/// interface is named in its `if_index : N (iface)` line, and its servers in
-/// `nameserver[i] : addr` lines. The interface's resolver typically appears in
-/// both the main and the "scoped queries" sections, so duplicates are expected
-/// and dropped.
-pub(super) fn parse_scutil_dns(output: &str, interface: &str) -> Vec<String> {
-    let mut servers: Vec<String> = Vec::new();
-    let mut block: Vec<String> = Vec::new();
-    let mut block_iface: Option<String> = None;
-
-    for line in output.lines() {
-        let line = line.trim();
-        if line.starts_with("resolver #") {
-            commit(&mut servers, &mut block, &block_iface, interface);
-            block_iface = None;
-        } else if let Some(rest) = line.strip_prefix("nameserver[") {
-            // `nameserver[0] : 10.0.0.1` — require the `[` so only real
-            // `nameserver[N]` keys match, never some other `nameserver*` key.
-            if let Some((_, value)) = rest.split_once(':') {
-                let ip = value.trim();
-                if !ip.is_empty() {
-                    block.push(ip.to_string());
-                }
+/// Detection is driven by the **per-service** entries, NOT by
+/// `State:/Network/Global/DNS`. That is deliberate: Splitway's own *demote*
+/// overwrites the primary (physical) service's DNS, which can change the global
+/// default — so a detector keyed on Global would flip to "down" the moment our
+/// demote took effect (Global == physical), then revert → the VPN re-asserts →
+/// re-demote → oscillation. Reading the VPN's corp DNS from its *own* service
+/// entry (which our demote does not touch) keeps detection stable while the
+/// demote is in effect.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Default, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub(super) struct DnsModel {
+    /// `State:/Network/Global/IPv4` `PrimaryInterface` (e.g. `en0`). `None` if
+    /// the key or field is absent (no primary network — effectively offline).
+    pub primary_interface: Option<String>,
+    /// Every network service's DNS entry (from the per-service DNS keys). The
+    /// physical service is the one whose `interface_name` is the primary
+    /// interface; a VPN service is one whose DNS differs from the physical
+    /// service's (a non-physical resolver is in play).
+    pub services: Vec<ServiceDns>,
+}
+
+/// The detector's verdict over a [`DnsModel`].
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub(super) enum Detected {
+    /// A non-physical (VPN) service is in play → VPN up. `corp_dns` is that
+    /// service's resolver (queries for the corp domains go here, on-tunnel);
+    /// `demote_target` is where non-corp DNS must be sent so it resolves
+    /// off-tunnel (the physical interface's own DHCP resolver).
+    Up {
+        corp_dns: Vec<String>,
+        demote_target: Vec<String>,
+    },
+    /// No non-physical service (or no primary network) → no VPN. Nothing to do.
+    Down,
+}
+
+/// Parse one `scutil` dictionary dump (the text emitted by `show <key>` /
+/// `get <key>` + `d.show`) and return the values of a named array key.
+///
+/// The dump form (placeholder values):
+/// ```text
+/// <dictionary> {
+///   ServerAddresses : <array> {
+///     0 : 192.0.2.53
+///     1 : 192.0.2.54
+///   }
+///   __CONFIGURATION_ID__ : Default: ...
+///   PrimaryInterface : en0
+/// }
+/// ```
+/// Returns the array elements in order (here for `ServerAddresses`:
+/// `["192.0.2.53", "192.0.2.54"]`). An absent key yields an empty vec.
+pub(crate) fn parse_array_field(dump: &str, field: &str) -> Vec<String> {
+    let mut values = Vec::new();
+    let mut in_array = false;
+    // The `<array>` opener line for the field we want, e.g.
+    // `ServerAddresses : <array> {`.
+    let opener = format!("{field} :");
+    for raw in dump.lines() {
+        let line = raw.trim();
+        if !in_array {
+            // Enter the array only for an exact `<field> : <array> {` opener, so
+            // a same-prefixed field (e.g. `ServerAddressesV6`) is not matched.
+            if line.starts_with(&opener) && line.contains("<array>") && line.ends_with('{') {
+                in_array = true;
             }
-        } else if let Some(rest) = line.strip_prefix("if_index") {
-            // `if_index : 14 (utun3)` — take the name inside the parentheses.
-            if let Some(name) = rest.split('(').nth(1).and_then(|s| s.split(')').next()) {
-                block_iface = Some(name.trim().to_string());
+            continue;
+        }
+        if line == "}" {
+            break; // end of the array
+        }
+        // Array element line: `<index> : <value>`. Keep the value verbatim
+        // (IPv6 with `::` and `%zone` stay intact via split_once on the FIRST
+        // colon only).
+        if let Some((idx, value)) = line.split_once(':') {
+            if idx.trim().chars().all(|c| c.is_ascii_digit()) && !idx.trim().is_empty() {
+                let v = value.trim();
+                if !v.is_empty() {
+                    values.push(v.to_string());
+                }
             }
         }
     }
-    commit(&mut servers, &mut block, &block_iface, interface);
-    servers
+    values
 }
 
-/// Fold the just-parsed block into `servers` if it belongs to `interface`,
-/// de-duplicating, then clear the block for the next one.
-fn commit(
-    servers: &mut Vec<String>,
-    block: &mut Vec<String>,
-    block_iface: &Option<String>,
-    interface: &str,
-) {
-    if block_iface.as_deref() == Some(interface) {
-        for ns in block.iter() {
-            if !servers.contains(ns) {
-                servers.push(ns.clone());
+/// Parse a scalar string field from a `scutil` dictionary dump, e.g.
+/// `PrimaryInterface : en0` → `Some("en0")`. Returns `None` if absent.
+pub(crate) fn parse_scalar_field(dump: &str, field: &str) -> Option<String> {
+    let opener = format!("{field} :");
+    for raw in dump.lines() {
+        let line = raw.trim();
+        if let Some(rest) = line.strip_prefix(&opener) {
+            // A scalar line is `Field : value`; reject the array opener form so
+            // `Foo : <array> {` is never read as the scalar string "<array> {".
+            let v = rest.trim();
+            if v.contains("<array>") || v.contains("<dictionary>") {
+                return None;
+            }
+            if !v.is_empty() {
+                return Some(v.to_string());
             }
         }
     }
-    block.clear();
+    None
+}
+
+/// The structural decision: is a non-physical (VPN) service in play? Pure over a
+/// fully-assembled [`DnsModel`], reading the **per-service** entries (not the
+/// mutable global default — see [`DnsModel`]).
+///
+/// The physical service is the one bound to the primary interface; its DNS is
+/// the demote-target. A **VPN service** is any *other* service that carries DNS
+/// differing from the physical service's. VPN is **up** iff such a service
+/// exists, and `corp_dns` is its resolver.
+///
+/// Edge cases, all → [`Detected::Down`] (no false-positive apply):
+/// - no primary interface (offline) — nothing to anchor on;
+/// - no physical service DNS found — cannot determine the demote-target, and a
+///   demote to nothing is worse than not applying, so stay conservative;
+/// - no non-physical service whose DNS differs from the physical — no VPN.
+pub(super) fn decide(model: &DnsModel) -> Detected {
+    // No primary network at all → nothing is in play.
+    let Some(primary) = model.primary_interface.as_deref() else {
+        return Detected::Down;
+    };
+
+    // The physical service: bound to the primary interface and carrying DNS.
+    // Its resolver is the demote-target (where non-corp DNS goes off-tunnel).
+    let physical_dns = model
+        .services
+        .iter()
+        .find(|s| s.interface_name.as_deref() == Some(primary) && !s.servers.is_empty())
+        .map(|s| &s.servers);
+    let Some(physical_dns) = physical_dns else {
+        // Without the physical resolver we cannot pick a safe demote-target.
+        return Detected::Down;
+    };
+
+    // A VPN service: any service whose DNS differs from the physical resolver
+    // (a non-physical resolver is in play). This signal is independent of the
+    // global default, so it survives our own demote of the physical service.
+    let vpn_dns = model
+        .services
+        .iter()
+        .filter(|s| !s.servers.is_empty())
+        .find(|s| !same_set(&s.servers, physical_dns))
+        .map(|s| &s.servers);
+
+    match vpn_dns {
+        Some(corp_dns) => Detected::Up {
+            corp_dns: corp_dns.clone(),
+            demote_target: physical_dns.clone(),
+        },
+        None => Detected::Down,
+    }
+}
+
+/// Order-insensitive equality of two resolver lists (treated as sets).
+fn same_set(a: &[String], b: &[String]) -> bool {
+    if a.len() != b.len() {
+        return false;
+    }
+    let mut a_sorted: Vec<&String> = a.iter().collect();
+    let mut b_sorted: Vec<&String> = b.iter().collect();
+    a_sorted.sort();
+    b_sorted.sort();
+    a_sorted == b_sorted
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
-    use super::parse_scutil_dns;
-
-    const SCUTIL: &str = "\
-DNS configuration
-
-resolver #1
-  search domain[0] : lan
-  nameserver[0] : 192.168.1.1
-  if_index : 4 (en0)
-  flags    : Request A records, Request AAAA records
-  reach    : 0x00000002 (Reachable)
-
-resolver #2
-  domain   : corp.example.com
-  nameserver[0] : 10.0.0.1
-  nameserver[1] : 10.0.0.2
-  if_index : 14 (utun3)
-  flags    : Request A records
-  order    : 102400
-
-DNS configuration (for scoped queries)
-
-resolver #1
-  nameserver[0] : 192.168.1.1
-  if_index : 4 (en0)
-  flags    : Scoped, Request A records
-
-resolver #2
-  nameserver[0] : 10.0.0.1
-  nameserver[1] : 10.0.0.2
-  if_index : 14 (utun3)
-  flags    : Scoped, Request A records
-";
-
-    #[test]
-    fn collects_vpn_interface_servers_deduped() {
-        // utun3 appears in both the main and scoped sections; dedup to one set,
-        // order preserved.
+    use super::*;
+
+    // The breaking shape (synthetic placeholders): the corp DNS is the system
+    // DEFAULT (no domain / no if_index), and the only scoped resolver is the
+    // physical interface — there is NO utun-scoped resolver. Mirrors a real
+    // global-DNS-hijack VPN client. Values are RFC 5737 placeholders.
+    const GLOBAL_DNS: &str = "\
+<dictionary> {
+  ServerAddresses : <array> {
+    0 : 192.0.2.53
+  }
+  __CONFIGURATION_ID__ : Default: vpn-service 0
+  SearchOrder : 50000
+}";
+
+    const GLOBAL_IPV4: &str = "\
+<dictionary> {
+  PrimaryInterface : en0
+  PrimaryService : 0AFE20D4-0000-0000-0000-PLACEHOLDER01
+  Router : 198.51.100.1
+}";
+
+    // The physical interface's own DHCP resolver — the demote-target source.
+    const PHYSICAL_DNS: &str = "\
+<dictionary> {
+  ServerAddresses : <array> {
+    0 : 198.51.100.1
+  }
+}";
+
+    #[test]
+    fn parses_server_addresses_array() {
         assert_eq!(
-            parse_scutil_dns(SCUTIL, "utun3"),
-            vec!["10.0.0.1".to_string(), "10.0.0.2".to_string()]
+            parse_array_field(GLOBAL_DNS, "ServerAddresses"),
+            vec!["192.0.2.53".to_string()]
         );
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn collects_other_interface_independently() {
+    fn parses_multiple_server_addresses_in_order() {
+        let dump = "\
+<dictionary> {
+  ServerAddresses : <array> {
+    0 : 192.0.2.53
+    1 : 192.0.2.54
+  }
+}";
         assert_eq!(
-            parse_scutil_dns(SCUTIL, "en0"),
-            vec!["192.168.1.1".to_string()]
+            parse_array_field(dump, "ServerAddresses"),
+            vec!["192.0.2.53".to_string(), "192.0.2.54".to_string()]
         );
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn absent_interface_yields_empty() {
-        assert!(parse_scutil_dns(SCUTIL, "utun9").is_empty());
-        assert!(parse_scutil_dns("", "utun3").is_empty());
+    fn array_field_absent_yields_empty() {
+        assert!(parse_array_field(GLOBAL_IPV4, "ServerAddresses").is_empty());
+        assert!(parse_array_field("", "ServerAddresses").is_empty());
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn nameservers_without_matching_if_index_are_ignored() {
-        // A block with servers but no if_index line is attributed to no
-        // interface, so nothing is collected.
-        let output = "resolver #1\n  nameserver[0] : 1.2.3.4\n";
-        assert!(parse_scutil_dns(output, "utun3").is_empty());
+    fn same_prefixed_array_field_is_not_matched() {
+        // A `ServerAddressesV6` array must not be read as `ServerAddresses`.
+        let dump = "\
+<dictionary> {
+  ServerAddressesV6 : <array> {
+    0 : 2001:db8::1
+  }
+}";
+        assert!(parse_array_field(dump, "ServerAddresses").is_empty());
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn attributes_when_if_index_is_the_last_line_of_the_block() {
-        // The buffering invariant: nameservers parsed before the if_index line
-        // are still attributed to the interface named by that later line.
-        let output = "\
-resolver #1
-  nameserver[0] : 10.0.0.1
-  nameserver[1] : 10.0.0.2
-  if_index : 14 (utun3)
-";
+    fn preserves_ipv6_values_intact() {
+        let dump = "\
+<dictionary> {
+  ServerAddresses : <array> {
+    0 : 2001:db8::1
+    1 : fe80::1%en0
+  }
+}";
         assert_eq!(
-            parse_scutil_dns(output, "utun3"),
-            vec!["10.0.0.1".to_string(), "10.0.0.2".to_string()]
+            parse_array_field(dump, "ServerAddresses"),
+            vec!["2001:db8::1".to_string(), "fe80::1%en0".to_string()]
         );
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn preserves_ipv6_and_double_digit_indices() {
-        // split_once(':') keeps the full IPv6 address (and %zone) intact, and
-        // double-digit nameserver indices parse like single-digit ones.
-        let output = "\
-resolver #1
-  nameserver[0] : 2001:db8::1
-  nameserver[1] : fe80::1%utun3
-  nameserver[10] : 10.0.0.1
-  if_index : 14 (utun3)
-";
+    fn parses_primary_interface_scalar() {
         assert_eq!(
-            parse_scutil_dns(output, "utun3"),
+            parse_scalar_field(GLOBAL_IPV4, "PrimaryInterface"),
+            Some("en0".to_string())
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn scalar_field_absent_yields_none() {
+        assert_eq!(parse_scalar_field(GLOBAL_DNS, "PrimaryInterface"), None);
+        assert_eq!(parse_scalar_field("", "PrimaryInterface"), None);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn scalar_field_does_not_misread_an_array_opener() {
+        // `ServerAddresses : <array> {` must not parse as the scalar "<array> {".
+        assert_eq!(parse_scalar_field(GLOBAL_DNS, "ServerAddresses"), None);
+    }
+
+    // --- the structural decision (per-service model) -------------------------
+
+    fn svc(iface: Option<&str>, servers: &[&str]) -> ServiceDns {
+        ServiceDns {
+            interface_name: iface.map(str::to_string),
+            servers: servers.iter().map(|s| s.to_string()).collect(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Build a model from a primary interface and a list of (iface, servers)
+    /// service entries.
+    fn model(primary: Option<&str>, services: Vec<ServiceDns>) -> DnsModel {
+        DnsModel {
+            primary_interface: primary.map(str::to_string),
+            services,
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn detects_up_when_a_service_differs_from_the_physical() {
+        // The breaking case: a (VPN) service carries corp DNS that differs from
+        // the physical en0 service's DHCP resolver.
+        let m = model(
+            Some("en0"),
             vec![
-                "2001:db8::1".to_string(),
-                "fe80::1%utun3".to_string(),
-                "10.0.0.1".to_string(),
-            ]
+                svc(Some("en0"), &["198.51.100.1"]), // physical DHCP
+                svc(Some("en0"), &["192.0.2.53"]),   // VPN's own service (corp)
+            ],
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            decide(&m),
+            Detected::Up {
+                corp_dns: vec!["192.0.2.53".to_string()],
+                demote_target: vec!["198.51.100.1".to_string()],
+            }
         );
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn interface_match_is_exact_not_substring() {
-        // utun3 must not match utun30.
-        let output = "\
-resolver #1
-  nameserver[0] : 10.0.0.1
-  if_index : 14 (utun30)
-";
-        assert!(parse_scutil_dns(output, "utun3").is_empty());
+    fn detection_survives_our_own_demote_of_the_physical_service() {
+        // After we demote, the PHYSICAL service's DNS is overwritten to the
+        // fallback (== its own DHCP resolver here). Detection must still see the
+        // VPN via its separate service entry — NOT flip to Down — so there is no
+        // oscillation. The physical service still reads 198.51.100.1; the VPN
+        // service still reads 192.0.2.53 → still Up, same verdict.
+        let m = model(
+            Some("en0"),
+            vec![
+                svc(Some("en0"), &["198.51.100.1"]), // physical (== demoted value)
+                svc(Some("en0"), &["192.0.2.53"]),   // VPN service unchanged
+            ],
+        );
         assert_eq!(
-            parse_scutil_dns(output, "utun30"),
-            vec!["10.0.0.1".to_string()]
+            decide(&m),
+            Detected::Up {
+                corp_dns: vec!["192.0.2.53".to_string()],
+                demote_target: vec!["198.51.100.1".to_string()],
+            }
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn detects_down_when_only_the_physical_service_exists() {
+        // No VPN: the only service with DNS is the physical interface's own.
+        let m = model(Some("en0"), vec![svc(Some("en0"), &["198.51.100.1"])]);
+        assert_eq!(decide(&m), Detected::Down);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn detects_down_when_offline_no_primary() {
+        let m = model(
+            None,
+            vec![
+                svc(Some("en0"), &["198.51.100.1"]),
+                svc(Some("en0"), &["192.0.2.53"]),
+            ],
+        );
+        assert_eq!(decide(&m), Detected::Down);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn detects_down_when_no_physical_service_dns_found() {
+        // The physical service carries no DNS (cannot pick a safe demote-target),
+        // even though some other service has DNS → conservative Down.
+        let m = model(
+            Some("en0"),
+            vec![
+                svc(Some("en0"), &[]),             // physical, no DNS
+                svc(Some("en0"), &["192.0.2.53"]), // some other service
+            ],
+        );
+        assert_eq!(decide(&m), Detected::Down);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn decision_is_order_insensitive() {
+        // A service whose DNS is the SAME set as physical (just reordered) is not
+        // a VPN → Down (no service differs from the physical resolver).
+        let m = model(
+            Some("en0"),
+            vec![
+                svc(Some("en0"), &["198.51.100.1", "198.51.100.2"]),
+                svc(Some("en0"), &["198.51.100.2", "198.51.100.1"]),
+            ],
+        );
+        assert_eq!(decide(&m), Detected::Down);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn decision_ignores_utun_interfaces_entirely() {
+        // Proof no `utun` is keyed on: the decision compares per-service DNS
+        // against the physical resolver, never a utun name. utun services with
+        // their own DNS that differs from physical still simply read as "a VPN
+        // service" structurally — by their DNS, not their name.
+        let m = model(
+            Some("en0"),
+            vec![
+                svc(Some("en0"), &["198.51.100.1"]),
+                // Whatever the tunnel interface is named (utun index varies), it
+                // is recognised by its differing DNS, not its name.
+                svc(Some("utun7"), &["192.0.2.53"]),
+            ],
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            decide(&m),
+            Detected::Up {
+                corp_dns: vec!["192.0.2.53".to_string()],
+                demote_target: vec!["198.51.100.1".to_string()],
+            }
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn full_fixture_parse_then_decide_is_up() {
+        // End-to-end over the real-form dumps: parse the primary interface and
+        // the two service DNS dicts, assemble the per-service model, decide → Up
+        // with corp=192.0.2.53, demote=198.51.100.1.
+        let primary = parse_scalar_field(GLOBAL_IPV4, "PrimaryInterface");
+        let physical = parse_array_field(PHYSICAL_DNS, "ServerAddresses");
+        // The VPN's own service DNS dump (corp resolver), same form as the others.
+        let vpn_service_dns = "\
+<dictionary> {
+  ServerAddresses : <array> {
+    0 : 192.0.2.53
+  }
+  InterfaceName : en0
+}";
+        let corp = parse_array_field(vpn_service_dns, "ServerAddresses");
+        let m = DnsModel {
+            primary_interface: primary,
+            services: vec![
+                ServiceDns {
+                    interface_name: Some("en0".to_string()),
+                    servers: physical,
+                },
+                ServiceDns {
+                    interface_name: Some("en0".to_string()),
+                    servers: corp,
+                },
+            ],
+        };
+        assert_eq!(
+            decide(&m),
+            Detected::Up {
+                corp_dns: vec!["192.0.2.53".to_string()],
+                demote_target: vec!["198.51.100.1".to_string()],
+            }
         );
     }
 }
diff --git a/splitway-daemon/src/detector/macos/state.rs b/splitway-daemon/src/detector/macos/state.rs
index 030347b..e49aa4c 100644
--- a/splitway-daemon/src/detector/macos/state.rs
+++ b/splitway-daemon/src/detector/macos/state.rs
@@ -3,29 +3,33 @@
 //! ([`sample_with_retry`]). Kept here, free of FFI/IO, so both are unit-tested.
 //!
 //! SCDynamicStore re-fires on every related change, so the [`Deduper`]
-//! suppresses samples that carry no new information. Unlike a plain up/down
-//! flag, it tracks the actual DNS server list: a VPN DNS rotation (still "up"
-//! but with different servers) is a real change and must be re-emitted, or the
-//! `/etc/resolver` files would keep pointing at stale servers.
+//! suppresses samples that carry no new information. It tracks the full detected
+//! state ([`Detected`]) — both the corp DNS *and* the demote-target — so a
+//! change to *either* (DNS rotation, or a new physical resolver after a Wi-Fi
+//! switch) is a real change and is re-emitted, while an identical re-sample is
+//! suppressed. Keying on the whole `Detected` (not just the servers) means a
+//! demote-target change is not silently dropped.
 
-/// What the watcher should do for a freshly-sampled DNS server list.
+use super::parser::Detected;
+
+/// What the watcher should do for a freshly-sampled detection result.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub(super) enum Emit {
-    /// Emit `Up` with the sampled servers (gained DNS, or the server set changed).
+    /// Emit `Up` (gained an override, or the corp DNS / demote-target changed).
     Up,
-    /// Emit `Down` (lost its DNS).
+    /// Emit `Down` (the override went away).
     Down,
     /// No change since the last emission — emit nothing.
     Nothing,
 }
 
-/// Tracks the last emitted DNS state so identical samples are suppressed while a
-/// changed server set still propagates.
+/// Tracks the last emitted detection so identical samples are suppressed while a
+/// changed state still propagates.
 #[derive(Debug, Default)]
 pub(super) struct Deduper {
-    /// `Some(servers)` = last emitted `Up` with these servers; `None` = last
+    /// `Some(detected)` = last emitted `Up` carrying this state; `None` = last
     /// emitted `Down` (or nothing emitted yet).
-    last: Option<Vec<String>>,
+    last: Option<Detected>,
 }
 
 /// How many times the post-arm initial sample reads `scutil` before giving up.
@@ -57,27 +61,35 @@ pub(super) fn sample_with_retry<T, E>(
 }
 
 impl Deduper {
-    /// Decide what to emit for the just-sampled `servers` (empty = the interface
-    /// is down), recording it as the new last-emitted state.
-    pub(super) fn decide(&mut self, servers: &[String]) -> Emit {
-        if servers.is_empty() {
-            if self.last.is_none() {
-                Emit::Nothing
-            } else {
-                self.last = None;
-                Emit::Down
+    /// Decide what to emit for the just-sampled detection, recording it as the
+    /// new last-emitted state. `Detected::Down` maps to a `Down` only if we were
+    /// previously `Up`; an unchanged `Up` is suppressed; any change to the
+    /// `Up` payload (corp DNS or demote-target) re-emits `Up`.
+    pub(super) fn decide(&mut self, detected: &Detected) -> Emit {
+        match detected {
+            Detected::Down => {
+                if self.last.is_none() {
+                    Emit::Nothing
+                } else {
+                    self.last = None;
+                    Emit::Down
+                }
+            }
+            up @ Detected::Up { .. } => {
+                if self.last.as_ref() == Some(up) {
+                    Emit::Nothing
+                } else {
+                    self.last = Some(up.clone());
+                    Emit::Up
+                }
             }
-        } else if self.last.as_deref() == Some(servers) {
-            Emit::Nothing
-        } else {
-            self.last = Some(servers.to_vec());
-            Emit::Up
         }
     }
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
+    use super::super::parser::Detected;
     use super::{sample_with_retry, Deduper, Emit};
     use std::cell::Cell;
 
@@ -85,6 +97,23 @@ mod tests {
         values.iter().map(|v| v.to_string()).collect()
     }
 
+    /// An `Up` detection with the given corp DNS and a fixed demote-target.
+    fn up(corp: &[&str]) -> Detected {
+        Detected::Up {
+            corp_dns: s(corp),
+            demote_target: s(&["198.51.100.1"]),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// An `Up` detection with an explicit demote-target (for the demote-change
+    /// test).
+    fn up_with(corp: &[&str], demote: &[&str]) -> Detected {
+        Detected::Up {
+            corp_dns: s(corp),
+            demote_target: s(demote),
+        }
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn retry_succeeds_on_first_try_without_pausing() {
         let pauses = Cell::new(0);
@@ -159,28 +188,48 @@ mod tests {
     #[test]
     fn first_up_then_identical_is_suppressed() {
         let mut dedup = Deduper::default();
-        assert_eq!(dedup.decide(&s(&["1.1.1.1"])), Emit::Up);
-        assert_eq!(dedup.decide(&s(&["1.1.1.1"])), Emit::Nothing);
+        assert_eq!(dedup.decide(&up(&["192.0.2.53"])), Emit::Up);
+        assert_eq!(dedup.decide(&up(&["192.0.2.53"])), Emit::Nothing);
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn down_emitted_only_when_previously_up() {
         let mut dedup = Deduper::default();
-        assert_eq!(dedup.decide(&s(&[])), Emit::Nothing); // never up -> nothing
-        assert_eq!(dedup.decide(&s(&["1.1.1.1"])), Emit::Up);
-        assert_eq!(dedup.decide(&s(&[])), Emit::Down);
-        assert_eq!(dedup.decide(&s(&[])), Emit::Nothing); // already down
-        assert_eq!(dedup.decide(&s(&["1.1.1.1"])), Emit::Up); // up again (last reset to None)
+        assert_eq!(dedup.decide(&Detected::Down), Emit::Nothing); // never up -> nothing
+        assert_eq!(dedup.decide(&up(&["192.0.2.53"])), Emit::Up);
+        assert_eq!(dedup.decide(&Detected::Down), Emit::Down);
+        assert_eq!(dedup.decide(&Detected::Down), Emit::Nothing); // already down
+        assert_eq!(dedup.decide(&up(&["192.0.2.53"])), Emit::Up); // up again (last reset to None)
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn dns_server_rotation_reemits_up() {
+    fn corp_dns_rotation_reemits_up() {
         let mut dedup = Deduper::default();
-        assert_eq!(dedup.decide(&s(&["1.1.1.1"])), Emit::Up);
-        // Still up, but the server changed: must re-emit, not suppress.
-        assert_eq!(dedup.decide(&s(&["2.2.2.2"])), Emit::Up);
-        assert_eq!(dedup.decide(&s(&["2.2.2.2"])), Emit::Nothing);
+        assert_eq!(dedup.decide(&up(&["192.0.2.53"])), Emit::Up);
+        // Still up, but the corp DNS changed: must re-emit, not suppress.
+        assert_eq!(dedup.decide(&up(&["192.0.2.54"])), Emit::Up);
+        assert_eq!(dedup.decide(&up(&["192.0.2.54"])), Emit::Nothing);
         // A different set (added server) is also a change.
-        assert_eq!(dedup.decide(&s(&["2.2.2.2", "3.3.3.3"])), Emit::Up);
+        assert_eq!(dedup.decide(&up(&["192.0.2.54", "192.0.2.55"])), Emit::Up);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn demote_target_change_reemits_up() {
+        // The demote-target (physical DHCP resolver) changing — e.g. after a
+        // Wi-Fi switch — is a real change even when the corp DNS is unchanged,
+        // so it must re-emit so the backend re-demotes to the new fallback.
+        let mut dedup = Deduper::default();
+        assert_eq!(
+            dedup.decide(&up_with(&["192.0.2.53"], &["198.51.100.1"])),
+            Emit::Up
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            dedup.decide(&up_with(&["192.0.2.53"], &["198.51.100.9"])),
+            Emit::Up
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            dedup.decide(&up_with(&["192.0.2.53"], &["198.51.100.9"])),
+            Emit::Nothing
+        );
     }
 }
diff --git a/splitway-daemon/src/detector/macos/watch.rs b/splitway-daemon/src/detector/macos/watch.rs
index 9233dd6..62477ae 100644
--- a/splitway-daemon/src/detector/macos/watch.rs
+++ b/splitway-daemon/src/detector/macos/watch.rs
@@ -48,7 +48,8 @@ use tokio::sync::mpsc::{self, Receiver, Sender};
 
 use splitway_shared::platform::{PlatformError, VpnEvent, VpnInfo};
 
-use super::detector::current_dns;
+use super::detector::current_vpn_state;
+use super::parser::Detected;
 use super::state::{sample_with_retry, Deduper, Emit, INITIAL_SAMPLE_ATTEMPTS};
 
 /// Delay between retries of the post-arm initial sample (see [`emit_initial`]).
@@ -99,9 +100,12 @@ fn run_watch(interface: String, tx: Sender<VpnEvent>) {
         }
     };
 
-    // Watch global DNS plus per-service DNS and per-interface IPv4 changes; any
-    // of these fires when a VPN comes up or goes down. The callback re-reads the
-    // full state, so over-broad keys only cost a redundant (deduped) read.
+    // Watch the per-service DNS and per-interface IPv4 keys (what detection now
+    // reads — see `parser`), plus global DNS as an extra trigger; any of these
+    // fires when a VPN comes up or goes down. The callback re-reads the full
+    // model and dedups, so over-broad keys (and the callback our own demote of a
+    // service's DNS triggers) only cost a redundant, suppressed read — never a
+    // spurious state change.
     let keys: CFArray<CFString> =
         CFArray::from_CFTypes(&[CFString::from_static_string("State:/Network/Global/DNS")]);
     let patterns: CFArray<CFString> = CFArray::from_CFTypes(&[
@@ -164,18 +168,18 @@ fn on_change(_store: SCDynamicStore, _changed_keys: CFArray<CFString>, ctx: &mut
     }
 }
 
-/// Steady-state callback path: read the interface's current DNS, decide whether
-/// it represents a new state, and send the corresponding event. Returns `false`
+/// Steady-state callback path: read the current DNS model, decide whether it
+/// represents a new state, and send the corresponding event. Returns `false`
 /// if the receiver has been dropped.
 fn emit_current(interface: &str, tx: &Sender<VpnEvent>, dedup: &mut Deduper) -> bool {
-    match current_dns(interface) {
-        Ok(servers) => emit_servers(interface, tx, dedup, servers),
+    match current_vpn_state() {
+        Ok(detected) => emit_detected(interface, tx, dedup, detected),
         // A transient `scutil` failure is not "VPN down": keep the last known
         // state instead of emitting a spurious Down that would revert rules.
         // SCDynamicStore re-fires the callback on the next change, so a one-off
         // hiccup here recovers on its own.
         Err(e) => {
-            log::warn!("reading DNS for {interface} failed: {e}; keeping last state");
+            log::warn!("reading the DNS model failed: {e}; keeping last state");
             true
         }
     }
@@ -192,16 +196,14 @@ fn emit_current(interface: &str, tx: &Sender<VpnEvent>, dedup: &mut Deduper) ->
 /// notifications that fire during the retries are queued and delivered once the
 /// run loop starts, and the shared dedup prevents a double-emit.
 fn emit_initial(interface: &str, tx: &Sender<VpnEvent>, dedup: &mut Deduper) -> bool {
-    let sample = sample_with_retry(
-        INITIAL_SAMPLE_ATTEMPTS,
-        || current_dns(interface),
-        || std::thread::sleep(INITIAL_SAMPLE_RETRY_DELAY),
-    );
+    let sample = sample_with_retry(INITIAL_SAMPLE_ATTEMPTS, current_vpn_state, || {
+        std::thread::sleep(INITIAL_SAMPLE_RETRY_DELAY)
+    });
     match sample {
-        Ok(servers) => emit_servers(interface, tx, dedup, servers),
+        Ok(detected) => emit_detected(interface, tx, dedup, detected),
         Err(e) => {
             log::error!(
-                "initial DNS read for {interface} failed after {INITIAL_SAMPLE_ATTEMPTS} \
+                "initial DNS-model read failed after {INITIAL_SAMPLE_ATTEMPTS} \
                  attempts: {e}; auto-apply will start on the next DNS/network change"
             );
             true // stay alive; a later notification can still recover
@@ -209,19 +211,29 @@ fn emit_initial(interface: &str, tx: &Sender<VpnEvent>, dedup: &mut Deduper) ->
     }
 }
 
-/// Dedup a freshly-read server list and send the resulting event. Returns
-/// `false` if the receiver has been dropped.
-fn emit_servers(
+/// Dedup a freshly-read detection and send the resulting event. Returns `false`
+/// if the receiver has been dropped. The `interface_name` carried in `Up` is
+/// advisory on macOS (nothing keys on it); the demote-target rides along so the
+/// backend can demote the hijacked default to it.
+fn emit_detected(
     interface: &str,
     tx: &Sender<VpnEvent>,
     dedup: &mut Deduper,
-    servers: Vec<String>,
+    detected: Detected,
 ) -> bool {
-    let event = match dedup.decide(&servers) {
-        Emit::Up => VpnEvent::Up(VpnInfo {
-            interface_name: interface.to_string(),
-            dns_servers: servers,
-        }),
+    let event = match dedup.decide(&detected) {
+        Emit::Up => match detected {
+            Detected::Up {
+                corp_dns,
+                demote_target,
+            } => VpnEvent::Up(VpnInfo {
+                interface_name: interface.to_string(),
+                dns_servers: corp_dns,
+                demote_target: Some(demote_target),
+            }),
+            // `decide` only returns `Up` for a `Detected::Up`.
+            Detected::Down => unreachable!("decide returned Up for a Down detection"),
+        },
         Emit::Down => VpnEvent::Down {
             interface_name: interface.to_string(),
         },
diff --git a/splitway-daemon/src/detector/mod.rs b/splitway-daemon/src/detector/mod.rs
index ed80726..1eb7531 100644
--- a/splitway-daemon/src/detector/mod.rs
+++ b/splitway-daemon/src/detector/mod.rs
@@ -4,6 +4,15 @@ mod linux;
 #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
 mod macos;
 
+/// Re-export the macOS dynamic-store dump parsers so the macOS DNS backend can
+/// reuse them for the demote (it reads the same `scutil` dump shape to find the
+/// primary service and its current DNS). Kept here, behind the platform gate, so
+/// the two macOS modules share one parser rather than duplicating it.
+#[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
+pub(crate) use macos::{
+    parse_array_field as macos_parse_array_field, parse_scalar_field as macos_parse_scalar_field,
+};
+
 #[cfg(target_os = "windows")]
 mod windows;
 
diff --git a/splitway-shared/src/config/mod.rs b/splitway-shared/src/config/mod.rs
index a16392e..1da1c92 100755
--- a/splitway-shared/src/config/mod.rs
+++ b/splitway-shared/src/config/mod.rs
@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@ pub fn create_empty_config_at(path: &Path) -> Result<(), ConfigParseError> {
         enabled: default_enabled(),
         vpn_backend: VpnBackend::default(),
         openvpn: OpenVpnConfig::default(),
+        fallback_dns: None,
     };
     save_config_to(path, &empty_config)
 }
@@ -228,6 +229,16 @@ pub struct LocalConfig {
     /// pre-3c configs parsing; ignored unless `vpn_backend = openvpn`.
     #[serde(default)]
     pub openvpn: OpenVpnConfig,
+    /// Optional override for the off-tunnel fallback resolver used on platforms
+    /// that demote a hijacked system default (macOS — see
+    /// [`crate::platform::VpnInfo::demote_target`]). `None` (the default, and
+    /// always on Linux) means "use the physical primary interface's own DHCP
+    /// resolver", which the detector discovers; `Some(servers)` pins a specific
+    /// public resolver (e.g. `["1.1.1.1"]`) for non-corp DNS instead. Ignored on
+    /// platforms that do not demote. `#[serde(default)]` keeps older configs
+    /// (without this field) parsing unchanged.
+    #[serde(default)]
+    pub fallback_dns: Option<Vec<String>>,
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
@@ -302,6 +313,8 @@ mod tests {
                 management: "127.0.0.1:7505".to_string(),
                 management_password_file: Some("/etc/splitway/mgmt.pass".to_string()),
             },
+            // A non-default value so the round-trip exercises the new field.
+            fallback_dns: Some(vec!["192.0.2.1".to_string()]),
         };
 
         let json = serde_json::to_string(&config).unwrap();
@@ -382,6 +395,7 @@ mod tests {
             enabled: true,
             vpn_backend: VpnBackend::default(),
             openvpn: OpenVpnConfig::default(),
+            fallback_dns: None,
         };
         save_config_to(&path, &config).unwrap();
         let loaded = load_config_from(&path).unwrap();
diff --git a/splitway-shared/src/platform.rs b/splitway-shared/src/platform.rs
index d1b34ab..319b808 100755
--- a/splitway-shared/src/platform.rs
+++ b/splitway-shared/src/platform.rs
@@ -24,6 +24,21 @@ pub enum PlatformError {
 pub struct VpnInfo {
     pub interface_name: String,
     pub dns_servers: Vec<String>,
+    /// The resolver to fall back to for *non*-routed (off-tunnel) DNS when the
+    /// VPN client has hijacked the system **default** resolver rather than
+    /// scoping its DNS to the tunnel interface (observed on macOS: the corp
+    /// resolver is registered as the global default, so every query — not just
+    /// corp ones — would otherwise traverse the tunnel).
+    ///
+    /// `Some(servers)` means the backend must, in addition to scoping the corp
+    /// domains, **demote** the system default to these servers so non-corp DNS
+    /// resolves off-tunnel. Typically the physical primary interface's own DHCP
+    /// resolver, surfaced by the detector that found the default was overridden.
+    ///
+    /// `None` (the Linux case, and macOS when no default override is detected)
+    /// means scope-only: the platform already keeps the default off-tunnel, so
+    /// no demote is needed. Additive — backends that ignore it are unaffected.
+    pub demote_target: Option<Vec<String>>,
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]

From d55eded84481cbef7bda9fd4bf683b12da658b57 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: stslex <ilya977.077@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 28 Jun 2026 00:27:38 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 35/51] fix(daemon): use jira.example.com so the scrub guard
 accepts the placeholder

The scrub guard's internal-TLD check (check #1 in scripts/check-no-leaked-infra.sh)
flags any label followed by `.corp` (e.g. `jira.corp`), so the placeholder
`jira.corp.example.com` tripped it in CI even though it is synthetic. Plain
`corp.example.com` is fine (corp is the leading label, no preceding label+dot).
Swap the second corp test domain to `jira.example.com`, which is equally
synthetic and passes the guard. Test/doc-only; no behavior change.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 docs/design/macos-dns-privacy.md             | 2 +-
 splitway-daemon/src/backend/macos/backend.rs | 4 ++--
 2 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/design/macos-dns-privacy.md b/docs/design/macos-dns-privacy.md
index 5ef2c45..37cce24 100644
--- a/docs/design/macos-dns-privacy.md
+++ b/docs/design/macos-dns-privacy.md
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ else leaves via the normal (physical) path and never traverses the tunnel.
 
 (Synthetic stand-ins used throughout: corp DNS `192.0.2.53`, physical DHCP DNS
 `198.51.100.1`, public-resolver override `203.0.113.9`, corp domains
-`corp.example.com` / `jira.corp.example.com`, interfaces `en0` / `utun0`.)
+`corp.example.com` / `jira.example.com`, interfaces `en0` / `utun0`.)
 
 ## The mechanism: demote + scope, transactional and reversible
 
diff --git a/splitway-daemon/src/backend/macos/backend.rs b/splitway-daemon/src/backend/macos/backend.rs
index 33d2fd9..f59c2d2 100644
--- a/splitway-daemon/src/backend/macos/backend.rs
+++ b/splitway-daemon/src/backend/macos/backend.rs
@@ -461,7 +461,7 @@ mod tests {
             &corp,
             &[
                 "corp.example.com".to_string(),
-                "jira.corp.example.com".to_string(),
+                "jira.example.com".to_string(),
             ],
             Some(&fallback),
             &scutil,
@@ -470,7 +470,7 @@ mod tests {
         .unwrap();
 
         // Scope: a managed resolver file per corp domain, pointing at corp DNS.
-        for domain in ["corp.example.com", "jira.corp.example.com"] {
+        for domain in ["corp.example.com", "jira.example.com"] {
             let body = fs::read_to_string(dir.join(domain)).unwrap();
             assert!(is_managed(&body));
             assert!(body.contains("nameserver 192.0.2.53"));

From 2ef6978c0db2f946aa879a4eec232056d56a994a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: stslex <ilya977.077@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 28 Jun 2026 00:54:29 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 36/51] fix(daemon): keep the demoted physical service
 identifiable + handle a primary-service change (Codex P1/P2)
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

Two correctness fixes from PR review of the macOS demote:

P1 — the demote rebuilt the primary service's DNS dict with `d.init` +
`ServerAddresses` only, dropping `InterfaceName`. The detector identified the
physical service by `InterfaceName == PrimaryInterface`, so the next detection
round after our own demote could fail to find the physical service (or pick the
VPN service if it also reported the primary interface), inverting corp/fallback
or undoing the demote — the exact oscillation the per-service model exists to
prevent. Now:
  - the demote re-adds the captured `InterfaceName` (`build_set_dns_script` takes
    it; the snapshot stores it);
  - detection anchors the physical service on the authoritative `PrimaryService`
    id (falling back to the interface name only when the id is unknown) and
    excludes it by id from the VPN-service search, so a VPN service that also
    reports the primary interface can never be mistaken for physical.

P2 — when the primary network service changes while the VPN stays up (e.g. Wi-Fi
→ Ethernet) and a snapshot already existed, `demote` skipped snapshotting the new
key but still overwrote it; a later `restore` only replayed the old snapshot,
leaving the new primary pinned to the fallback. Now a demote whose primary key
differs from the snapshot restores the old service first, then snapshots and
demotes the new one — exactly one service demoted at a time, none stranded.

Snapshot format gains a self-describing `<tag>\t<value>` form (key/iface/server)
so the optional interface line is unambiguous. New unit tests cover interface
preservation, service-id anchoring (incl. a VPN sharing the primary interface),
the interface-name fallback, and the primary-service-change restore-then-snapshot
path. Tests/synthetic-fixtures only; four Cargo checks + scrub green.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 docs/design/macos-dns-privacy.md              |  35 +-
 splitway-daemon/src/backend/macos/backend.rs  |   4 +-
 splitway-daemon/src/backend/macos/demote.rs   | 408 ++++++++++++++----
 .../src/detector/macos/detector.rs            |  43 +-
 splitway-daemon/src/detector/macos/parser.rs  | 211 ++++++---
 5 files changed, 543 insertions(+), 158 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/design/macos-dns-privacy.md b/docs/design/macos-dns-privacy.md
index 37cce24..19f9667 100644
--- a/docs/design/macos-dns-privacy.md
+++ b/docs/design/macos-dns-privacy.md
@@ -82,12 +82,23 @@ mode) and decides **structurally**:
 - every network service's DNS entry — `State:/Network/Service/.*/DNS`
   (`InterfaceName` + `ServerAddresses`).
 
-The **physical service** is the one bound to the primary interface; its resolver
-is the demote-target. A **VPN service** is any *other* service whose DNS differs
-from the physical resolver — i.e. a non-physical resolver is in play. VPN is
-**up** iff such a service exists; its resolver is the corp DNS. The decision is a
-set comparison (order-insensitive), and it never references a `utun` name or a
-vendor string.
+The **physical service** is anchored authoritatively by the **primary service
+id** (`State:/Network/Global/IPv4` `PrimaryService`), falling back to the primary
+interface name only when the id is unknown — because a VPN service can *also*
+report the primary interface name, so matching on the interface alone could pick
+the wrong service and invert corp/fallback. Its resolver is the demote-target. A
+**VPN service** is any service *other than the physical one* (compared by id)
+whose DNS differs from the physical resolver — i.e. a non-physical resolver is in
+play. VPN is **up** iff such a service exists; its resolver is the corp DNS. The
+decision is a set comparison (order-insensitive), and it never references a
+`utun` name or a vendor string.
+
+When Splitway demotes the physical service, it **re-adds that service's
+`InterfaceName`** (the demote write would otherwise drop it, since it rebuilds a
+minimal DNS dict). Keeping `InterfaceName` — and anchoring on the service id —
+means the physical service stays identifiable on the next detection round, so our
+own demote never makes detection lose the physical service (which would invert
+corp/fallback or undo the demote).
 
 ### Why detection reads per-service DNS, not `State:/Network/Global/DNS`
 
@@ -134,8 +145,16 @@ re-apply per genuine change.
 Because the observed client did **not** re-assert in a tight loop, no
 sub-second re-apply guard is needed; a re-assert that arrives as a DNS-key change
 is handled by the normal event path. The demote is idempotent (re-setting the
-same fallback), and the snapshot is captured only on the *first* demote, so a
-re-apply never overwrites the original prior state with our own fallback.
+same fallback), and the snapshot is captured only on the *first* demote of a
+given service, so a re-apply never overwrites the original prior state with our
+own fallback.
+
+**Primary-service change.** If the primary network service itself changes while
+the VPN stays up (e.g. Wi-Fi → Ethernet) and a demote snapshot already exists for
+the *old* service, the demote first **restores the old service** from its
+snapshot (so it is not left pinned to Splitway's fallback), then snapshots and
+demotes the new primary. Exactly one service is ever demoted at a time, and no
+previous primary is stranded on the fallback.
 
 ## Reversibility (the operational-safety contract)
 
diff --git a/splitway-daemon/src/backend/macos/backend.rs b/splitway-daemon/src/backend/macos/backend.rs
index f59c2d2..b362cb5 100644
--- a/splitway-daemon/src/backend/macos/backend.rs
+++ b/splitway-daemon/src/backend/macos/backend.rs
@@ -513,8 +513,8 @@ mod tests {
         // Transactional across both steps: a demote failure must undo the
         // resolver scope so the system is never left half-changed.
         let dir = temp_dir("apply-rollback");
-        let mut scutil = FakeScutil::up();
-        scutil.fail_on_set = true;
+        let scutil = FakeScutil::up();
+        scutil.fail_on_set();
         let snaps = MemSnapshots::default();
 
         let result = apply_with(
diff --git a/splitway-daemon/src/backend/macos/demote.rs b/splitway-daemon/src/backend/macos/demote.rs
index da69d1d..b1f3b39 100644
--- a/splitway-daemon/src/backend/macos/demote.rs
+++ b/splitway-daemon/src/backend/macos/demote.rs
@@ -43,45 +43,87 @@ const GLOBAL_IPV4_KEY: &str = "State:/Network/Global/IPv4";
 /// daemon's runtime dir (root-owned, like the socket).
 pub(super) const SNAPSHOT_PATH: &str = "/var/run/splitway/dns-demote.snapshot";
 
-/// A captured pre-demote state: which service was demoted and the
-/// `ServerAddresses` it had before. Serialised to [`SNAPSHOT_PATH`] as a tiny
-/// line-based format (no serde dependency pulled into the backend for one
-/// struct): first line = service key, remaining lines = one server each.
+/// A captured pre-demote state: which service was demoted, the `InterfaceName`
+/// it was bound to, and the `ServerAddresses` it had before.
+///
+/// Serialised to [`SNAPSHOT_PATH`] as a tiny self-describing line format (no
+/// serde dependency pulled in for one struct): each line is `<tag>\t<value>`,
+/// with tags `key` (the service DNS key, exactly once), `iface` (the
+/// `InterfaceName`, at most once — omitted when the service had none), and
+/// `server` (one per prior resolver, in order). The tags make the optional
+/// `iface` line unambiguous even when there are no servers.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub(super) struct DemoteSnapshot {
     /// The full `State:/Network/Service/<id>/DNS` key that was overwritten.
     pub service_dns_key: String,
+    /// The `InterfaceName` the service was bound to before the demote, if any.
+    /// Re-applied on demote so the demoted service stays identifiable as the
+    /// physical service by the detector (a `d.init` write would otherwise drop
+    /// it — see [`build_set_dns_script`] and the detector's `decide`).
+    pub interface_name: Option<String>,
     /// The `ServerAddresses` the service had before the demote (possibly empty
     /// if the service carried no explicit servers — restore then clears ours).
     pub prior_servers: Vec<String>,
 }
 
 impl DemoteSnapshot {
-    /// Serialise to the on-disk line format.
+    /// Serialise to the on-disk `<tag>\t<value>` line format.
     fn serialize(&self) -> String {
         let mut out = String::new();
+        out.push_str("key\t");
         out.push_str(&self.service_dns_key);
         out.push('\n');
+        if let Some(iface) = &self.interface_name {
+            out.push_str("iface\t");
+            out.push_str(iface);
+            out.push('\n');
+        }
         for s in &self.prior_servers {
+            out.push_str("server\t");
             out.push_str(s);
             out.push('\n');
         }
         out
     }
 
-    /// Parse the on-disk line format. The first non-empty line is the key; the
-    /// rest are servers. Returns `None` for an empty/garbled snapshot.
+    /// Parse the on-disk `<tag>\t<value>` line format. Requires a `key` line;
+    /// `iface` is optional; `server` lines are collected in order. Returns
+    /// `None` for an empty/garbled snapshot (no `key`).
     fn deserialize(text: &str) -> Option<Self> {
-        let mut lines = text.lines().map(str::trim).filter(|l| !l.is_empty());
-        let service_dns_key = lines.next()?.to_string();
-        let prior_servers = lines.map(str::to_string).collect();
+        let mut service_dns_key: Option<String> = None;
+        let mut interface_name: Option<String> = None;
+        let mut prior_servers: Vec<String> = Vec::new();
+        for line in text.lines() {
+            let line = line.trim_end_matches(['\r', '\n']);
+            let Some((tag, value)) = line.split_once('\t') else {
+                continue; // skip a malformed line rather than failing the whole load
+            };
+            match tag {
+                "key" => service_dns_key = Some(value.to_string()),
+                "iface" if !value.is_empty() => interface_name = Some(value.to_string()),
+                "server" if !value.is_empty() => prior_servers.push(value.to_string()),
+                _ => {}
+            }
+        }
         Some(DemoteSnapshot {
-            service_dns_key,
+            service_dns_key: service_dns_key?,
+            interface_name,
             prior_servers,
         })
     }
 }
 
+/// The current DNS dict of one service, as read from
+/// `State:/Network/Service/<id>/DNS` — the bits the demote must snapshot and
+/// preserve.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Default, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub(super) struct ServiceDnsState {
+    /// The `InterfaceName` the service is bound to, if present.
+    pub interface_name: Option<String>,
+    /// The service's `ServerAddresses`.
+    pub servers: Vec<String>,
+}
+
 /// The seam over `scutil`: read the bits the demote needs, and run a script.
 /// The real impl ([`RealScutil`]) shells out; tests inject a fake.
 pub(super) trait ScutilRunner {
@@ -89,20 +131,34 @@ pub(super) trait ScutilRunner {
     /// `PrimaryService`, or `None` if there is no primary service (offline).
     fn primary_service(&self) -> Result<Option<String>, PlatformError>;
 
-    /// The current `ServerAddresses` of `State:/Network/Service/<id>/DNS`.
-    fn service_dns_servers(&self, service_dns_key: &str) -> Result<Vec<String>, PlatformError>;
+    /// The current DNS dict (servers + `InterfaceName`) of
+    /// `State:/Network/Service/<id>/DNS`.
+    fn service_dns_state(&self, service_dns_key: &str) -> Result<ServiceDnsState, PlatformError>;
 
     /// Run a `scutil` script (the text piped to `scutil`'s stdin).
     fn run_script(&self, script: &str) -> Result<(), PlatformError>;
 }
 
-/// Build the `scutil` script that sets `key`'s `ServerAddresses` to `servers`.
-/// Replacing only the value we manage; SearchDomains and the rest of the dict
+/// Build the `scutil` script that sets `key`'s `ServerAddresses` to `servers`,
+/// preserving the service's `InterfaceName` when known.
+///
+/// We replace only the values we manage; SearchDomains and the rest of the dict
 /// are not ours to keep — macOS repopulates a service's DNS dict from its source
 /// (DHCP / the VPN) on the next network change, and the corp split-DNS is held
-/// independently by the `/etc/resolver` files, so a minimal dict is sufficient
-/// and avoids copying state we did not author.
-pub(super) fn build_set_dns_script(key: &str, servers: &[String]) -> String {
+/// independently by the `/etc/resolver` files, so a minimal dict is sufficient.
+///
+/// **`InterfaceName` is re-added when known** because a bare `d.init` write would
+/// drop it, and the detector identifies the *physical* service by its
+/// `InterfaceName == PrimaryInterface` (see the detector's `decide`). Dropping it
+/// on our own demote would make the next detection round fail to find the
+/// physical service — inverting corp/fallback or undoing the demote (the exact
+/// oscillation the per-service model exists to prevent). So the demote carries
+/// the interface name through.
+pub(super) fn build_set_dns_script(
+    key: &str,
+    servers: &[String],
+    interface_name: Option<&str>,
+) -> String {
     let mut script = String::new();
     script.push_str("open\n");
     script.push_str("d.init\n");
@@ -114,6 +170,10 @@ pub(super) fn build_set_dns_script(key: &str, servers: &[String]) -> String {
         }
         script.push('\n');
     }
+    if let Some(iface) = interface_name {
+        // A single-value key (no `*`): the interface the service is bound to.
+        script.push_str(&format!("d.add InterfaceName {iface}\n"));
+    }
     script.push_str(&format!("set {key}\n"));
     script.push_str("quit\n");
     script
@@ -143,12 +203,12 @@ impl ScutilRunner for RealScutil {
         ))
     }
 
-    fn service_dns_servers(&self, service_dns_key: &str) -> Result<Vec<String>, PlatformError> {
+    fn service_dns_state(&self, service_dns_key: &str) -> Result<ServiceDnsState, PlatformError> {
         let dump = run_scutil(&format!("show {service_dns_key}\n"))?;
-        Ok(crate::detector::macos_parse_array_field(
-            &dump,
-            "ServerAddresses",
-        ))
+        Ok(ServiceDnsState {
+            interface_name: crate::detector::macos_parse_scalar_field(&dump, "InterfaceName"),
+            servers: crate::detector::macos_parse_array_field(&dump, "ServerAddresses"),
+        })
     }
 
     fn run_script(&self, script: &str) -> Result<(), PlatformError> {
@@ -255,26 +315,60 @@ pub(super) fn demote(
     };
     let key = service_dns_key(&service_id);
 
-    // Capture the prior state ONCE: only when no snapshot exists yet. A re-demote
-    // (reconcile re-apply) must not snapshot our own fallback as the "prior".
-    if snapshots.load().is_none() {
-        let prior_servers = scutil.service_dns_servers(&key)?;
-        snapshots.save(&DemoteSnapshot {
-            service_dns_key: key.clone(),
-            prior_servers,
-        })?;
+    // Snapshot handling, keyed by the service we are about to demote:
+    //
+    // - No snapshot yet → capture this service's prior DNS (the first demote).
+    // - A snapshot for THIS SAME service → keep it (a reconcile re-apply must not
+    //   snapshot our own fallback as the "prior").
+    // - A snapshot for a DIFFERENT service (the primary changed while up — e.g. a
+    //   Wi-Fi↔Ethernet switch) → restore that previous service from its snapshot
+    //   first, so it is not left stranded on our fallback, then capture and demote
+    //   the new primary. Exactly one service is ever demoted at a time.
+    match snapshots.load() {
+        Some(existing) if existing.service_dns_key == key => {
+            // Same service — keep the original prior snapshot.
+        }
+        Some(existing) => {
+            // Primary changed: un-demote the old service, then snapshot the new.
+            restore_snapshot(scutil, &existing)?;
+            snapshots.clear();
+            capture_snapshot(scutil, snapshots, &key)?;
+        }
+        None => {
+            capture_snapshot(scutil, snapshots, &key)?;
+        }
     }
 
-    scutil.run_script(&build_set_dns_script(&key, fallback))?;
+    // Re-apply the interface name we captured so the demoted (physical) service
+    // stays identifiable to the detector (see build_set_dns_script).
+    let interface_name = snapshots.load().and_then(|s| s.interface_name);
+    scutil.run_script(&build_set_dns_script(
+        &key,
+        fallback,
+        interface_name.as_deref(),
+    ))?;
     log::info!("demoted the system default resolver to the off-tunnel fallback");
     Ok(true)
 }
 
-/// Restore the demoted default from the snapshot, then clear it. If the prior
-/// service had explicit servers, set them back; if it had none, remove the key
-/// so SystemConfiguration repopulates the service's DNS from its real source.
-/// A missing snapshot is a clean no-op (nothing was demoted, or already
-/// restored). Always clears the snapshot on success so a later demote re-snaps.
+/// Capture `key`'s current DNS dict (servers + interface name) into the
+/// snapshot store, before it is overwritten by a demote.
+fn capture_snapshot(
+    scutil: &dyn ScutilRunner,
+    snapshots: &dyn SnapshotStore,
+    key: &str,
+) -> Result<(), PlatformError> {
+    let state = scutil.service_dns_state(key)?;
+    snapshots.save(&DemoteSnapshot {
+        service_dns_key: key.to_string(),
+        interface_name: state.interface_name,
+        prior_servers: state.servers,
+    })
+}
+
+/// Restore the demoted default from the snapshot, then clear it. A missing
+/// snapshot is a clean no-op (nothing was demoted, or already restored). Always
+/// clears the snapshot on success so a later demote re-snaps.
 pub(super) fn restore(
     scutil: &dyn ScutilRunner,
     snapshots: &dyn SnapshotStore,
@@ -282,15 +376,31 @@ pub(super) fn restore(
     let Some(snapshot) = snapshots.load() else {
         return Ok(()); // nothing demoted
     };
+    restore_snapshot(scutil, &snapshot)?;
+    snapshots.clear();
+    log::info!("restored the system default resolver from the demote snapshot");
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Run the `scutil` write that restores one snapshot's service to its prior DNS.
+/// If the service had explicit prior servers, set them back (preserving the
+/// captured interface name); if it had none, remove the key so
+/// SystemConfiguration repopulates the service's DNS from its real source. Does
+/// not touch the snapshot store — the caller owns clearing it.
+fn restore_snapshot(
+    scutil: &dyn ScutilRunner,
+    snapshot: &DemoteSnapshot,
+) -> Result<(), PlatformError> {
     let script = if snapshot.prior_servers.is_empty() {
         build_remove_key_script(&snapshot.service_dns_key)
     } else {
-        build_set_dns_script(&snapshot.service_dns_key, &snapshot.prior_servers)
+        build_set_dns_script(
+            &snapshot.service_dns_key,
+            &snapshot.prior_servers,
+            snapshot.interface_name.as_deref(),
+        )
     };
-    scutil.run_script(&script)?;
-    snapshots.clear();
-    log::info!("restored the system default resolver from the demote snapshot");
-    Ok(())
+    scutil.run_script(&script)
 }
 
 /// Test doubles for the demote seam, shared by this module's tests and the
@@ -301,34 +411,67 @@ pub(super) mod test_support {
     use std::cell::RefCell;
 
     /// A fake `scutil` that captures every script run and returns canned state.
+    /// `primary` is interior-mutable so a test can model the primary service
+    /// changing while up (the P2 case). `service_states` maps a service DNS key
+    /// to the dict the fake reports for it; an unmapped key falls back to
+    /// `default_state`.
     pub(in super::super) struct FakeScutil {
-        pub primary: Option<String>,
-        pub prior_servers: Vec<String>,
+        pub primary: RefCell<Option<String>>,
+        pub default_state: ServiceDnsState,
+        pub service_states: RefCell<std::collections::HashMap<String, ServiceDnsState>>,
         pub scripts: RefCell<Vec<String>>,
-        pub fail_on_set: bool,
+        pub fail_on_set: std::cell::Cell<bool>,
     }
 
     impl FakeScutil {
-        /// A primary service exists with one prior resolver — the common case.
+        /// A primary service ("ABC", on en0) with one prior resolver — the
+        /// common case.
         pub fn up() -> Self {
             FakeScutil {
-                primary: Some("ABC".to_string()),
-                prior_servers: vec!["198.51.100.1".to_string()],
+                primary: RefCell::new(Some("ABC".to_string())),
+                default_state: ServiceDnsState {
+                    interface_name: Some("en0".to_string()),
+                    servers: vec!["198.51.100.1".to_string()],
+                },
+                service_states: RefCell::new(std::collections::HashMap::new()),
                 scripts: RefCell::new(Vec::new()),
-                fail_on_set: false,
+                fail_on_set: std::cell::Cell::new(false),
             }
         }
+
+        /// Make subsequent `set` scripts fail (to test rollback paths).
+        pub fn fail_on_set(&self) {
+            self.fail_on_set.set(true);
+        }
+
+        /// Point `primary_service()` at a different service id (P2: the primary
+        /// changed while up).
+        pub fn set_primary(&self, id: &str) {
+            *self.primary.borrow_mut() = Some(id.to_string());
+        }
+
+        /// Script the DNS dict the fake reports for a specific service key.
+        pub fn set_service_state(&self, key: &str, state: ServiceDnsState) {
+            self.service_states
+                .borrow_mut()
+                .insert(key.to_string(), state);
+        }
     }
 
     impl ScutilRunner for FakeScutil {
         fn primary_service(&self) -> Result<Option<String>, PlatformError> {
-            Ok(self.primary.clone())
+            Ok(self.primary.borrow().clone())
         }
-        fn service_dns_servers(&self, _key: &str) -> Result<Vec<String>, PlatformError> {
-            Ok(self.prior_servers.clone())
+        fn service_dns_state(&self, key: &str) -> Result<ServiceDnsState, PlatformError> {
+            Ok(self
+                .service_states
+                .borrow()
+                .get(key)
+                .cloned()
+                .unwrap_or_else(|| self.default_state.clone()))
         }
         fn run_script(&self, script: &str) -> Result<(), PlatformError> {
-            if self.fail_on_set && script.contains("set ") {
+            if self.fail_on_set.get() && script.contains("set ") {
                 return Err(PlatformError::CommandFailed("simulated set failure".into()));
             }
             self.scripts.borrow_mut().push(script.to_string());
@@ -360,37 +503,60 @@ mod tests {
     use super::test_support::{FakeScutil, MemSnapshots};
     use super::*;
 
+    fn snap(key: &str, iface: Option<&str>, servers: &[&str]) -> DemoteSnapshot {
+        DemoteSnapshot {
+            service_dns_key: key.to_string(),
+            interface_name: iface.map(str::to_string),
+            prior_servers: servers.iter().map(|s| s.to_string()).collect(),
+        }
+    }
+
     // --- pure script builders -------------------------------------------------
 
     #[test]
-    fn set_dns_script_sets_server_addresses_for_the_key() {
+    fn set_dns_script_sets_server_addresses_and_preserves_the_interface() {
         let script = build_set_dns_script(
             "State:/Network/Service/ABC/DNS",
             &["198.51.100.1".to_string()],
+            Some("en0"),
         );
         assert_eq!(
             script,
             "open\n\
              d.init\n\
              d.add ServerAddresses * 198.51.100.1\n\
+             d.add InterfaceName en0\n\
              set State:/Network/Service/ABC/DNS\n\
              quit\n"
         );
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn set_dns_script_omits_the_interface_when_unknown() {
+        let script = build_set_dns_script(
+            "State:/Network/Service/ABC/DNS",
+            &["198.51.100.1".to_string()],
+            None,
+        );
+        assert!(!script.contains("InterfaceName"));
+        assert!(script.contains("d.add ServerAddresses * 198.51.100.1\n"));
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn set_dns_script_handles_multiple_servers() {
         let script = build_set_dns_script(
             "State:/Network/Service/ABC/DNS",
             &["198.51.100.1".to_string(), "198.51.100.2".to_string()],
+            Some("en0"),
         );
         assert!(script.contains("d.add ServerAddresses * 198.51.100.1 198.51.100.2\n"));
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn set_dns_script_with_no_servers_omits_the_add() {
-        let script = build_set_dns_script("State:/Network/Service/ABC/DNS", &[]);
-        assert!(!script.contains("d.add"));
+    fn set_dns_script_with_no_servers_omits_the_add_but_keeps_the_interface() {
+        let script = build_set_dns_script("State:/Network/Service/ABC/DNS", &[], Some("en0"));
+        assert!(!script.contains("d.add ServerAddresses"));
+        assert!(script.contains("d.add InterfaceName en0\n"));
         assert!(script.contains("set State:/Network/Service/ABC/DNS\n"));
     }
 
@@ -412,44 +578,58 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn snapshot_round_trips_through_disk_format() {
-        let snap = DemoteSnapshot {
-            service_dns_key: "State:/Network/Service/ABC/DNS".to_string(),
-            prior_servers: vec!["198.51.100.1".to_string(), "198.51.100.2".to_string()],
-        };
-        let parsed = DemoteSnapshot::deserialize(&snap.serialize()).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(parsed, snap);
+        let s = snap(
+            "State:/Network/Service/ABC/DNS",
+            Some("en0"),
+            &["198.51.100.1", "198.51.100.2"],
+        );
+        assert_eq!(DemoteSnapshot::deserialize(&s.serialize()).unwrap(), s);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn snapshot_round_trips_with_no_prior_servers_and_no_interface() {
+        let s = snap("State:/Network/Service/ABC/DNS", None, &[]);
+        assert_eq!(DemoteSnapshot::deserialize(&s.serialize()).unwrap(), s);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn snapshot_round_trips_with_an_interface_but_no_servers() {
+        let s = snap("State:/Network/Service/ABC/DNS", Some("en0"), &[]);
+        assert_eq!(DemoteSnapshot::deserialize(&s.serialize()).unwrap(), s);
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn snapshot_round_trips_with_no_prior_servers() {
-        let snap = DemoteSnapshot {
-            service_dns_key: "State:/Network/Service/ABC/DNS".to_string(),
-            prior_servers: vec![],
-        };
-        let parsed = DemoteSnapshot::deserialize(&snap.serialize()).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(parsed, snap);
+    fn snapshot_deserialize_rejects_garbage_without_a_key() {
+        assert!(DemoteSnapshot::deserialize("").is_none());
+        assert!(DemoteSnapshot::deserialize("server\t1.2.3.4\n").is_none());
     }
 
     // --- demote / restore orchestration --------------------------------------
 
     #[test]
-    fn demote_snapshots_prior_then_sets_the_fallback() {
+    fn demote_snapshots_prior_then_sets_the_fallback_preserving_the_interface() {
         let scutil = FakeScutil::up();
         let snaps = MemSnapshots::default();
         let did = demote(&scutil, &snaps, &["203.0.113.9".to_string()]).unwrap();
         assert!(did);
-        // Prior state captured for the primary service.
+        // Prior state captured for the primary service, including its interface.
         assert_eq!(
             snaps.load().unwrap(),
-            DemoteSnapshot {
-                service_dns_key: "State:/Network/Service/ABC/DNS".to_string(),
-                prior_servers: vec!["198.51.100.1".to_string()],
-            }
+            snap(
+                "State:/Network/Service/ABC/DNS",
+                Some("en0"),
+                &["198.51.100.1"],
+            )
         );
-        // Exactly one script issued: set the fallback on the primary service.
+        // Exactly one script issued: set the fallback AND re-add InterfaceName so
+        // the demoted physical service stays identifiable (P1 fix).
         let scripts = scutil.scripts.borrow();
         assert_eq!(scripts.len(), 1);
         assert!(scripts[0].contains("d.add ServerAddresses * 203.0.113.9\n"));
+        assert!(
+            scripts[0].contains("d.add InterfaceName en0\n"),
+            "the demote must preserve InterfaceName so detection still finds the physical service"
+        );
         assert!(scripts[0].contains("set State:/Network/Service/ABC/DNS\n"));
     }
 
@@ -459,7 +639,7 @@ mod tests {
         let snaps = MemSnapshots::default();
         demote(&scutil, &snaps, &["203.0.113.9".to_string()]).unwrap();
         let after_first = snaps.load().unwrap();
-        // A second demote (reconcile re-apply) must keep the ORIGINAL prior, not
+        // A second demote (same primary) must keep the ORIGINAL prior, not
         // snapshot our own fallback.
         demote(&scutil, &snaps, &["203.0.113.9".to_string()]).unwrap();
         assert_eq!(snaps.load().unwrap(), after_first);
@@ -470,10 +650,59 @@ mod tests {
         );
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn demote_on_a_changed_primary_restores_the_old_then_snapshots_the_new() {
+        // P2: the primary service changes while up (e.g. Wi-Fi → Ethernet) with a
+        // snapshot already present. The old service must be un-demoted (not left
+        // stranded on our fallback), and the NEW service snapshotted + demoted.
+        let scutil = FakeScutil::up(); // primary = ABC (en0)
+        let snaps = MemSnapshots::default();
+        demote(&scutil, &snaps, &["203.0.113.9".to_string()]).unwrap();
+        scutil.scripts.borrow_mut().clear();
+
+        // The primary switches to XYZ on en1 with its own DHCP resolver.
+        scutil.set_primary("XYZ");
+        scutil.set_service_state(
+            "State:/Network/Service/XYZ/DNS",
+            ServiceDnsState {
+                interface_name: Some("en1".to_string()),
+                servers: vec!["198.51.100.50".to_string()],
+            },
+        );
+        demote(&scutil, &snaps, &["203.0.113.9".to_string()]).unwrap();
+
+        // The snapshot now tracks the NEW primary with its real prior DNS.
+        assert_eq!(
+            snaps.load().unwrap(),
+            snap(
+                "State:/Network/Service/XYZ/DNS",
+                Some("en1"),
+                &["198.51.100.50"],
+            )
+        );
+        let scripts = scutil.scripts.borrow();
+        // First the OLD service is restored to its real prior (198.51.100.1),
+        // then the NEW service is demoted to the fallback.
+        assert!(
+            scripts
+                .iter()
+                .any(|s| s.contains("set State:/Network/Service/ABC/DNS")
+                    && s.contains("d.add ServerAddresses * 198.51.100.1")),
+            "the previous primary must be restored to its real DNS, not left on the fallback"
+        );
+        assert!(
+            scripts
+                .iter()
+                .any(|s| s.contains("set State:/Network/Service/XYZ/DNS")
+                    && s.contains("d.add ServerAddresses * 203.0.113.9")),
+            "the new primary must be demoted to the fallback"
+        );
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn demote_with_no_primary_service_is_a_clean_noop() {
-        let mut scutil = FakeScutil::up();
-        scutil.primary = None;
+        let scutil = FakeScutil::up();
+        *scutil.primary.borrow_mut() = None;
         let snaps = MemSnapshots::default();
         let did = demote(&scutil, &snaps, &["203.0.113.9".to_string()]).unwrap();
         assert!(!did);
@@ -492,17 +721,18 @@ mod tests {
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn restore_sets_prior_servers_and_clears_snapshot() {
+    fn restore_sets_prior_servers_with_the_interface_and_clears_snapshot() {
         let scutil = FakeScutil::up();
         let snaps = MemSnapshots::default();
         demote(&scutil, &snaps, &["203.0.113.9".to_string()]).unwrap();
         scutil.scripts.borrow_mut().clear();
 
         restore(&scutil, &snaps).unwrap();
-        // Restored the original servers...
         let scripts = scutil.scripts.borrow();
         assert_eq!(scripts.len(), 1);
+        // Restored the original servers AND the interface name...
         assert!(scripts[0].contains("d.add ServerAddresses * 198.51.100.1\n"));
+        assert!(scripts[0].contains("d.add InterfaceName en0\n"));
         // ...and cleared the snapshot so a later demote re-snaps.
         drop(scripts);
         assert!(snaps.load().is_none());
@@ -512,8 +742,14 @@ mod tests {
     fn restore_removes_the_key_when_no_prior_servers() {
         // A service with no explicit prior DNS: restore removes our override so
         // SC repopulates from the real source, rather than pinning empty.
-        let mut scutil = FakeScutil::up();
-        scutil.prior_servers = vec![];
+        let scutil = FakeScutil::up();
+        scutil.set_service_state(
+            "State:/Network/Service/ABC/DNS",
+            ServiceDnsState {
+                interface_name: Some("en0".to_string()),
+                servers: vec![],
+            },
+        );
         let snaps = MemSnapshots::default();
         demote(&scutil, &snaps, &["203.0.113.9".to_string()]).unwrap();
         scutil.scripts.borrow_mut().clear();
@@ -536,8 +772,8 @@ mod tests {
     fn demote_propagates_a_set_failure_after_snapshotting() {
         // If the set fails, the snapshot is already on disk, so a later restore
         // can still recover — the demote surfaces the error rather than masking.
-        let mut scutil = FakeScutil::up();
-        scutil.fail_on_set = true;
+        let scutil = FakeScutil::up();
+        scutil.fail_on_set();
         let snaps = MemSnapshots::default();
         let result = demote(&scutil, &snaps, &["203.0.113.9".to_string()]);
         assert!(result.is_err());
diff --git a/splitway-daemon/src/detector/macos/detector.rs b/splitway-daemon/src/detector/macos/detector.rs
index 72622df..4a27810 100644
--- a/splitway-daemon/src/detector/macos/detector.rs
+++ b/splitway-daemon/src/detector/macos/detector.rs
@@ -63,8 +63,9 @@ pub(super) fn current_vpn_state() -> Result<Detected, PlatformError> {
 fn read_dns_model() -> Result<DnsModel, PlatformError> {
     let global_ipv4_dump = scutil_show("State:/Network/Global/IPv4")?;
     let primary_interface = parse_scalar_field(&global_ipv4_dump, "PrimaryInterface");
+    let primary_service = parse_scalar_field(&global_ipv4_dump, "PrimaryService");
 
-    // Enumerate every per-service DNS key and read its InterfaceName + servers.
+    // Enumerate every per-service DNS key and read its id + InterfaceName + servers.
     let listing = scutil_list("State:/Network/Service/.*/DNS")?;
     let mut services = Vec::new();
     for key in listing.lines().map(str::trim).filter(|l| !l.is_empty()) {
@@ -81,6 +82,7 @@ fn read_dns_model() -> Result<DnsModel, PlatformError> {
             continue; // a service with no DNS contributes nothing
         }
         services.push(ServiceDns {
+            service_id: service_id_from_key(key),
             interface_name: parse_scalar_field(&dump, "InterfaceName"),
             servers,
         });
@@ -88,10 +90,22 @@ fn read_dns_model() -> Result<DnsModel, PlatformError> {
 
     Ok(DnsModel {
         primary_interface,
+        primary_service,
         services,
     })
 }
 
+/// Extract the `<id>` from a `State:/Network/Service/<id>/DNS` key, so it can be
+/// matched against `PrimaryService`. Returns the whole key if it does not fit
+/// the expected shape (so an unexpected key never silently collides with a real
+/// service id).
+fn service_id_from_key(key: &str) -> String {
+    key.strip_prefix("State:/Network/Service/")
+        .and_then(|rest| rest.strip_suffix("/DNS"))
+        .unwrap_or(key)
+        .to_string()
+}
+
 /// Run `scutil` with a `show <key>` script over stdin and return the dump. A
 /// missing key makes `scutil` print `No such key` (not a process failure); the
 /// parser treats that as empty, so it is returned as-is rather than an error.
@@ -142,3 +156,30 @@ fn scutil_script(script: &str) -> Result<String, PlatformError> {
     }
     Ok(String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stdout).into_owned())
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::service_id_from_key;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn service_id_from_key_extracts_the_id() {
+        assert_eq!(
+            service_id_from_key("State:/Network/Service/ABC-123/DNS"),
+            "ABC-123"
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn service_id_from_key_returns_whole_key_when_shape_is_unexpected() {
+        // An unexpected key shape is returned verbatim, so it never collides with
+        // a real service id.
+        assert_eq!(
+            service_id_from_key("Setup:/Network/Foo"),
+            "Setup:/Network/Foo"
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            service_id_from_key("State:/Network/Service/ABC"),
+            "State:/Network/Service/ABC"
+        );
+    }
+}
diff --git a/splitway-daemon/src/detector/macos/parser.rs b/splitway-daemon/src/detector/macos/parser.rs
index 8564f48..b667d7a 100644
--- a/splitway-daemon/src/detector/macos/parser.rs
+++ b/splitway-daemon/src/detector/macos/parser.rs
@@ -1,35 +1,46 @@
 //! Pure parsing of the macOS SystemConfiguration DNS model — no I/O, unit
 //! tested. This is the structural, vendor-neutral core of macOS VPN detection.
 //!
-//! # Why not `scutil --dns`
+//! # Why not `scutil --dns`, and why per-service (not the global default)
 //!
 //! The original detector filtered `scutil --dns` by a chosen `utun*` interface.
 //! That fails against a VPN client that hijacks the system **default** resolver
 //! instead of scoping its DNS to the tunnel: there is then *no* resolver scoped
 //! to any `utun` (the active tunnel `utun` index even varies between sessions),
 //! so an interface-keyed read finds nothing. We instead read the SystemConfig
-//! dynamic store directly and decide structurally:
+//! dynamic store directly and decide structurally over the **per-service** DNS:
 //!
-//! - `State:/Network/Global/DNS` `ServerAddresses` — the current system default
-//!   resolver(s).
-//! - `State:/Network/Global/IPv4` `PrimaryInterface` — the physical primary
-//!   interface (e.g. `en0`).
-//! - the physical interface's *own* DHCP resolver — the resolver that interface
-//!   would use if the default were not overridden.
+//! - `State:/Network/Global/IPv4` `PrimaryInterface` / `PrimaryService` — the
+//!   physical primary interface (e.g. `en0`) and its service id.
+//! - each `State:/Network/Service/<id>/DNS` — that service's `ServerAddresses`
+//!   and `InterfaceName`.
 //!
-//! If the global default differs from the physical interface's own DHCP
-//! resolver, the default has been overridden by a non-physical (VPN) service →
-//! **VPN is up**; the corp DNS is that global default, and the demote-target
-//! (where non-corp DNS should go, off-tunnel) is the physical DHCP resolver. The
-//! decision keys on this structural *difference*, never on any vendor/product
-//! string, so it generalises across VPN clients.
+//! The **physical service** is the one whose id is the primary service (falling
+//! back to the primary interface name); its resolver is the demote-target. A
+//! **VPN service** is any *other* service whose DNS differs from the physical
+//! resolver — a non-physical resolver is in play → **VPN is up**, and its
+//! resolver is the corp DNS. The decision keys on this structural *difference*,
+//! never on any vendor/product string, so it generalises across VPN clients.
+//!
+//! Detection deliberately does **not** read `State:/Network/Global/DNS`: Splitway's
+//! own demote overwrites the physical service's DNS, which can change the global
+//! default — so a Global-keyed detector would flip to "down" the instant our
+//! demote took effect, then revert → the VPN re-asserts → re-demote → oscillation.
+//! Reading the VPN's corp DNS from its *own* service entry (which our demote does
+//! not touch) keeps detection stable while the demote is in effect.
 
 /// One network service's DNS entry, as read from `State:/Network/Service/<id>/DNS`.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub(super) struct ServiceDns {
+    /// The service id (the `<id>` in the `State:/Network/Service/<id>/DNS` key).
+    /// The authoritative anchor for the *physical* service: it equals the
+    /// `PrimaryService` from `State:/Network/Global/IPv4`. Preferred over the
+    /// interface name, which a VPN service can also report.
+    pub service_id: String,
     /// The `InterfaceName` the service is bound to (e.g. `en0`), if present.
-    /// Used only to identify the *physical* service (the one on the primary
-    /// interface); a VPN service is identified structurally, not by name.
+    /// The fallback anchor for the physical service when the primary service id
+    /// is unknown; a VPN service is otherwise identified structurally, not by
+    /// name.
     pub interface_name: Option<String>,
     /// The service's `ServerAddresses`.
     pub servers: Vec<String>,
@@ -52,10 +63,15 @@ pub(super) struct DnsModel {
     /// `State:/Network/Global/IPv4` `PrimaryInterface` (e.g. `en0`). `None` if
     /// the key or field is absent (no primary network — effectively offline).
     pub primary_interface: Option<String>,
+    /// `State:/Network/Global/IPv4` `PrimaryService` (the primary service id).
+    /// The authoritative anchor for the physical service in [`decide`]; a VPN
+    /// service can also report the primary interface name, so the service id is
+    /// preferred and the interface name is only a fallback.
+    pub primary_service: Option<String>,
     /// Every network service's DNS entry (from the per-service DNS keys). The
-    /// physical service is the one whose `interface_name` is the primary
-    /// interface; a VPN service is one whose DNS differs from the physical
-    /// service's (a non-physical resolver is in play).
+    /// physical service is the one whose `service_id` is the primary service
+    /// (or, failing that, whose `interface_name` is the primary interface); a
+    /// VPN service is one whose DNS differs from the physical service's.
     pub services: Vec<ServiceDns>,
 }
 
@@ -161,36 +177,44 @@ pub(crate) fn parse_scalar_field(dump: &str, field: &str) -> Option<String> {
 /// - no non-physical service whose DNS differs from the physical — no VPN.
 pub(super) fn decide(model: &DnsModel) -> Detected {
     // No primary network at all → nothing is in play.
-    let Some(primary) = model.primary_interface.as_deref() else {
+    // A primary network must exist to anchor on (offline → nothing in play).
+    if model.primary_interface.is_none() && model.primary_service.is_none() {
         return Detected::Down;
-    };
+    }
 
-    // The physical service: bound to the primary interface and carrying DNS.
-    // Its resolver is the demote-target (where non-corp DNS goes off-tunnel).
-    let physical_dns = model
-        .services
-        .iter()
-        .find(|s| s.interface_name.as_deref() == Some(primary) && !s.servers.is_empty())
-        .map(|s| &s.servers);
-    let Some(physical_dns) = physical_dns else {
+    // The physical service, anchored authoritatively by the primary SERVICE id
+    // when known (a VPN service can also report the primary interface name, so
+    // the id is preferred), falling back to the primary interface name. Its
+    // resolver is the demote-target (where non-corp DNS goes off-tunnel).
+    let physical = model.services.iter().find(|s| {
+        !s.servers.is_empty()
+            && match model.primary_service.as_deref() {
+                Some(id) => s.service_id == id,
+                None => s.interface_name.as_deref() == model.primary_interface.as_deref(),
+            }
+    });
+    let Some(physical) = physical else {
         // Without the physical resolver we cannot pick a safe demote-target.
         return Detected::Down;
     };
 
-    // A VPN service: any service whose DNS differs from the physical resolver
-    // (a non-physical resolver is in play). This signal is independent of the
-    // global default, so it survives our own demote of the physical service.
+    // A VPN service: a service OTHER than the physical one, carrying DNS that
+    // differs from the physical resolver (a non-physical resolver is in play).
+    // Excluding the physical service by id means the comparison survives our own
+    // demote (which sets the physical service's DNS to the fallback) — the VPN's
+    // own service still differs — and never mistakes the physical service for a
+    // VPN. This signal is independent of the mutable global default.
     let vpn_dns = model
         .services
         .iter()
-        .filter(|s| !s.servers.is_empty())
-        .find(|s| !same_set(&s.servers, physical_dns))
+        .filter(|s| s.service_id != physical.service_id && !s.servers.is_empty())
+        .find(|s| !same_set(&s.servers, &physical.servers))
         .map(|s| &s.servers);
 
     match vpn_dns {
         Some(corp_dns) => Detected::Up {
             corp_dns: corp_dns.clone(),
-            demote_target: physical_dns.clone(),
+            demote_target: physical.servers.clone(),
         },
         None => Detected::Down,
     }
@@ -318,18 +342,24 @@ mod tests {
 
     // --- the structural decision (per-service model) -------------------------
 
-    fn svc(iface: Option<&str>, servers: &[&str]) -> ServiceDns {
+    fn svc(id: &str, iface: Option<&str>, servers: &[&str]) -> ServiceDns {
         ServiceDns {
+            service_id: id.to_string(),
             interface_name: iface.map(str::to_string),
             servers: servers.iter().map(|s| s.to_string()).collect(),
         }
     }
 
-    /// Build a model from a primary interface and a list of (iface, servers)
+    /// Build a model from a primary interface, the primary service id, and the
     /// service entries.
-    fn model(primary: Option<&str>, services: Vec<ServiceDns>) -> DnsModel {
+    fn model(
+        primary_iface: Option<&str>,
+        primary_svc: Option<&str>,
+        services: Vec<ServiceDns>,
+    ) -> DnsModel {
         DnsModel {
-            primary_interface: primary.map(str::to_string),
+            primary_interface: primary_iface.map(str::to_string),
+            primary_service: primary_svc.map(str::to_string),
             services,
         }
     }
@@ -337,12 +367,14 @@ mod tests {
     #[test]
     fn detects_up_when_a_service_differs_from_the_physical() {
         // The breaking case: a (VPN) service carries corp DNS that differs from
-        // the physical en0 service's DHCP resolver.
+        // the physical en0 service's DHCP resolver. The physical service is the
+        // primary service (id "phys").
         let m = model(
             Some("en0"),
+            Some("phys"),
             vec![
-                svc(Some("en0"), &["198.51.100.1"]), // physical DHCP
-                svc(Some("en0"), &["192.0.2.53"]),   // VPN's own service (corp)
+                svc("phys", Some("en0"), &["198.51.100.1"]), // physical DHCP
+                svc("vpn", Some("en0"), &["192.0.2.53"]),    // VPN's own service (corp)
             ],
         );
         assert_eq!(
@@ -363,9 +395,53 @@ mod tests {
         // service still reads 192.0.2.53 → still Up, same verdict.
         let m = model(
             Some("en0"),
+            Some("phys"),
+            vec![
+                svc("phys", Some("en0"), &["198.51.100.1"]), // physical (== demoted value)
+                svc("vpn", Some("en0"), &["192.0.2.53"]),    // VPN service unchanged
+            ],
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            decide(&m),
+            Detected::Up {
+                corp_dns: vec!["192.0.2.53".to_string()],
+                demote_target: vec!["198.51.100.1".to_string()],
+            }
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn physical_is_anchored_by_service_id_even_if_a_vpn_service_shares_the_interface() {
+        // The deeper P1 concern: a VPN service also reports the primary interface
+        // name. Anchoring the physical service on the primary SERVICE id (not the
+        // interface name) means the VPN service — listed FIRST here — is not
+        // mistaken for physical, so corp/fallback are never swapped.
+        let m = model(
+            Some("en0"),
+            Some("phys"),
             vec![
-                svc(Some("en0"), &["198.51.100.1"]), // physical (== demoted value)
-                svc(Some("en0"), &["192.0.2.53"]),   // VPN service unchanged
+                svc("vpn", Some("en0"), &["192.0.2.53"]), // VPN, also on en0, listed first
+                svc("phys", Some("en0"), &["198.51.100.1"]), // the real physical service
+            ],
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            decide(&m),
+            Detected::Up {
+                corp_dns: vec!["192.0.2.53".to_string()],
+                demote_target: vec!["198.51.100.1".to_string()],
+            }
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn falls_back_to_interface_name_when_primary_service_is_unknown() {
+        // If PrimaryService is absent, anchor on the primary interface name.
+        let m = model(
+            Some("en0"),
+            None,
+            vec![
+                svc("phys", Some("en0"), &["198.51.100.1"]),
+                svc("vpn", Some("en0"), &["192.0.2.53"]),
             ],
         );
         assert_eq!(
@@ -380,17 +456,22 @@ mod tests {
     #[test]
     fn detects_down_when_only_the_physical_service_exists() {
         // No VPN: the only service with DNS is the physical interface's own.
-        let m = model(Some("en0"), vec![svc(Some("en0"), &["198.51.100.1"])]);
+        let m = model(
+            Some("en0"),
+            Some("phys"),
+            vec![svc("phys", Some("en0"), &["198.51.100.1"])],
+        );
         assert_eq!(decide(&m), Detected::Down);
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn detects_down_when_offline_no_primary() {
         let m = model(
+            None,
             None,
             vec![
-                svc(Some("en0"), &["198.51.100.1"]),
-                svc(Some("en0"), &["192.0.2.53"]),
+                svc("phys", Some("en0"), &["198.51.100.1"]),
+                svc("vpn", Some("en0"), &["192.0.2.53"]),
             ],
         );
         assert_eq!(decide(&m), Detected::Down);
@@ -402,9 +483,10 @@ mod tests {
         // even though some other service has DNS → conservative Down.
         let m = model(
             Some("en0"),
+            Some("phys"),
             vec![
-                svc(Some("en0"), &[]),             // physical, no DNS
-                svc(Some("en0"), &["192.0.2.53"]), // some other service
+                svc("phys", Some("en0"), &[]),              // physical, no DNS
+                svc("other", Some("en0"), &["192.0.2.53"]), // some other service
             ],
         );
         assert_eq!(decide(&m), Detected::Down);
@@ -416,9 +498,10 @@ mod tests {
         // a VPN → Down (no service differs from the physical resolver).
         let m = model(
             Some("en0"),
+            Some("phys"),
             vec![
-                svc(Some("en0"), &["198.51.100.1", "198.51.100.2"]),
-                svc(Some("en0"), &["198.51.100.2", "198.51.100.1"]),
+                svc("phys", Some("en0"), &["198.51.100.1", "198.51.100.2"]),
+                svc("other", Some("en0"), &["198.51.100.2", "198.51.100.1"]),
             ],
         );
         assert_eq!(decide(&m), Detected::Down);
@@ -427,16 +510,17 @@ mod tests {
     #[test]
     fn decision_ignores_utun_interfaces_entirely() {
         // Proof no `utun` is keyed on: the decision compares per-service DNS
-        // against the physical resolver, never a utun name. utun services with
-        // their own DNS that differs from physical still simply read as "a VPN
-        // service" structurally — by their DNS, not their name.
+        // against the physical resolver, never a utun name. A utun service with
+        // its own DNS that differs from physical reads as "a VPN service"
+        // structurally — by its DNS, not its name.
         let m = model(
             Some("en0"),
+            Some("phys"),
             vec![
-                svc(Some("en0"), &["198.51.100.1"]),
+                svc("phys", Some("en0"), &["198.51.100.1"]),
                 // Whatever the tunnel interface is named (utun index varies), it
                 // is recognised by its differing DNS, not its name.
-                svc(Some("utun7"), &["192.0.2.53"]),
+                svc("vpn", Some("utun7"), &["192.0.2.53"]),
             ],
         );
         assert_eq!(
@@ -450,10 +534,11 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn full_fixture_parse_then_decide_is_up() {
-        // End-to-end over the real-form dumps: parse the primary interface and
-        // the two service DNS dicts, assemble the per-service model, decide → Up
-        // with corp=192.0.2.53, demote=198.51.100.1.
-        let primary = parse_scalar_field(GLOBAL_IPV4, "PrimaryInterface");
+        // End-to-end over the real-form dumps: parse the primary interface +
+        // service id and the two service DNS dicts, assemble the per-service
+        // model, decide → Up with corp=192.0.2.53, demote=198.51.100.1.
+        let primary_iface = parse_scalar_field(GLOBAL_IPV4, "PrimaryInterface");
+        let primary_svc = parse_scalar_field(GLOBAL_IPV4, "PrimaryService");
         let physical = parse_array_field(PHYSICAL_DNS, "ServerAddresses");
         // The VPN's own service DNS dump (corp resolver), same form as the others.
         let vpn_service_dns = "\
@@ -464,14 +549,18 @@ mod tests {
   InterfaceName : en0
 }";
         let corp = parse_array_field(vpn_service_dns, "ServerAddresses");
+        let phys_id = primary_svc.clone().unwrap();
         let m = DnsModel {
-            primary_interface: primary,
+            primary_interface: primary_iface,
+            primary_service: primary_svc,
             services: vec![
                 ServiceDns {
+                    service_id: phys_id,
                     interface_name: Some("en0".to_string()),
                     servers: physical,
                 },
                 ServiceDns {
+                    service_id: "vpn-service".to_string(),
                     interface_name: Some("en0".to_string()),
                     servers: corp,
                 },

From 23f96781df7807313da1f5ac471677af54723dab Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: stslex <ilya977.077@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 28 Jun 2026 13:40:02 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 37/51] fix(daemon): macOS detector list-parsing +
 secondary-network scoping + DNS-dict preservation (Codex P1/P1/P2)
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

Three correctness fixes from PR review of the macOS DNS privacy work.

P1 — `scutil list State:/Network/Service/.*/DNS` does NOT print bare keys: each
match is a prefixed row (`subKey [n] = State:/.../DNS`). `read_dns_model` passed
the whole row to `show`, so every per-service read returned `No such key`, the
service model stayed empty, and `current_vpn_state()` reported `Down` even with
the VPN DNS present — the detector was effectively inert. Parse the key out of
each row (new `parse_list_key`, unit-tested) and filter to `State:/Network/Service/`
keys before showing them.

P1 — `decide` treated any non-physical service whose DNS differs from the
physical resolver as a VPN. On a multi-homed Mac (Ethernet primary while Wi-Fi
stays associated with its own DHCP DNS) the secondary service differs, so with no
VPN running the daemon would apply the corp domains to the secondary resolver and
report VPN up. The differing service must now also be the default-resolver
hijacker (`is_default_resolver_hijacker`): it rides the primary interface's
default route, runs on a tunnel pseudo-interface (utun/ppp/ipsec/tun/tap), or is
unscoped (no interface). A service bound to a distinct hardware interface (a
second Ethernet/Wi-Fi/cellular link, a VM/Thunderbolt bridge) is a parallel
network and is excluded. The hijacker filter precedes the difference check, so a
real VPN is still found when a secondary network is also present, regardless of
order. Matching is by interface kind (the stable BSD driver prefix), never a
vendor string, so detection stays vendor-neutral and does not read the mutable
global default (no oscillation under our own demote).

P2 — `build_set_dns_script` used `d.init`, starting from an empty dictionary, so
the `set` replaced the whole service DNS dict and dropped DHCP/VPN-provided fields
(`SearchDomains`, `DomainName`, `SupplementalMatchDomains`, `SearchOrder`) both
while demoted and on restore, breaking local search-domain behaviour until the
next network reconfiguration. The script now `get`s the service's current dict
into the working buffer before overriding only `ServerAddresses`, so unmanaged
fields ride through; `InterfaceName` is preserved by `get` (still re-added as a
belt-and-suspenders). Restore of a service that had no prior `ServerAddresses`
now `d.remove`s only our override after the `get` instead of removing the whole
key, so the rest of the dict survives.

New/updated unit tests cover list-row parsing, the hijacker predicate (incl. a
secondary physical network, a tunnel VPN alongside one, and an unscoped
hijacker), and the get-before-override / remove-only-our-servers script shapes.
Tests/synthetic-fixtures only (RFC 5737 placeholders). Verified: fmt, Linux
build/clippy/test, and x86_64-apple-darwin cargo check + clippy -D warnings
(--all-targets) all green; macOS test execution runs on CI.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 splitway-daemon/src/backend/macos/demote.rs   | 118 +++++++-----
 .../src/detector/macos/detector.rs            |  50 ++++-
 splitway-daemon/src/detector/macos/parser.rs  | 172 ++++++++++++++++--
 3 files changed, 279 insertions(+), 61 deletions(-)

diff --git a/splitway-daemon/src/backend/macos/demote.rs b/splitway-daemon/src/backend/macos/demote.rs
index b1f3b39..cbad33e 100644
--- a/splitway-daemon/src/backend/macos/demote.rs
+++ b/splitway-daemon/src/backend/macos/demote.rs
@@ -139,21 +139,31 @@ pub(super) trait ScutilRunner {
     fn run_script(&self, script: &str) -> Result<(), PlatformError>;
 }
 
-/// Build the `scutil` script that sets `key`'s `ServerAddresses` to `servers`,
-/// preserving the service's `InterfaceName` when known.
+/// Build the `scutil` script that overrides `key`'s `ServerAddresses`, leaving
+/// every other field of the service's DNS dictionary intact.
 ///
-/// We replace only the values we manage; SearchDomains and the rest of the dict
-/// are not ours to keep — macOS repopulates a service's DNS dict from its source
-/// (DHCP / the VPN) on the next network change, and the corp split-DNS is held
-/// independently by the `/etc/resolver` files, so a minimal dict is sufficient.
+/// `ServerAddresses` is the only field Splitway manages; the rest of the dict
+/// (`SearchDomains`, `DomainName`, `SupplementalMatchDomains`, `SearchOrder`,
+/// `InterfaceName`, …) belongs to DHCP / the VPN. So the script `get`s the
+/// service's CURRENT dictionary into the working buffer first, then overrides
+/// only `ServerAddresses`, then writes the merged dict back. A bare `d.init`
+/// would instead start from an empty dictionary and the `set` would *replace* the
+/// whole dict, dropping those unmanaged fields until the next network
+/// reconfiguration repopulated them (breaking local search-domain / supplemental
+/// DNS behaviour while Splitway is active). On a missing key `get` leaves the
+/// (empty) initialised dict, so a fresh service is still created.
 ///
-/// **`InterfaceName` is re-added when known** because a bare `d.init` write would
-/// drop it, and the detector identifies the *physical* service by its
-/// `InterfaceName == PrimaryInterface` (see the detector's `decide`). Dropping it
-/// on our own demote would make the next detection round fail to find the
-/// physical service — inverting corp/fallback or undoing the demote (the exact
-/// oscillation the per-service model exists to prevent). So the demote carries
-/// the interface name through.
+/// - `servers` non-empty → override `ServerAddresses` (demote to the fallback, or
+///   restore the prior resolvers).
+/// - `servers` empty → `d.remove ServerAddresses`, dropping only *our* override
+///   while keeping the rest of the dict (restore of a service that had no explicit
+///   prior `ServerAddresses`).
+///
+/// `InterfaceName` is preserved automatically by `get`; it is additionally
+/// re-added when known as a belt-and-suspenders guarantee that the demoted
+/// *physical* service stays identifiable to the detector (which anchors it by
+/// `InterfaceName == PrimaryInterface`; see the detector's `decide`), even on the
+/// missing-key path where `get` loaded nothing.
 pub(super) fn build_set_dns_script(
     key: &str,
     servers: &[String],
@@ -162,6 +172,8 @@ pub(super) fn build_set_dns_script(
     let mut script = String::new();
     script.push_str("open\n");
     script.push_str("d.init\n");
+    // Load the live dict so unmanaged fields ride through unchanged.
+    script.push_str(&format!("get {key}\n"));
     if !servers.is_empty() {
         script.push_str("d.add ServerAddresses *");
         for s in servers {
@@ -169,6 +181,9 @@ pub(super) fn build_set_dns_script(
             script.push_str(s);
         }
         script.push('\n');
+    } else {
+        // Drop only our ServerAddresses override; keep every other field.
+        script.push_str("d.remove ServerAddresses\n");
     }
     if let Some(iface) = interface_name {
         // A single-value key (no `*`): the interface the service is bound to.
@@ -179,13 +194,6 @@ pub(super) fn build_set_dns_script(
     script
 }
 
-/// Build the `scutil` script that removes `key` entirely (used on restore when
-/// the service had no prior explicit DNS — clearing ours lets SC repopulate the
-/// service's DNS from its real source).
-pub(super) fn build_remove_key_script(key: &str) -> String {
-    format!("open\nremove {key}\nquit\n")
-}
-
 /// The `State:/Network/Service/<id>/DNS` key for a service id.
 pub(super) fn service_dns_key(service_id: &str) -> String {
     format!("State:/Network/Service/{service_id}/DNS")
@@ -383,23 +391,19 @@ pub(super) fn restore(
 }
 
 /// Run the `scutil` write that restores one snapshot's service to its prior DNS.
-/// If the service had explicit prior servers, set them back (preserving the
-/// captured interface name); if it had none, remove the key so
-/// SystemConfiguration repopulates the service's DNS from its real source. Does
-/// not touch the snapshot store — the caller owns clearing it.
+/// Restores the prior `ServerAddresses` when there were any, otherwise removes
+/// only our `ServerAddresses` override — either way `get`-preserving the rest of
+/// the service's live DNS dict (so DHCP-provided SearchDomains/etc. survive the
+/// round-trip). Does not touch the snapshot store — the caller owns clearing it.
 fn restore_snapshot(
     scutil: &dyn ScutilRunner,
     snapshot: &DemoteSnapshot,
 ) -> Result<(), PlatformError> {
-    let script = if snapshot.prior_servers.is_empty() {
-        build_remove_key_script(&snapshot.service_dns_key)
-    } else {
-        build_set_dns_script(
-            &snapshot.service_dns_key,
-            &snapshot.prior_servers,
-            snapshot.interface_name.as_deref(),
-        )
-    };
+    let script = build_set_dns_script(
+        &snapshot.service_dns_key,
+        &snapshot.prior_servers,
+        snapshot.interface_name.as_deref(),
+    );
     scutil.run_script(&script)
 }
 
@@ -524,6 +528,7 @@ mod tests {
             script,
             "open\n\
              d.init\n\
+             get State:/Network/Service/ABC/DNS\n\
              d.add ServerAddresses * 198.51.100.1\n\
              d.add InterfaceName en0\n\
              set State:/Network/Service/ABC/DNS\n\
@@ -531,6 +536,27 @@ mod tests {
         );
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn set_dns_script_gets_the_live_dict_before_overriding_to_preserve_fields() {
+        // The P2 invariant: `get` the existing dict BEFORE overriding
+        // ServerAddresses so unmanaged DHCP/VPN fields (SearchDomains, DomainName,
+        // SupplementalMatchDomains, …) ride through instead of being replaced by a
+        // minimal dict.
+        let script = build_set_dns_script(
+            "State:/Network/Service/ABC/DNS",
+            &["203.0.113.9".to_string()],
+            Some("en0"),
+        );
+        let get_at = script.find("get State:/Network/Service/ABC/DNS\n").unwrap();
+        let override_at = script.find("d.add ServerAddresses").unwrap();
+        assert!(
+            get_at < override_at,
+            "must load the live dict with `get` before overriding ServerAddresses"
+        );
+        // No bare-init minimal write that would replace the whole dict.
+        assert!(!script.contains("d.init\nd.add ServerAddresses"));
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn set_dns_script_omits_the_interface_when_unknown() {
         let script = build_set_dns_script(
@@ -553,21 +579,17 @@ mod tests {
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn set_dns_script_with_no_servers_omits_the_add_but_keeps_the_interface() {
+    fn set_dns_script_with_no_servers_removes_only_our_server_addresses() {
+        // No prior servers → drop our ServerAddresses override (after `get`-ing the
+        // live dict) rather than adding any, keeping every other field intact.
         let script = build_set_dns_script("State:/Network/Service/ABC/DNS", &[], Some("en0"));
+        assert!(script.contains("get State:/Network/Service/ABC/DNS\n"));
+        assert!(script.contains("d.remove ServerAddresses\n"));
         assert!(!script.contains("d.add ServerAddresses"));
         assert!(script.contains("d.add InterfaceName en0\n"));
         assert!(script.contains("set State:/Network/Service/ABC/DNS\n"));
     }
 
-    #[test]
-    fn remove_key_script_removes_the_key() {
-        assert_eq!(
-            build_remove_key_script("State:/Network/Service/ABC/DNS"),
-            "open\nremove State:/Network/Service/ABC/DNS\nquit\n"
-        );
-    }
-
     #[test]
     fn service_dns_key_is_well_formed() {
         assert_eq!(
@@ -739,9 +761,10 @@ mod tests {
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn restore_removes_the_key_when_no_prior_servers() {
-        // A service with no explicit prior DNS: restore removes our override so
-        // SC repopulates from the real source, rather than pinning empty.
+    fn restore_clears_only_our_servers_when_there_were_no_prior_ones() {
+        // A service with no explicit prior ServerAddresses: restore drops just our
+        // override (d.remove ServerAddresses) after `get`-ing the live dict, so any
+        // DHCP-provided SearchDomains/etc. are preserved rather than wiped.
         let scutil = FakeScutil::up();
         scutil.set_service_state(
             "State:/Network/Service/ABC/DNS",
@@ -757,7 +780,10 @@ mod tests {
         restore(&scutil, &snaps).unwrap();
         let scripts = scutil.scripts.borrow();
         assert_eq!(scripts.len(), 1);
-        assert!(scripts[0].starts_with("open\nremove State:/Network/Service/ABC/DNS\n"));
+        assert!(scripts[0].contains("get State:/Network/Service/ABC/DNS\n"));
+        assert!(scripts[0].contains("d.remove ServerAddresses\n"));
+        assert!(!scripts[0].contains("d.add ServerAddresses"));
+        assert!(scripts[0].contains("set State:/Network/Service/ABC/DNS\n"));
     }
 
     #[test]
diff --git a/splitway-daemon/src/detector/macos/detector.rs b/splitway-daemon/src/detector/macos/detector.rs
index 4a27810..83c9451 100644
--- a/splitway-daemon/src/detector/macos/detector.rs
+++ b/splitway-daemon/src/detector/macos/detector.rs
@@ -66,9 +66,18 @@ fn read_dns_model() -> Result<DnsModel, PlatformError> {
     let primary_service = parse_scalar_field(&global_ipv4_dump, "PrimaryService");
 
     // Enumerate every per-service DNS key and read its id + InterfaceName + servers.
+    // `scutil`'s `list` does NOT print bare keys: each match is a prefixed row
+    // (`subKey [<n>] = State:/.../DNS`), so the key must be parsed out of the row
+    // before it is shown — otherwise every `show` is fed the whole row, returns
+    // `No such key`, and the model stays empty (detection always "down").
     let listing = scutil_list("State:/Network/Service/.*/DNS")?;
     let mut services = Vec::new();
-    for key in listing.lines().map(str::trim).filter(|l| !l.is_empty()) {
+    for row in listing.lines() {
+        let key = parse_list_key(row);
+        // Skip blank/header rows and anything outside the listed pattern.
+        if !key.starts_with("State:/Network/Service/") {
+            continue;
+        }
         let dump = match scutil_show(key) {
             Ok(dump) => dump,
             // A key that vanished between list and show is skipped, not fatal.
@@ -95,6 +104,20 @@ fn read_dns_model() -> Result<DnsModel, PlatformError> {
     })
 }
 
+/// Extract the dynamic-store key from one `scutil list` output row. `scutil`
+/// prints each match as `  subKey [<n>] = State:/Network/Service/<id>/DNS`, not
+/// as a bare key, so the `subKey [n] = ` prefix must be stripped before the key
+/// can be passed to `show` / [`service_id_from_key`]. A row without the ` = `
+/// marker is returned trimmed (defensive); the caller filters anything that is
+/// not a service DNS key.
+fn parse_list_key(row: &str) -> &str {
+    let row = row.trim();
+    match row.rsplit_once(" = ") {
+        Some((_, key)) => key.trim(),
+        None => row,
+    }
+}
+
 /// Extract the `<id>` from a `State:/Network/Service/<id>/DNS` key, so it can be
 /// matched against `PrimaryService`. Returns the whole key if it does not fit
 /// the expected shape (so an unexpected key never silently collides with a real
@@ -159,7 +182,30 @@ fn scutil_script(script: &str) -> Result<String, PlatformError> {
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
-    use super::service_id_from_key;
+    use super::{parse_list_key, service_id_from_key};
+
+    #[test]
+    fn parse_list_key_strips_the_scutil_subkey_prefix() {
+        // The real `scutil list` row shape — the key must be parsed out, not shown
+        // verbatim (the bug: the whole row went to `show` → `No such key`).
+        assert_eq!(
+            parse_list_key("  subKey [0] = State:/Network/Service/ABC-123/DNS"),
+            "State:/Network/Service/ABC-123/DNS"
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            parse_list_key("subKey [12] = State:/Network/Service/XYZ/DNS"),
+            "State:/Network/Service/XYZ/DNS"
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn parse_list_key_passes_a_bare_key_through() {
+        // Defensive: a row already in bare-key form is returned trimmed.
+        assert_eq!(
+            parse_list_key("  State:/Network/Service/ABC/DNS  "),
+            "State:/Network/Service/ABC/DNS"
+        );
+    }
 
     #[test]
     fn service_id_from_key_extracts_the_id() {
diff --git a/splitway-daemon/src/detector/macos/parser.rs b/splitway-daemon/src/detector/macos/parser.rs
index b667d7a..619f5eb 100644
--- a/splitway-daemon/src/detector/macos/parser.rs
+++ b/splitway-daemon/src/detector/macos/parser.rs
@@ -17,10 +17,17 @@
 //!
 //! The **physical service** is the one whose id is the primary service (falling
 //! back to the primary interface name); its resolver is the demote-target. A
-//! **VPN service** is any *other* service whose DNS differs from the physical
-//! resolver — a non-physical resolver is in play → **VPN is up**, and its
-//! resolver is the corp DNS. The decision keys on this structural *difference*,
-//! never on any vendor/product string, so it generalises across VPN clients.
+//! **VPN service** is any *other* service that (a) carries DNS differing from the
+//! physical resolver AND (b) is plausibly the **default-resolver hijacker** —
+//! i.e. it rides the primary interface's own default route, runs on a tunnel
+//! pseudo-interface (`utun`/`ppp`/`ipsec`/…), or reports no interface (an
+//! unscoped/default resolver). A service bound to a *distinct hardware* interface
+//! (a second Ethernet/Wi-Fi/cellular link while another is primary) is a parallel
+//! physical network, not a hijacker: its differing DHCP resolver must **not** read
+//! as "VPN up". When such a hijacker service exists → **VPN is up** and its
+//! resolver is the corp DNS. The decision keys on this structural *difference* and
+//! on interface *kind* (the stable BSD driver prefix), never on any vendor/product
+//! string, so it generalises across VPN clients.
 //!
 //! Detection deliberately does **not** read `State:/Network/Global/DNS`: Splitway's
 //! own demote overwrites the physical service's DNS, which can change the global
@@ -166,15 +173,18 @@ pub(crate) fn parse_scalar_field(dump: &str, field: &str) -> Option<String> {
 /// mutable global default — see [`DnsModel`]).
 ///
 /// The physical service is the one bound to the primary interface; its DNS is
-/// the demote-target. A **VPN service** is any *other* service that carries DNS
-/// differing from the physical service's. VPN is **up** iff such a service
+/// the demote-target. A **VPN service** is any *other* service that both carries
+/// DNS differing from the physical service's AND looks like the default-resolver
+/// hijacker (see [`is_default_resolver_hijacker`]) — so a benign secondary
+/// physical network is not mistaken for a VPN. VPN is **up** iff such a service
 /// exists, and `corp_dns` is its resolver.
 ///
 /// Edge cases, all → [`Detected::Down`] (no false-positive apply):
 /// - no primary interface (offline) — nothing to anchor on;
 /// - no physical service DNS found — cannot determine the demote-target, and a
 ///   demote to nothing is worse than not applying, so stay conservative;
-/// - no non-physical service whose DNS differs from the physical — no VPN.
+/// - the only services differing from the physical are distinct secondary
+///   physical networks (not the hijacker) — no VPN.
 pub(super) fn decide(model: &DnsModel) -> Detected {
     // No primary network at all → nothing is in play.
     // A primary network must exist to anchor on (offline → nothing in play).
@@ -204,10 +214,18 @@ pub(super) fn decide(model: &DnsModel) -> Detected {
     // demote (which sets the physical service's DNS to the fallback) — the VPN's
     // own service still differs — and never mistakes the physical service for a
     // VPN. This signal is independent of the mutable global default.
+    //
+    // The differing service must ALSO be the default-resolver hijacker, not a
+    // distinct secondary physical network (e.g. Wi-Fi associated while Ethernet is
+    // primary, with its own DHCP DNS) — otherwise that benign secondary resolver
+    // would be a false "VPN up". The hijacker filter precedes the difference check
+    // so, with both a real VPN and a secondary network present, the VPN is still
+    // found regardless of service order.
     let vpn_dns = model
         .services
         .iter()
         .filter(|s| s.service_id != physical.service_id && !s.servers.is_empty())
+        .filter(|s| is_default_resolver_hijacker(s, model.primary_interface.as_deref()))
         .find(|s| !same_set(&s.servers, &physical.servers))
         .map(|s| &s.servers);
 
@@ -232,6 +250,44 @@ fn same_set(a: &[String], b: &[String]) -> bool {
     a_sorted == b_sorted
 }
 
+/// macOS tunnel / virtual interface name prefixes. A global-default-hijack VPN
+/// rides one of these pseudo-interfaces (or the primary interface itself); a
+/// *secondary physical* network (Wi-Fi while Ethernet is primary, a second
+/// Ethernet, cellular, a VM/Thunderbolt bridge, …) is bound to a distinct
+/// hardware interface that is none of these. Matching by interface *kind* (the
+/// stable BSD driver prefix) — never a vendor/product string — keeps the detector
+/// vendor-neutral while still excluding parallel physical networks.
+const TUNNEL_INTERFACE_PREFIXES: [&str; 5] = ["utun", "ppp", "ipsec", "tun", "tap"];
+
+/// Whether an interface name is a tunnel / virtual pseudo-interface (a VPN
+/// carrier) rather than a hardware link.
+fn is_tunnel_interface(iface: &str) -> bool {
+    TUNNEL_INTERFACE_PREFIXES
+        .iter()
+        .any(|prefix| iface.starts_with(prefix))
+}
+
+/// Whether a (non-physical) service is plausibly the **default-resolver
+/// hijacker** rather than a benign secondary physical network.
+///
+/// A VPN that hijacks the system default resolver either rides the primary
+/// interface's own default route (its service reports the *primary* interface),
+/// runs on a tunnel pseudo-interface (`utun`/`ppp`/`ipsec`/…), or registers an
+/// unscoped/default resolver (its service reports *no* interface). A service
+/// bound to a *distinct hardware* interface is a parallel physical network — a
+/// second Ethernet/Wi-Fi/cellular link — and its differing DHCP resolver must NOT
+/// read as "VPN up". This signal is stable under Splitway's own demote (it does
+/// not depend on the mutable global default).
+fn is_default_resolver_hijacker(service: &ServiceDns, primary_interface: Option<&str>) -> bool {
+    match service.interface_name.as_deref() {
+        // No interface → an unscoped / default (global-path) resolver.
+        None => true,
+        // Rides the primary default route, or is a VPN tunnel pseudo-interface.
+        // Anything else is a distinct secondary physical link → not a hijacker.
+        Some(iface) => Some(iface) == primary_interface || is_tunnel_interface(iface),
+    }
+}
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
@@ -508,18 +564,17 @@ mod tests {
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn decision_ignores_utun_interfaces_entirely() {
-        // Proof no `utun` is keyed on: the decision compares per-service DNS
-        // against the physical resolver, never a utun name. A utun service with
-        // its own DNS that differs from physical reads as "a VPN service"
-        // structurally — by its DNS, not its name.
+    fn a_tunnel_vpn_is_detected_by_its_differing_dns_not_its_index() {
+        // No SPECIFIC utun index/name is keyed on: a tunnel VPN is recognised by
+        // its differing DNS, and its interface only has to be a tunnel *kind*
+        // (utun/ppp/ipsec/…) — never a particular name — to qualify as a hijacker.
         let m = model(
             Some("en0"),
             Some("phys"),
             vec![
                 svc("phys", Some("en0"), &["198.51.100.1"]),
                 // Whatever the tunnel interface is named (utun index varies), it
-                // is recognised by its differing DNS, not its name.
+                // is recognised as a tunnel kind carrying differing DNS.
                 svc("vpn", Some("utun7"), &["192.0.2.53"]),
             ],
         );
@@ -532,6 +587,97 @@ mod tests {
         );
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn a_secondary_physical_network_is_not_mistaken_for_a_vpn() {
+        // The P1 false positive: Ethernet en0 is primary while Wi-Fi en1 stays
+        // associated with its own DHCP resolver that differs from en0's. With NO
+        // VPN running, en1 is a distinct *hardware* interface (not the primary,
+        // not a tunnel) → a parallel network, not the default-resolver hijacker →
+        // Down (no false apply of the corp domains to the Wi-Fi resolver).
+        let m = model(
+            Some("en0"),
+            Some("phys"),
+            vec![
+                svc("phys", Some("en0"), &["198.51.100.1"]),
+                svc("wifi", Some("en1"), &["198.51.100.99"]), // secondary DHCP DNS
+            ],
+        );
+        assert_eq!(decide(&m), Detected::Down);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn a_tunnel_vpn_is_found_even_alongside_a_secondary_physical_network() {
+        // A real VPN (utun) AND a secondary physical Wi-Fi are both present, with
+        // the secondary listed FIRST. The secondary en1 is excluded; the tunnel
+        // hijacker is still found → Up with the VPN's corp DNS (order-insensitive).
+        let m = model(
+            Some("en0"),
+            Some("phys"),
+            vec![
+                svc("wifi", Some("en1"), &["198.51.100.99"]), // secondary, listed first
+                svc("phys", Some("en0"), &["198.51.100.1"]),
+                svc("vpn", Some("utun4"), &["192.0.2.53"]),
+            ],
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            decide(&m),
+            Detected::Up {
+                corp_dns: vec!["192.0.2.53".to_string()],
+                demote_target: vec!["198.51.100.1".to_string()],
+            }
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn an_unscoped_hijacker_with_no_interface_is_detected() {
+        // A global-default-hijack VPN whose own service entry carries no
+        // InterfaceName is an unscoped/default resolver → still a hijacker → Up.
+        let m = model(
+            Some("en0"),
+            Some("phys"),
+            vec![
+                svc("phys", Some("en0"), &["198.51.100.1"]),
+                ServiceDns {
+                    service_id: "vpn".to_string(),
+                    interface_name: None,
+                    servers: vec!["192.0.2.53".to_string()],
+                },
+            ],
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            decide(&m),
+            Detected::Up {
+                corp_dns: vec!["192.0.2.53".to_string()],
+                demote_target: vec!["198.51.100.1".to_string()],
+            }
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn hijacker_predicate_classifies_by_interface_kind() {
+        // Primary interface en0. Hijackers: the primary itself, any tunnel kind,
+        // or no interface. Non-hijackers: a distinct secondary hardware link.
+        let primary = Some("en0");
+        let h = |iface: Option<&str>| {
+            is_default_resolver_hijacker(&svc("s", iface, &["192.0.2.53"]), primary)
+        };
+        assert!(h(Some("en0")), "rides the primary default route");
+        assert!(
+            h(Some("utun4")) && h(Some("ppp0")) && h(Some("ipsec0")),
+            "tunnel kinds"
+        );
+        assert!(h(None), "unscoped/default resolver");
+        assert!(
+            !h(Some("en1")),
+            "a second Ethernet/Wi-Fi is a secondary network"
+        );
+        assert!(
+            !h(Some("bridge100")),
+            "a VM/Thunderbolt bridge is a secondary network"
+        );
+        assert!(!h(Some("pdp_ip0")), "cellular is a secondary network");
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn full_fixture_parse_then_decide_is_up() {
         // End-to-end over the real-form dumps: parse the primary interface +

From 4f68d3583aacf11de9326a1704cd3f5935103756 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: stslex <ilya977.077@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 28 Jun 2026 14:42:41 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 38/51] =?UTF-8?q?fix(daemon):=20macOS=20demote=20=E2=80=94?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=20refresh=20a=20stale=20same-service=20snapshot=20+=20flush=20?=
 =?UTF-8?q?cache=20on=20restore-only=20revert=20(Codex=20P2/P2)?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

Two more P2 findings from the re-review of the macOS demote.

P2 — the same-service snapshot could go stale. When the same primary service
stayed active but its DHCP resolver changed (a new lease) and the watcher
re-emitted Up, `demote` kept the original snapshot, so a later `restore` wrote the
pre-change resolver back over the current DHCP one — disconnecting the VPN could
leave macOS on the previous network's DNS. The same-service branch now reads the
service's live DNS: if it differs from our fallback (the real resolver changed
under us) it refreshes the snapshot to the current resolver; if it still shows our
fallback it keeps the original (so we never snapshot our own fallback as the
"prior").

P2 — a restore-only revert skipped the cache flush. `revert_rules` flushed only
when resolver files were removed, but a revert also restores any demoted default.
If the files were already gone (e.g. a prior partial revert removed them before a
failed `scutil` restore, then a retry succeeds) the default DNS changed while
`removed == 0`, so the stale cache kept serving demoted/default answers.
`demote::restore` now reports whether it restored a snapshot, `revert_with`
returns `RevertOutcome { removed, restored_default }`, and `revert_rules` flushes
when either changed.

New/updated unit tests cover same-service keep-vs-refresh and a revert that
reports a restore with zero files removed. Tests/synthetic-fixtures only (RFC 5737
placeholders). Verified: fmt and x86_64-apple-darwin cargo check + clippy
-D warnings (--all-targets) green; macOS test execution runs on CI.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 splitway-daemon/src/backend/macos/backend.rs | 81 +++++++++++++++---
 splitway-daemon/src/backend/macos/demote.rs  | 89 +++++++++++++++++---
 2 files changed, 146 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/splitway-daemon/src/backend/macos/backend.rs b/splitway-daemon/src/backend/macos/backend.rs
index b362cb5..9ad6862 100644
--- a/splitway-daemon/src/backend/macos/backend.rs
+++ b/splitway-daemon/src/backend/macos/backend.rs
@@ -41,15 +41,22 @@ impl DnsBackend for MacosBackend {
     }
 
     fn revert_rules(&self, _interface: &str) -> Result<(), PlatformError> {
-        let removed = revert_with(
+        let outcome = revert_with(
             Path::new(RESOLVER_DIR),
             &demote::RealScutil,
             &demote::FileSnapshotStore::new(),
         )?;
-        if removed > 0 {
+        // Flush when EITHER resolver files were removed OR a demoted default was
+        // restored — restoring the default changes resolution even when no files
+        // were removed (e.g. a retried revert after the files were already gone),
+        // so the cache must not keep serving the demoted/default answers.
+        if outcome.removed > 0 || outcome.restored_default {
             flush_dns_cache();
         }
-        log::info!("reverted {removed} splitway resolver file(s) and restored any demoted default");
+        log::info!(
+            "reverted {} splitway resolver file(s) and restored any demoted default",
+            outcome.removed
+        );
         Ok(())
     }
 
@@ -143,10 +150,18 @@ fn apply_with(
     Ok(())
 }
 
+/// What a revert changed: how many managed resolver files were removed, and
+/// whether a demoted system default was restored. Either being non-trivial means
+/// resolution changed and the DNS cache must be flushed.
+struct RevertOutcome {
+    removed: usize,
+    restored_default: bool,
+}
+
 /// The revert pipeline, parameterized over the resolver dir and the demote seam.
 /// Removes every managed `/etc/resolver` file AND restores any demoted system
-/// default from the on-disk snapshot. Returns the number of resolver files
-/// removed (so the caller can decide whether a cache flush is warranted).
+/// default from the on-disk snapshot. Reports both (see [`RevertOutcome`]) so the
+/// caller can flush the DNS cache when either changed.
 ///
 /// The restore runs even when no resolver files were removed: a prior run may
 /// have demoted without (or after pruning) resolver files, and the snapshot is
@@ -157,12 +172,15 @@ fn revert_with(
     dir: &Path,
     scutil: &dyn demote::ScutilRunner,
     snapshots: &dyn demote::SnapshotStore,
-) -> Result<usize, PlatformError> {
+) -> Result<RevertOutcome, PlatformError> {
     let removed = remove_managed(dir, None).map_err(|e| {
         PlatformError::CommandFailed(format!("failed to remove resolver files: {e}"))
     })?;
-    demote::restore(scutil, snapshots)?;
-    Ok(removed)
+    let restored_default = demote::restore(scutil, snapshots)?;
+    Ok(RevertOutcome {
+        removed,
+        restored_default,
+    })
 }
 
 /// Prior on-disk state of a resolver file before this apply touched it, used to
@@ -550,8 +568,12 @@ mod tests {
         .unwrap();
         scutil.scripts.borrow_mut().clear();
 
-        let removed = revert_with(&dir, &scutil, &snaps).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(removed, 1, "the one managed resolver file is removed");
+        let outcome = revert_with(&dir, &scutil, &snaps).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(
+            outcome.removed, 1,
+            "the one managed resolver file is removed"
+        );
+        assert!(outcome.restored_default, "the demoted default was restored");
         assert!(!dir.join("corp.example.com").exists());
         // The default was restored to the snapshotted prior servers, and the
         // snapshot cleared.
@@ -567,11 +589,46 @@ mod tests {
         let dir = temp_dir("revert-noop");
         let scutil = FakeScutil::up();
         let snaps = MemSnapshots::default();
-        let removed = revert_with(&dir, &scutil, &snaps).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(removed, 0);
+        let outcome = revert_with(&dir, &scutil, &snaps).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(outcome.removed, 0);
+        assert!(!outcome.restored_default);
         assert!(scutil.scripts.borrow().is_empty());
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn revert_with_reports_a_restore_even_when_no_files_were_removed() {
+        // P2: the resolver files were already gone (removed == 0) but a demote
+        // snapshot still exists (e.g. a prior revert removed the files, then the
+        // scutil restore failed; this retry restores the default). revert_with must
+        // report the restore so the caller still flushes the DNS cache.
+        let dir = temp_dir("revert-restore-only");
+        let scutil = FakeScutil::up();
+        let snaps = MemSnapshots::default();
+        apply_with(
+            &dir,
+            &["192.0.2.53".to_string()],
+            &["corp.example.com".to_string()],
+            Some(&["198.51.100.1".to_string()]),
+            &scutil,
+            &snaps,
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+        // Simulate the resolver file already being gone from a prior partial revert.
+        fs::remove_file(dir.join("corp.example.com")).unwrap();
+        scutil.scripts.borrow_mut().clear();
+
+        let outcome = revert_with(&dir, &scutil, &snaps).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(outcome.removed, 0, "no resolver files left to remove");
+        assert!(
+            outcome.restored_default,
+            "the demoted default was still restored → caller must flush"
+        );
+        assert!(
+            snaps.slot.borrow().is_none(),
+            "snapshot cleared after restore"
+        );
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn apply_writes_one_marked_file_per_domain() {
         let dir = temp_dir("apply-writes");
diff --git a/splitway-daemon/src/backend/macos/demote.rs b/splitway-daemon/src/backend/macos/demote.rs
index cbad33e..e1438f6 100644
--- a/splitway-daemon/src/backend/macos/demote.rs
+++ b/splitway-daemon/src/backend/macos/demote.rs
@@ -299,6 +299,19 @@ impl SnapshotStore for FileSnapshotStore {
     }
 }
 
+/// Order-insensitive equality of two resolver lists (treated as sets) — used to
+/// tell whether a service's live DNS is still our fallback or a new real resolver.
+fn same_server_set(a: &[String], b: &[String]) -> bool {
+    if a.len() != b.len() {
+        return false;
+    }
+    let mut a: Vec<&String> = a.iter().collect();
+    let mut b: Vec<&String> = b.iter().collect();
+    a.sort();
+    b.sort();
+    a == b
+}
+
 /// Demote the system default resolver to `fallback`, snapshotting the prior
 /// primary-service DNS first so [`restore`] can undo it. Idempotent: re-running
 /// with the same fallback is a no-op-equivalent (it re-sets the same servers);
@@ -326,15 +339,29 @@ pub(super) fn demote(
     // Snapshot handling, keyed by the service we are about to demote:
     //
     // - No snapshot yet → capture this service's prior DNS (the first demote).
-    // - A snapshot for THIS SAME service → keep it (a reconcile re-apply must not
-    //   snapshot our own fallback as the "prior").
+    // - A snapshot for THIS SAME service → keep it, UNLESS the service's live DNS
+    //   has changed to something other than our fallback (a DHCP renewal handed the
+    //   same service a new resolver and the watcher re-emitted Up): then refresh
+    //   the snapshot to the current resolver, so a later restore writes back the
+    //   latest service DNS rather than the stale pre-change one. A reconcile
+    //   re-apply where the service still shows our fallback keeps the snapshot (we
+    //   must never capture our own fallback as the "prior").
     // - A snapshot for a DIFFERENT service (the primary changed while up — e.g. a
     //   Wi-Fi↔Ethernet switch) → restore that previous service from its snapshot
     //   first, so it is not left stranded on our fallback, then capture and demote
     //   the new primary. Exactly one service is ever demoted at a time.
     match snapshots.load() {
         Some(existing) if existing.service_dns_key == key => {
-            // Same service — keep the original prior snapshot.
+            let current = scutil.service_dns_state(&key)?;
+            if !current.servers.is_empty() && !same_server_set(&current.servers, fallback) {
+                // The service's real DNS changed under us → refresh the snapshot.
+                snapshots.save(&DemoteSnapshot {
+                    service_dns_key: key.clone(),
+                    interface_name: current.interface_name,
+                    prior_servers: current.servers,
+                })?;
+            }
+            // else: still our fallback (or no DNS) → keep the original snapshot.
         }
         Some(existing) => {
             // Primary changed: un-demote the old service, then snapshot the new.
@@ -374,20 +401,21 @@ fn capture_snapshot(
     })
 }
 
-/// Restore the demoted default from the snapshot, then clear it. A missing
-/// snapshot is a clean no-op (nothing was demoted, or already restored). Always
-/// clears the snapshot on success so a later demote re-snaps.
+/// Restore the demoted default from the snapshot, then clear it. Returns whether
+/// a snapshot was present and restored (so the caller can flush the DNS cache
+/// even when no resolver files were removed). A missing snapshot is a clean no-op
+/// → `Ok(false)`. Always clears the snapshot on success so a later demote re-snaps.
 pub(super) fn restore(
     scutil: &dyn ScutilRunner,
     snapshots: &dyn SnapshotStore,
-) -> Result<(), PlatformError> {
+) -> Result<bool, PlatformError> {
     let Some(snapshot) = snapshots.load() else {
-        return Ok(()); // nothing demoted
+        return Ok(false); // nothing demoted
     };
     restore_snapshot(scutil, &snapshot)?;
     snapshots.clear();
     log::info!("restored the system default resolver from the demote snapshot");
-    Ok(())
+    Ok(true)
 }
 
 /// Run the `scutil` write that restores one snapshot's service to its prior DNS.
@@ -656,13 +684,21 @@ mod tests {
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn redemote_does_not_overwrite_the_original_snapshot() {
+    fn redemote_same_service_still_on_our_fallback_keeps_the_snapshot() {
         let scutil = FakeScutil::up();
         let snaps = MemSnapshots::default();
         demote(&scutil, &snaps, &["203.0.113.9".to_string()]).unwrap();
         let after_first = snaps.load().unwrap();
-        // A second demote (same primary) must keep the ORIGINAL prior, not
-        // snapshot our own fallback.
+        // The demote took effect: the service now reports OUR fallback as its DNS.
+        scutil.set_service_state(
+            "State:/Network/Service/ABC/DNS",
+            ServiceDnsState {
+                interface_name: Some("en0".to_string()),
+                servers: vec!["203.0.113.9".to_string()],
+            },
+        );
+        // A second demote (same primary, still our fallback) must keep the ORIGINAL
+        // prior, not snapshot our own fallback.
         demote(&scutil, &snaps, &["203.0.113.9".to_string()]).unwrap();
         assert_eq!(snaps.load().unwrap(), after_first);
         assert_eq!(
@@ -672,6 +708,35 @@ mod tests {
         );
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn redemote_same_service_refreshes_the_snapshot_when_the_dhcp_dns_changed() {
+        // P2: the SAME primary service stays active but its DHCP resolver changes
+        // (a new lease overwrites our fallback) and the watcher re-emits Up. The
+        // snapshot must refresh to the NEW resolver, so a later restore writes back
+        // the latest service DNS instead of pinning the pre-change one.
+        let scutil = FakeScutil::up();
+        let snaps = MemSnapshots::default();
+        demote(&scutil, &snaps, &["203.0.113.9".to_string()]).unwrap();
+        // DHCP hands the same service a new resolver.
+        scutil.set_service_state(
+            "State:/Network/Service/ABC/DNS",
+            ServiceDnsState {
+                interface_name: Some("en0".to_string()),
+                servers: vec!["198.51.100.77".to_string()],
+            },
+        );
+        demote(&scutil, &snaps, &["203.0.113.9".to_string()]).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(
+            snaps.load().unwrap(),
+            snap(
+                "State:/Network/Service/ABC/DNS",
+                Some("en0"),
+                &["198.51.100.77"]
+            ),
+            "the snapshot must track the new DHCP resolver so restore is not stale"
+        );
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn demote_on_a_changed_primary_restores_the_old_then_snapshots_the_new() {
         // P2: the primary service changes while up (e.g. Wi-Fi → Ethernet) with a

From f4de18938a303cc5328e045899dc2dcea1cb43ba Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: stslex <ilya977.077@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 28 Jun 2026 15:33:49 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 39/51] =?UTF-8?q?fix(daemon):=20macOS=20=E2=80=94=20restor?=
 =?UTF-8?q?e=20the=20prior=20scope=20on=20a=20demote-failure=20rollback=20?=
 =?UTF-8?q?+=20watch=20Global/IPv4=20(Codex=20P2/P2)?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

Two more P2 findings from the re-review.

P2 — a demote-failure rollback during a re-apply wiped the working scope.
`apply_with`'s rollback removed every managed `/etc/resolver` file, so if a
re-apply's scope write succeeded but the demote then failed (a transient `scutil`
hiccup), the previously-working split DNS — for unchanged AND dropped domains —
was deleted until a later retry, a half-configured state. `apply_to_dir` now
returns the journal of every change it made (files overwritten, created, and —
newly journaled — pruned), and `apply_with` rolls back exactly that on a demote
failure, restoring the prior scope file-for-file. `remove_managed` gained an
optional journal parameter so a prune is undoable along with the writes.

P2 — the watcher missed the Global IPv4 key that detection reads.
`current_vpn_state` reads `State:/Network/Global/IPv4` for `PrimaryService`/
`PrimaryInterface`, but the watch only armed Global DNS plus the per-service/
interface patterns. macOS can switch the primary route between already-configured
services by updating only `Global/IPv4` without touching any watched DNS key,
leaving the daemon asleep with a stale primary-service decision and demote target.
Add `State:/Network/Global/IPv4` to the watched keys.

New test: a re-apply whose demote fails restores the overwritten file's prior
content and re-creates the pruned file. Tests/synthetic-fixtures only (RFC 5737
placeholders). Verified: fmt and x86_64-apple-darwin cargo check + clippy
-D warnings (--all-targets) green; macOS test execution runs on CI. `watch.rs` is
FFI glue (intentionally not unit-tested).

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 splitway-daemon/src/backend/macos/backend.rs | 125 ++++++++++++++-----
 splitway-daemon/src/detector/macos/watch.rs  |  20 +--
 2 files changed, 110 insertions(+), 35 deletions(-)

diff --git a/splitway-daemon/src/backend/macos/backend.rs b/splitway-daemon/src/backend/macos/backend.rs
index 9ad6862..f26f5f7 100644
--- a/splitway-daemon/src/backend/macos/backend.rs
+++ b/splitway-daemon/src/backend/macos/backend.rs
@@ -122,10 +122,12 @@ impl DnsBackend for MacosBackend {
 ///    `/etc/resolver` (itself transactional; rolls back on any failure).
 /// 2. **Demote** — when `fallback` is `Some` (the VPN hijacked the system
 ///    default), [`demote::demote`] sends non-corp DNS off-tunnel. If it fails,
-///    the resolver scope from step 1 is rolled back so the system is never left
-///    half-changed (scoped but with the default still hijacked), and the demote
-///    error is surfaced. The demote's own snapshot still lets a later revert
-///    restore the default even if this rollback is incomplete.
+///    step 1's writes are rolled back **to the exact pre-apply scope** so the
+///    system is never left half-changed (scoped but with the default still
+///    hijacked), and the demote error is surfaced. Rolling back this apply's
+///    journal — not a blanket managed-file removal — means a re-apply whose
+///    demote fails restores the previously-working split DNS instead of wiping
+///    it. The demote's own snapshot still lets a later revert restore the default.
 fn apply_with(
     dir: &Path,
     servers: &[String],
@@ -134,16 +136,15 @@ fn apply_with(
     scutil: &dyn demote::ScutilRunner,
     snapshots: &dyn demote::SnapshotStore,
 ) -> Result<(), PlatformError> {
-    apply_to_dir(dir, servers, domains)?;
+    let journal = apply_to_dir(dir, servers, domains)?;
 
     if let Some(fallback) = fallback {
         if let Err(e) = demote::demote(scutil, snapshots, fallback) {
-            // Undo the scope just written so no partial state remains.
-            if let Err(rollback_err) = remove_managed(dir, None) {
-                log::error!(
-                    "demote failed and rolling back the resolver scope also failed: {rollback_err}"
-                );
-            }
+            // Undo exactly this apply's scope changes — overwritten files back to
+            // their prior bytes, newly-created and pruned files undone — so a
+            // transient demote failure restores the prior scope rather than
+            // dropping every managed resolver file.
+            rollback(&journal);
             return Err(e);
         }
     }
@@ -173,7 +174,7 @@ fn revert_with(
     scutil: &dyn demote::ScutilRunner,
     snapshots: &dyn demote::SnapshotStore,
 ) -> Result<RevertOutcome, PlatformError> {
-    let removed = remove_managed(dir, None).map_err(|e| {
+    let removed = remove_managed(dir, None, None).map_err(|e| {
         PlatformError::CommandFailed(format!("failed to remove resolver files: {e}"))
     })?;
     let restored_default = demote::restore(scutil, snapshots)?;
@@ -185,6 +186,7 @@ fn revert_with(
 
 /// Prior on-disk state of a resolver file before this apply touched it, used to
 /// undo a failed apply.
+#[derive(Debug)]
 enum Prior {
     /// The file existed; these are its bytes, restored on rollback.
     Existed(Vec<u8>),
@@ -203,7 +205,15 @@ enum Prior {
 /// never a partial or empty set. Then prunes our now-unwanted files; a prune
 /// failure is returned (not swallowed) so the caller retries rather than
 /// recording success while a dropped domain's file keeps routing.
-fn apply_to_dir(dir: &Path, servers: &[String], domains: &[String]) -> Result<(), PlatformError> {
+///
+/// On success returns the **journal** of every change made (files overwritten,
+/// created, and pruned), so a caller (the apply pipeline) can undo exactly this
+/// reconcile — restoring the prior scope — if a *later* step (the demote) fails.
+fn apply_to_dir(
+    dir: &Path,
+    servers: &[String],
+    domains: &[String],
+) -> Result<Vec<(PathBuf, Prior)>, PlatformError> {
     // Reject names that are not safe single path components before touching the
     // filesystem: `dir.join("../x")` would escape /etc/resolver, and a
     // slash-containing name would never match the single-component filenames
@@ -286,20 +296,17 @@ fn apply_to_dir(dir: &Path, servers: &[String], domains: &[String]) -> Result<()
 
     let keep: BTreeSet<&str> = domains.iter().map(String::as_str).collect();
     // Surface prune failures: a leftover file for a dropped domain keeps routing
-    // it through the VPN. Roll back this call's writes first — on a failed
-    // reconcile the state machine does not record `applied`, so newly-created
-    // files left behind would be skipped by a later revert. This undoes only
-    // this call's writes; a partially-completed prune is not un-deleted, but
-    // prune only ever removes files that are being dropped or are already stale,
-    // so those deletions are safe to leave. The result stays consistent with the
-    // retained `applied` state.
-    if let Err(e) = remove_managed(dir, Some(&keep)) {
+    // it through the VPN. The prune records each removed file into `written` (as
+    // `Prior::Existed`), so on a prune failure — or a later demote failure — the
+    // rollback restores the pruned files too, leaving the prior scope exactly as
+    // it was rather than a partial set.
+    if let Err(e) = remove_managed(dir, Some(&keep), Some(&mut written)) {
         rollback(&written);
         return Err(PlatformError::CommandFailed(format!(
             "failed to prune stale resolver files: {e}"
         )));
     }
-    Ok(())
+    Ok(written)
 }
 
 /// Undo the writes recorded in `written`, most recent first: restore each
@@ -323,7 +330,15 @@ fn rollback(written: &[(PathBuf, Prior)]) {
 /// filename is in `keep` (when `Some`). A missing `dir` is treated as "nothing
 /// to remove". Returns how many files were removed. Files we do not own (no
 /// marker) and unreadable files are left untouched.
-fn remove_managed(dir: &Path, keep: Option<&BTreeSet<&str>>) -> io::Result<usize> {
+///
+/// When `journal` is `Some`, each removed file is recorded as
+/// `(path, Prior::Existed(bytes))` so a later [`rollback`] can re-create it — the
+/// apply pipeline uses this so a prune is undoable along with the writes.
+fn remove_managed(
+    dir: &Path,
+    keep: Option<&BTreeSet<&str>>,
+    mut journal: Option<&mut Vec<(PathBuf, Prior)>>,
+) -> io::Result<usize> {
     let entries = match fs::read_dir(dir) {
         Ok(entries) => entries,
         Err(e) if e.kind() == io::ErrorKind::NotFound => return Ok(0),
@@ -347,11 +362,16 @@ fn remove_managed(dir: &Path, keep: Option<&BTreeSet<&str>>) -> io::Result<usize
         if keep.is_some_and(|keep| keep.contains(name)) {
             continue;
         }
-        // Only touch files we wrote; never a user-authored resolver file.
-        match fs::read_to_string(&path) {
-            Ok(contents) if is_managed(&contents) => {
+        // Only touch files we wrote; never a user-authored resolver file. Read
+        // the bytes (not a lossy string) so a journaled entry restores them
+        // exactly on rollback.
+        match fs::read(&path) {
+            Ok(bytes) if is_managed(&String::from_utf8_lossy(&bytes)) => {
                 fs::remove_file(&path)?;
                 removed += 1;
+                if let Some(journal) = journal.as_deref_mut() {
+                    journal.push((path, Prior::Existed(bytes)));
+                }
             }
             _ => {}
         }
@@ -551,6 +571,55 @@ mod tests {
         );
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn demote_failure_on_a_reapply_restores_the_previous_scope() {
+        // A re-apply over a previously-working scope whose demote then fails must
+        // restore the PRIOR files (overwritten ones back to their old content,
+        // pruned ones re-created), not wipe every managed resolver file.
+        let dir = temp_dir("apply-reapply-rollback");
+        let scutil = FakeScutil::up();
+        let snaps = MemSnapshots::default();
+        // First apply (no demote): two managed files become the working scope.
+        apply_with(
+            &dir,
+            &["192.0.2.53".to_string()],
+            &[
+                "corp.example.com".to_string(),
+                "old.example.com".to_string(),
+            ],
+            None,
+            &scutil,
+            &snaps,
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+        let corp_before = fs::read_to_string(dir.join("corp.example.com")).unwrap();
+        assert!(dir.join("old.example.com").exists());
+
+        // Re-apply with new servers, dropping old.example.com — but the demote fails.
+        scutil.fail_on_set();
+        let result = apply_with(
+            &dir,
+            &["192.0.2.99".to_string()],
+            &["corp.example.com".to_string()],
+            Some(&["198.51.100.1".to_string()]),
+            &scutil,
+            &snaps,
+        );
+        assert!(result.is_err(), "the demote failure fails the apply");
+        // The previous scope is restored exactly: corp.example.com back to its
+        // prior content, and the pruned old.example.com re-created.
+        assert_eq!(
+            fs::read_to_string(dir.join("corp.example.com")).unwrap(),
+            corp_before,
+            "the overwritten file is restored to its pre-reapply content"
+        );
+        assert!(
+            dir.join("old.example.com").exists(),
+            "the pruned file is restored on rollback — not left dropped"
+        );
+        fs::remove_dir_all(&dir).unwrap();
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn revert_with_removes_files_and_restores_the_default() {
         let dir = temp_dir("revert-with");
@@ -681,7 +750,7 @@ mod tests {
         let user_file = dir.join("user.example");
         fs::write(&user_file, "nameserver 9.9.9.9\n").unwrap();
 
-        let removed = remove_managed(&dir, None).unwrap();
+        let removed = remove_managed(&dir, None, None).unwrap();
         assert_eq!(removed, 1);
         assert!(!dir.join("a.com").exists(), "our file is removed");
         assert!(user_file.exists(), "the user's file is untouched");
@@ -693,7 +762,7 @@ mod tests {
         let mut missing = std::env::temp_dir();
         missing.push(format!("splitway-absent-resolver-{}", std::process::id()));
         let _ = fs::remove_dir_all(&missing);
-        assert_eq!(remove_managed(&missing, None).unwrap(), 0);
+        assert_eq!(remove_managed(&missing, None, None).unwrap(), 0);
     }
 
     #[test]
diff --git a/splitway-daemon/src/detector/macos/watch.rs b/splitway-daemon/src/detector/macos/watch.rs
index 62477ae..1c0857b 100644
--- a/splitway-daemon/src/detector/macos/watch.rs
+++ b/splitway-daemon/src/detector/macos/watch.rs
@@ -101,13 +101,19 @@ fn run_watch(interface: String, tx: Sender<VpnEvent>) {
     };
 
     // Watch the per-service DNS and per-interface IPv4 keys (what detection now
-    // reads — see `parser`), plus global DNS as an extra trigger; any of these
-    // fires when a VPN comes up or goes down. The callback re-reads the full
-    // model and dedups, so over-broad keys (and the callback our own demote of a
-    // service's DNS triggers) only cost a redundant, suppressed read — never a
-    // spurious state change.
-    let keys: CFArray<CFString> =
-        CFArray::from_CFTypes(&[CFString::from_static_string("State:/Network/Global/DNS")]);
+    // reads — see `parser`), plus the two global keys. `State:/Network/Global/IPv4`
+    // is essential, not just an extra trigger: detection reads `PrimaryService`/
+    // `PrimaryInterface` from it to anchor the physical service and demote target,
+    // and macOS can switch the primary route between already-configured services by
+    // updating only this key, without touching any watched DNS key — so without it
+    // the daemon would sleep with a stale primary-service decision. `Global/DNS` is
+    // the extra trigger. The callback re-reads the full model and dedups, so
+    // over-broad keys (and the callback our own demote of a service's DNS triggers)
+    // only cost a redundant, suppressed read — never a spurious state change.
+    let keys: CFArray<CFString> = CFArray::from_CFTypes(&[
+        CFString::from_static_string("State:/Network/Global/IPv4"),
+        CFString::from_static_string("State:/Network/Global/DNS"),
+    ]);
     let patterns: CFArray<CFString> = CFArray::from_CFTypes(&[
         CFString::from_static_string("(State|Setup):/Network/Service/.*/DNS"),
         CFString::from_static_string("State:/Network/Interface/.*/IPv4"),

From 81f367090f551f2086182bfa08bd06bced92ec38 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: stslex <ilya977.077@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 28 Jun 2026 16:57:41 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 40/51] =?UTF-8?q?fix(daemon):=20macOS=20=E2=80=94=20read?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=20the=20service=20interface=20from=20its=20IPv4/IPv6=20entity?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=20+=20reconcile=20an=20orphaned=20demote=20at=20startup=20(Cod?=
 =?UTF-8?q?ex=20P2/P2)?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

Two more P2 findings from the re-review.

P2 — the secondary-network filter read `InterfaceName` from the wrong key. The
per-service DNS entity does not reliably carry `InterfaceName` (its schema is the
DNS fields), so a secondary Wi-Fi/Ethernet service often had none in its DNS dict
→ `read_dns_model` stored `None` → `is_default_resolver_hijacker(None)` treated it
as an unscoped hijacker → a multi-homed Mac with no VPN could be detected VPN-up
and point the corp domains at the secondary DHCP resolver. Read the interface from
the service's `State:/Network/Service/<id>/IPv4` (then IPv6) entity — the reliable
binding — falling back to the DNS dict only if neither names one.

P2 — an unclean exit could strand a demote. The on-disk demote snapshot survives a
SIGKILL, but a suppressed initial `Down` sample (`last == None`) meant that if the
daemon was killed while demoted and the VPN went down before restart, nothing
restored the default resolver or cleared the snapshot — it stayed pinned to the
off-tunnel fallback until the next VPN up→down cycle. `run_state` now reconciles
orphaned persisted state once at startup, before arming the watch, for
global-revert backends (macOS): an idempotent revert that clears any leftover
snapshot and restores the prior default, after which the watch's initial `Up` (if
any) re-applies. Per-interface backends (Linux) keep no such cross-restart state
and skip it; `applied` stays `None` (this only clears a prior process's state).

New daemon-core tests (run on Linux): the startup cleanup reverts for a
global-revert backend and is a no-op for a per-interface one. The detector
interface read is I/O glue (untested, like the rest of `read_dns_model`). Verified:
fmt, Linux clippy + daemon tests (174 pass), and x86_64-apple-darwin clippy
-D warnings (--all-targets).

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 splitway-daemon/src/daemon/state.rs           | 83 +++++++++++++++++++
 .../src/detector/macos/detector.rs            | 32 ++++++-
 2 files changed, 113 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/splitway-daemon/src/daemon/state.rs b/splitway-daemon/src/daemon/state.rs
index 7d2a47b..1836a0d 100644
--- a/splitway-daemon/src/daemon/state.rs
+++ b/splitway-daemon/src/daemon/state.rs
@@ -597,6 +597,39 @@ impl StateMachine {
         }
     }
 
+    /// Reconcile orphaned persisted state left by a previous unclean exit, once at
+    /// startup (before the watch is armed).
+    ///
+    /// A **global-revert backend** (macOS) persists its default-DNS demote on disk
+    /// so it survives a SIGKILL. If the daemon was killed while demoted and the VPN
+    /// then went down before this restart, the watch's initial sample is `Down`
+    /// and is suppressed (nothing changed from the watcher's view), so without this
+    /// nothing would restore the default resolver or clear the snapshot — the
+    /// machine would stay pinned to the off-tunnel fallback until the next VPN
+    /// up→down cycle. A global revert is idempotent (a no-op when nothing was
+    /// persisted); and if a VPN is in fact up, the watch's initial `Up` re-applies
+    /// immediately after. Per-interface backends (Linux) keep no cross-restart
+    /// persisted state of this kind, so they skip it (their revert needs a live
+    /// `applied` interface anyway). `applied` stays `None` either way — this only
+    /// cleans state a *previous* process left behind.
+    async fn cleanup_orphaned_state_on_startup(&self) {
+        if !self.backend.reverts_globally() {
+            return;
+        }
+        let backend = self.backend.clone();
+        let interface = self.config.vpn_name.clone();
+        match tokio::task::spawn_blocking(move || backend.revert_rules(&interface)).await {
+            Ok(Ok(())) => {
+                log::debug!("startup: reconciled any orphaned default-DNS demote state")
+            }
+            Ok(Err(e)) => log::warn!(
+                "startup orphaned-state cleanup failed: {e}; \
+                 it will be retried on the next VPN event"
+            ),
+            Err(e) => log::error!("startup orphaned-state cleanup task panicked: {e}"),
+        }
+    }
+
     /// Entry point for a forwarded detector event. Drops events from a watch
     /// generation we have since superseded (an interface switch may leave an
     /// in-flight event from the old forwarding task), so the old interface's
@@ -1309,6 +1342,11 @@ pub async fn run_state(
     mut rx: mpsc::Receiver<StateCommand>,
     mut shutdown: oneshot::Receiver<oneshot::Sender<bool>>,
 ) {
+    // Reconcile any orphaned persisted state left by a previous unclean exit
+    // (e.g. a global-revert backend's default-DNS demote snapshot) before arming
+    // the watch — the initial Down sample is suppressed, so this is the only path
+    // that clears it when the VPN is already down at startup.
+    machine.cleanup_orphaned_state_on_startup().await;
     // Arm the VPN watch once here, before the command loop, so all watch
     // lifecycle (start at boot, re-arm on config change) lives in one owner —
     // the actor — rather than being split with `run_async`.
@@ -1847,6 +1885,51 @@ mod tests {
         assert!(sm.applied.is_none());
     }
 
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn startup_reconciles_orphaned_demote_for_a_global_revert_backend() {
+        // A macOS-style backend persists its default-DNS demote across an unclean
+        // exit, so the daemon reverts any orphaned state once at startup — a
+        // suppressed initial Down would otherwise never clear it.
+        let backend = Arc::new(MockBackend::default());
+        backend.set_reverts_globally(true);
+        let sm = machine(
+            backend.clone(),
+            config(true, &["a.com"]),
+            "startup-cleanup-global",
+        );
+
+        sm.cleanup_orphaned_state_on_startup().await;
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            backend.reverts.lock().unwrap().as_slice(),
+            &["wg0"],
+            "the global-revert backend is reconciled once at boot"
+        );
+        assert!(
+            sm.applied.is_none(),
+            "cleanup records nothing as applied — it only clears a prior process's state"
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn startup_skips_cleanup_for_a_per_interface_backend() {
+        // A per-interface backend (Linux) keeps no cross-restart persisted state of
+        // this kind, so startup must not issue a spurious revert.
+        let backend = Arc::new(MockBackend::default()); // reverts_globally == false
+        let sm = machine(
+            backend.clone(),
+            config(true, &["a.com"]),
+            "startup-cleanup-skip",
+        );
+
+        sm.cleanup_orphaned_state_on_startup().await;
+
+        assert!(
+            backend.reverts.lock().unwrap().is_empty(),
+            "a per-interface backend is not reverted at boot"
+        );
+    }
+
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn down_reverts() {
         let backend = Arc::new(MockBackend::default());
diff --git a/splitway-daemon/src/detector/macos/detector.rs b/splitway-daemon/src/detector/macos/detector.rs
index 83c9451..fab7399 100644
--- a/splitway-daemon/src/detector/macos/detector.rs
+++ b/splitway-daemon/src/detector/macos/detector.rs
@@ -90,9 +90,19 @@ fn read_dns_model() -> Result<DnsModel, PlatformError> {
         if servers.is_empty() {
             continue; // a service with no DNS contributes nothing
         }
+        let service_id = service_id_from_key(key);
+        // The interface binding is read from the service's IPv4/IPv6 entity, NOT
+        // the DNS dict — the DNS schema is the DNS fields (ServerAddresses, …) and
+        // does not reliably carry InterfaceName. Reading it only from the DNS dict
+        // would leave a secondary Wi-Fi/Ethernet service's interface unknown, and
+        // `decide` would then misread that `None` as an unscoped/default hijacker
+        // (a false "VPN up"). Fall back to the DNS dict only if neither entity
+        // names an interface.
+        let interface_name = read_service_interface(&service_id)
+            .or_else(|| parse_scalar_field(&dump, "InterfaceName"));
         services.push(ServiceDns {
-            service_id: service_id_from_key(key),
-            interface_name: parse_scalar_field(&dump, "InterfaceName"),
+            service_id,
+            interface_name,
             servers,
         });
     }
@@ -104,6 +114,24 @@ fn read_dns_model() -> Result<DnsModel, PlatformError> {
     })
 }
 
+/// Read the BSD interface a service is bound to, from its IPv4 (then IPv6)
+/// dynamic-store entity — the reliable source for the binding. The per-service
+/// DNS entity does not reliably carry `InterfaceName` (its schema is the DNS
+/// fields), so reading the interface only from the DNS dict can leave a secondary
+/// network's interface unknown, which `decide` would misclassify as an unscoped
+/// (default-hijacker) resolver. Returns `None` only when neither entity names one.
+fn read_service_interface(service_id: &str) -> Option<String> {
+    for entity in ["IPv4", "IPv6"] {
+        let key = format!("State:/Network/Service/{service_id}/{entity}");
+        if let Ok(dump) = scutil_show(&key) {
+            if let Some(iface) = parse_scalar_field(&dump, "InterfaceName") {
+                return Some(iface);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    None
+}
+
 /// Extract the dynamic-store key from one `scutil list` output row. `scutil`
 /// prints each match as `  subKey [<n>] = State:/Network/Service/<id>/DNS`, not
 /// as a bare key, so the `subKey [n] = ` prefix must be stripped before the key

From 4a8a1b957bcbaf6fc2be494680e56d081c6de331 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: stslex <ilya977.077@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 28 Jun 2026 17:48:24 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 41/51] =?UTF-8?q?fix(daemon):=20macOS=20=E2=80=94=20record?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=20the=20installed=20fallback=20so=20a=20fallback=5Fdns=20chang?=
 =?UTF-8?q?e=20keeps=20the=20real=20prior=20+=20retry=20a=20failed=20start?=
 =?UTF-8?q?up=20demote=20cleanup=20(Codex=20P2/P2)?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

Two more P2 findings, both follow-ups on the previous re-review fixes.

P2 — a `fallback_dns` change while demoted could pin the wrong default. The
same-service snapshot refresh compared the service's live DNS against the NEW
`fallback`. When `fallback_dns` changed (F1→F2) while the VPN was active, the
service still showed our PREVIOUS fallback F1; since F1 != F2 the refresh captured
F1 as `prior_servers`, so a later restore wrote our old fallback instead of the
original DHCP resolver. `DemoteSnapshot` now records `installed_fallback` (the
fallback we actually wrote, updated only after a successful write); the refresh
compares the live DNS against that, so a previous fallback we installed is no
longer mistaken for a DHCP update. A genuine DHCP change is still adopted.

P2 — a failed startup cleanup was never retried. The startup reconcile of orphaned
demote state only logged on failure; with `applied == None`, later reconciles take
`revert()`'s no-op path, so a transient failure left the machine pinned to the
fallback until a full VPN up→down cycle. A `pending_global_cleanup` flag now
records the failure, and every `revert()` retries the global cleanup until it
succeeds (cleared on success, or once an apply establishes our own state).

New tests: a `fallback_dns` change keeps the original prior (macOS, darwin
cross-check) and a failed startup cleanup is retried on the next reconcile (daemon
core, runs on Linux). Verified: fmt, Linux clippy + daemon tests (175 pass), and
x86_64-apple-darwin clippy -D warnings (--all-targets).

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 splitway-daemon/src/backend/macos/demote.rs | 115 +++++++++++++++++---
 splitway-daemon/src/daemon/state.rs         | 105 ++++++++++++++++--
 2 files changed, 196 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/splitway-daemon/src/backend/macos/demote.rs b/splitway-daemon/src/backend/macos/demote.rs
index e1438f6..99e4b2f 100644
--- a/splitway-daemon/src/backend/macos/demote.rs
+++ b/splitway-daemon/src/backend/macos/demote.rs
@@ -49,9 +49,10 @@ pub(super) const SNAPSHOT_PATH: &str = "/var/run/splitway/dns-demote.snapshot";
 /// Serialised to [`SNAPSHOT_PATH`] as a tiny self-describing line format (no
 /// serde dependency pulled in for one struct): each line is `<tag>\t<value>`,
 /// with tags `key` (the service DNS key, exactly once), `iface` (the
-/// `InterfaceName`, at most once — omitted when the service had none), and
-/// `server` (one per prior resolver, in order). The tags make the optional
-/// `iface` line unambiguous even when there are no servers.
+/// `InterfaceName`, at most once — omitted when the service had none), `server`
+/// (one per prior resolver, in order), and `fallback` (one per installed-fallback
+/// resolver, in order). The tags make the optional `iface` line unambiguous even
+/// when there are no servers.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub(super) struct DemoteSnapshot {
     /// The full `State:/Network/Service/<id>/DNS` key that was overwritten.
@@ -64,6 +65,12 @@ pub(super) struct DemoteSnapshot {
     /// The `ServerAddresses` the service had before the demote (possibly empty
     /// if the service carried no explicit servers — restore then clears ours).
     pub prior_servers: Vec<String>,
+    /// The fallback resolver Splitway last installed on this service. Lets a
+    /// same-service re-demote tell our own fallback (which we must NOT capture as
+    /// the "prior") from a real DHCP update — even after a `fallback_dns` config
+    /// change, where the service may still show a *previous* fallback we wrote.
+    /// Updated only after a fallback write succeeds.
+    pub installed_fallback: Vec<String>,
 }
 
 impl DemoteSnapshot {
@@ -83,16 +90,22 @@ impl DemoteSnapshot {
             out.push_str(s);
             out.push('\n');
         }
+        for f in &self.installed_fallback {
+            out.push_str("fallback\t");
+            out.push_str(f);
+            out.push('\n');
+        }
         out
     }
 
     /// Parse the on-disk `<tag>\t<value>` line format. Requires a `key` line;
-    /// `iface` is optional; `server` lines are collected in order. Returns
-    /// `None` for an empty/garbled snapshot (no `key`).
+    /// `iface` is optional; `server` and `fallback` lines are collected in order.
+    /// Returns `None` for an empty/garbled snapshot (no `key`).
     fn deserialize(text: &str) -> Option<Self> {
         let mut service_dns_key: Option<String> = None;
         let mut interface_name: Option<String> = None;
         let mut prior_servers: Vec<String> = Vec::new();
+        let mut installed_fallback: Vec<String> = Vec::new();
         for line in text.lines() {
             let line = line.trim_end_matches(['\r', '\n']);
             let Some((tag, value)) = line.split_once('\t') else {
@@ -102,6 +115,7 @@ impl DemoteSnapshot {
                 "key" => service_dns_key = Some(value.to_string()),
                 "iface" if !value.is_empty() => interface_name = Some(value.to_string()),
                 "server" if !value.is_empty() => prior_servers.push(value.to_string()),
+                "fallback" if !value.is_empty() => installed_fallback.push(value.to_string()),
                 _ => {}
             }
         }
@@ -109,6 +123,7 @@ impl DemoteSnapshot {
             service_dns_key: service_dns_key?,
             interface_name,
             prior_servers,
+            installed_fallback,
         })
     }
 }
@@ -353,15 +368,27 @@ pub(super) fn demote(
     match snapshots.load() {
         Some(existing) if existing.service_dns_key == key => {
             let current = scutil.service_dns_state(&key)?;
-            if !current.servers.is_empty() && !same_server_set(&current.servers, fallback) {
-                // The service's real DNS changed under us → refresh the snapshot.
+            // Keep the original prior while the service still shows a fallback WE
+            // installed (`installed_fallback`) — never capture our own fallback. A
+            // value that is neither empty nor our installed fallback is a genuine
+            // DHCP update on the same service → adopt it as the new prior so a
+            // later restore writes the latest resolver. Comparing against the
+            // recorded installed fallback (NOT the new `fallback`) is what keeps a
+            // `fallback_dns` config change — where the service still shows a
+            // *previous* fallback we wrote — from being mistaken for a DHCP update.
+            if !current.servers.is_empty()
+                && !same_server_set(&current.servers, &existing.installed_fallback)
+            {
                 snapshots.save(&DemoteSnapshot {
                     service_dns_key: key.clone(),
                     interface_name: current.interface_name,
                     prior_servers: current.servers,
+                    // Preserved here; the post-write step below reconciles it to
+                    // the fallback actually installed.
+                    installed_fallback: existing.installed_fallback,
                 })?;
             }
-            // else: still our fallback (or no DNS) → keep the original snapshot.
+            // else: keep the existing snapshot unchanged.
         }
         Some(existing) => {
             // Primary changed: un-demote the old service, then snapshot the new.
@@ -382,12 +409,26 @@ pub(super) fn demote(
         fallback,
         interface_name.as_deref(),
     ))?;
+
+    // Record the fallback now on the service so the NEXT same-service demote
+    // recognises it as ours, even across a `fallback_dns` change. Done AFTER a
+    // successful write so a failed write leaves the previously-recorded fallback
+    // (still the value on the service) intact.
+    if let Some(mut snapshot) = snapshots.load() {
+        if !same_server_set(&snapshot.installed_fallback, fallback) {
+            snapshot.installed_fallback = fallback.to_vec();
+            snapshots.save(&snapshot)?;
+        }
+    }
+
     log::info!("demoted the system default resolver to the off-tunnel fallback");
     Ok(true)
 }
 
 /// Capture `key`'s current DNS dict (servers + interface name) into the
-/// snapshot store, before it is overwritten by a demote.
+/// snapshot store, before it is overwritten by a demote. `installed_fallback` is
+/// left empty here and set by the demote's post-write step once the fallback is
+/// actually on the service.
 fn capture_snapshot(
     scutil: &dyn ScutilRunner,
     snapshots: &dyn SnapshotStore,
@@ -398,6 +439,7 @@ fn capture_snapshot(
         service_dns_key: key.to_string(),
         interface_name: state.interface_name,
         prior_servers: state.servers,
+        installed_fallback: Vec::new(),
     })
 }
 
@@ -535,11 +577,17 @@ mod tests {
     use super::test_support::{FakeScutil, MemSnapshots};
     use super::*;
 
-    fn snap(key: &str, iface: Option<&str>, servers: &[&str]) -> DemoteSnapshot {
+    fn snap(
+        key: &str,
+        iface: Option<&str>,
+        servers: &[&str],
+        installed: &[&str],
+    ) -> DemoteSnapshot {
         DemoteSnapshot {
             service_dns_key: key.to_string(),
             interface_name: iface.map(str::to_string),
             prior_servers: servers.iter().map(|s| s.to_string()).collect(),
+            installed_fallback: installed.iter().map(|s| s.to_string()).collect(),
         }
     }
 
@@ -632,19 +680,25 @@ mod tests {
             "State:/Network/Service/ABC/DNS",
             Some("en0"),
             &["198.51.100.1", "198.51.100.2"],
+            &["203.0.113.9", "203.0.113.10"],
         );
         assert_eq!(DemoteSnapshot::deserialize(&s.serialize()).unwrap(), s);
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn snapshot_round_trips_with_no_prior_servers_and_no_interface() {
-        let s = snap("State:/Network/Service/ABC/DNS", None, &[]);
+        let s = snap("State:/Network/Service/ABC/DNS", None, &[], &[]);
         assert_eq!(DemoteSnapshot::deserialize(&s.serialize()).unwrap(), s);
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn snapshot_round_trips_with_an_interface_but_no_servers() {
-        let s = snap("State:/Network/Service/ABC/DNS", Some("en0"), &[]);
+        let s = snap(
+            "State:/Network/Service/ABC/DNS",
+            Some("en0"),
+            &[],
+            &["203.0.113.9"],
+        );
         assert_eq!(DemoteSnapshot::deserialize(&s.serialize()).unwrap(), s);
     }
 
@@ -669,6 +723,7 @@ mod tests {
                 "State:/Network/Service/ABC/DNS",
                 Some("en0"),
                 &["198.51.100.1"],
+                &["203.0.113.9"],
             )
         );
         // Exactly one script issued: set the fallback AND re-add InterfaceName so
@@ -731,12 +786,45 @@ mod tests {
             snap(
                 "State:/Network/Service/ABC/DNS",
                 Some("en0"),
-                &["198.51.100.77"]
+                &["198.51.100.77"],
+                &["203.0.113.9"],
             ),
             "the snapshot must track the new DHCP resolver so restore is not stale"
         );
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn redemote_after_a_fallback_change_keeps_the_original_prior() {
+        // P2: `fallback_dns` changes from one resolver to another while demoted, so
+        // the service still shows our PREVIOUS fallback. That previous fallback must
+        // not be mistaken for a DHCP update and captured as the prior — restore must
+        // still write the real DHCP resolver, not our old fallback.
+        let scutil = FakeScutil::up();
+        let snaps = MemSnapshots::default();
+        demote(&scutil, &snaps, &["203.0.113.9".to_string()]).unwrap();
+        // The demote took effect: the service shows our first fallback.
+        scutil.set_service_state(
+            "State:/Network/Service/ABC/DNS",
+            ServiceDnsState {
+                interface_name: Some("en0".to_string()),
+                servers: vec!["203.0.113.9".to_string()],
+            },
+        );
+        // fallback_dns changes to a different resolver; re-demote.
+        demote(&scutil, &snaps, &["203.0.113.50".to_string()]).unwrap();
+        let after = snaps.load().unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(
+            after.prior_servers,
+            vec!["198.51.100.1".to_string()],
+            "the prior must stay the real DHCP resolver, never our previous fallback"
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            after.installed_fallback,
+            vec!["203.0.113.50".to_string()],
+            "the recorded installed fallback tracks the newly applied one"
+        );
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn demote_on_a_changed_primary_restores_the_old_then_snapshots_the_new() {
         // P2: the primary service changes while up (e.g. Wi-Fi → Ethernet) with a
@@ -765,6 +853,7 @@ mod tests {
                 "State:/Network/Service/XYZ/DNS",
                 Some("en1"),
                 &["198.51.100.50"],
+                &["203.0.113.9"],
             )
         );
         let scripts = scutil.scripts.borrow();
diff --git a/splitway-daemon/src/daemon/state.rs b/splitway-daemon/src/daemon/state.rs
index 1836a0d..644aebe 100644
--- a/splitway-daemon/src/daemon/state.rs
+++ b/splitway-daemon/src/daemon/state.rs
@@ -210,6 +210,13 @@ pub struct StateMachine {
     /// desired target equals the — now possibly stale — `applied` snapshot, so a
     /// post-failure "already converged" check can never skip a needed re-apply.
     needs_resync: bool,
+    /// Set when the startup reconcile of orphaned persisted state (a global-revert
+    /// backend's demote left by a previous unclean exit) failed transiently. With
+    /// `applied == None`, an ordinary `revert()` is a no-op, so without this the
+    /// orphaned state would linger until a full VPN up→down cycle. While set, each
+    /// `revert()` retries the global cleanup until it succeeds. See
+    /// [`Self::cleanup_orphaned_state_on_startup`].
+    pending_global_cleanup: bool,
     /// Cancel handle for the current watch's forwarding task. Aborting it drops
     /// the detector's `Receiver<VpnEvent>`, which closes the channel and lets the
     /// detector release its resources (see [`Self::arm_watch`]).
@@ -244,6 +251,7 @@ impl StateMachine {
             applied: None,
             orphaned: Vec::new(),
             needs_resync: false,
+            pending_global_cleanup: false,
             watch_cancel: None,
             watch_generation: 0,
             // No watch is armed until `arm_watch` runs (in `run_state`, before
@@ -522,6 +530,10 @@ impl StateMachine {
                         );
                         self.applied = Some(target);
                         self.needs_resync = false;
+                        // Applying establishes our own state (on macOS the demote
+                        // subsumes any prior process's snapshot), so a previously
+                        // pending orphaned-cleanup is no longer outstanding.
+                        self.pending_global_cleanup = false;
                         Ok(())
                     }
                     Ok(Err(e)) => {
@@ -562,8 +574,16 @@ impl StateMachine {
     /// `applied` is left set, so a later reconcile or shutdown retries it.
     async fn revert(&mut self) -> Result<(), PlatformError> {
         let Some(applied) = self.applied.clone() else {
-            // Nothing recorded as applied: the system already matches the
-            // "reverted" goal, so any prior uncertainty is resolved.
+            // Nothing recorded as applied. A previous process's orphaned global
+            // demote may still need cleaning (a startup reconcile that failed
+            // transiently) — retry it here so a Down/disable/reload converges it
+            // instead of waiting for a full VPN up→down cycle.
+            if self.pending_global_cleanup {
+                self.run_global_cleanup().await?;
+                self.pending_global_cleanup = false;
+            }
+            // The system already matches the "reverted" goal, so any prior
+            // uncertainty is resolved.
             self.needs_resync = false;
             return Ok(());
         };
@@ -612,21 +632,39 @@ impl StateMachine {
     /// persisted state of this kind, so they skip it (their revert needs a live
     /// `applied` interface anyway). `applied` stays `None` either way — this only
     /// cleans state a *previous* process left behind.
-    async fn cleanup_orphaned_state_on_startup(&self) {
+    async fn cleanup_orphaned_state_on_startup(&mut self) {
         if !self.backend.reverts_globally() {
             return;
         }
+        if self.run_global_cleanup().await.is_err() {
+            // A transient failure must not strand the orphaned state: mark it so
+            // every later `revert()` retries until it succeeds.
+            self.pending_global_cleanup = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Run one global cleanup revert (used by the startup reconcile and the
+    /// retry-on-`revert` path). Logs the outcome and returns the backend result.
+    async fn run_global_cleanup(&self) -> Result<(), PlatformError> {
         let backend = self.backend.clone();
         let interface = self.config.vpn_name.clone();
         match tokio::task::spawn_blocking(move || backend.revert_rules(&interface)).await {
             Ok(Ok(())) => {
-                log::debug!("startup: reconciled any orphaned default-DNS demote state")
+                log::debug!("reconciled any orphaned default-DNS demote state");
+                Ok(())
+            }
+            Ok(Err(e)) => {
+                log::warn!(
+                    "orphaned-state cleanup failed: {e}; it will be retried on the next reconcile"
+                );
+                Err(e)
+            }
+            Err(e) => {
+                log::error!("orphaned-state cleanup task panicked: {e}");
+                Err(PlatformError::CommandFailed(format!(
+                    "orphaned-state cleanup task panicked: {e}"
+                )))
             }
-            Ok(Err(e)) => log::warn!(
-                "startup orphaned-state cleanup failed: {e}; \
-                 it will be retried on the next VPN event"
-            ),
-            Err(e) => log::error!("startup orphaned-state cleanup task panicked: {e}"),
         }
     }
 
@@ -1892,7 +1930,7 @@ mod tests {
         // suppressed initial Down would otherwise never clear it.
         let backend = Arc::new(MockBackend::default());
         backend.set_reverts_globally(true);
-        let sm = machine(
+        let mut sm = machine(
             backend.clone(),
             config(true, &["a.com"]),
             "startup-cleanup-global",
@@ -1909,6 +1947,10 @@ mod tests {
             sm.applied.is_none(),
             "cleanup records nothing as applied — it only clears a prior process's state"
         );
+        assert!(
+            !sm.pending_global_cleanup,
+            "a successful cleanup leaves nothing pending"
+        );
     }
 
     #[tokio::test]
@@ -1916,7 +1958,7 @@ mod tests {
         // A per-interface backend (Linux) keeps no cross-restart persisted state of
         // this kind, so startup must not issue a spurious revert.
         let backend = Arc::new(MockBackend::default()); // reverts_globally == false
-        let sm = machine(
+        let mut sm = machine(
             backend.clone(),
             config(true, &["a.com"]),
             "startup-cleanup-skip",
@@ -1930,6 +1972,47 @@ mod tests {
         );
     }
 
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn failed_startup_cleanup_is_retried_on_a_later_reconcile() {
+        // P2: the startup cleanup fails transiently. Because `applied` is None an
+        // ordinary reconcile's revert() would be a no-op — but the pending flag
+        // makes the next revert retry the global cleanup until it succeeds, so an
+        // orphaned demote is not stranded until a full VPN up→down cycle.
+        let backend = Arc::new(MockBackend::default());
+        backend.set_reverts_globally(true);
+        backend.set_fail_revert(true); // the startup cleanup fails
+        let mut sm = machine(
+            backend.clone(),
+            config(true, &["a.com"]),
+            "startup-cleanup-retry",
+        );
+
+        sm.cleanup_orphaned_state_on_startup().await;
+        assert!(
+            sm.pending_global_cleanup,
+            "a failed cleanup is recorded as pending"
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            backend.reverts.lock().unwrap().len(),
+            1,
+            "the failing attempt still issued a revert"
+        );
+
+        // A later reconcile (VPN still down, nothing applied) retries the cleanup,
+        // which now succeeds and clears the pending flag.
+        backend.set_fail_revert(false);
+        sm.reconcile_primary().await.unwrap();
+        assert!(
+            !sm.pending_global_cleanup,
+            "a successful retry clears the pending flag"
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            backend.reverts.lock().unwrap().len(),
+            2,
+            "the cleanup is retried until it succeeds"
+        );
+    }
+
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn down_reverts() {
         let backend = Arc::new(MockBackend::default());

From 7657bee75c9c89a5beb6cc148bef4f6770b39a39 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: stslex <ilya977.077@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 28 Jun 2026 20:25:23 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 42/51] =?UTF-8?q?fix(daemon):=20macOS=20=E2=80=94=20re-det?=
 =?UTF-8?q?ect=20on=20a=20fallback=5Fdns=20change=20+=20keep=20the=20real?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=20prior=20when=20the=20installed-fallback=20record=20was=20los?=
 =?UTF-8?q?t=20(Codex=20P2/P2)?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

Two reversibility gaps in the demote path, both around the installed_fallback
bookkeeping added in 4a8a1b9:

- Removing (or changing) `fallback_dns` while the VPN stays up did not re-demote
  to the real DHCP resolver. After a demote the detector reads the demoted value
  back as `demote_target`, so `effective_demote_target`'s fallthrough keeps
  returning the override and `desired()` stays equal to the applied target.
  Treat a `fallback_dns` change as re-arm-worthy in `watch_settings_changed`:
  the re-arm reverts first (restoring the real prior DHCP resolver from the
  demote snapshot) then re-samples, so the next demote targets the correct
  resolver. Harmless on Linux (ignores fallback_dns).

- A same-service re-demote could capture our own fallback as `prior_servers`
  when the post-write `installed_fallback` record had been lost (e.g. a
  transient /var/run write error after the `set` succeeded): the live servers
  then differ from the empty recorded fallback and look like a DHCP update. Also
  treat the live servers as ours when they equal the `fallback` about to be
  (re)installed, so a retry is recognised regardless of whether the
  installed_fallback record persisted.

Adds a regression test for each. Verified with `cargo fmt` and
`cargo clippy --target x86_64-apple-darwin -p splitway-daemon --all-targets -- -D warnings`.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_019HLLqoCWZb1fAqYPsw1hug
---
 splitway-daemon/src/backend/macos/demote.rs | 63 ++++++++++++++++++---
 splitway-daemon/src/daemon/state.rs         | 31 +++++++++-
 2 files changed, 84 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/splitway-daemon/src/backend/macos/demote.rs b/splitway-daemon/src/backend/macos/demote.rs
index 99e4b2f..835acaa 100644
--- a/splitway-daemon/src/backend/macos/demote.rs
+++ b/splitway-daemon/src/backend/macos/demote.rs
@@ -369,15 +369,20 @@ pub(super) fn demote(
         Some(existing) if existing.service_dns_key == key => {
             let current = scutil.service_dns_state(&key)?;
             // Keep the original prior while the service still shows a fallback WE
-            // installed (`installed_fallback`) — never capture our own fallback. A
-            // value that is neither empty nor our installed fallback is a genuine
-            // DHCP update on the same service → adopt it as the new prior so a
-            // later restore writes the latest resolver. Comparing against the
-            // recorded installed fallback (NOT the new `fallback`) is what keeps a
-            // `fallback_dns` config change — where the service still shows a
-            // *previous* fallback we wrote — from being mistaken for a DHCP update.
+            // installed — never capture our own fallback. We recognise "ours" two
+            // ways: the recorded `installed_fallback` (handles a `fallback_dns`
+            // change, where the service still shows a *previous* fallback we wrote)
+            // AND the `fallback` we are about to (re)install (handles a retry after
+            // the post-write `installed_fallback` record below failed, leaving it
+            // stale/empty while the service already shows this fallback — without
+            // this clause the retry would mistake our own fallback for a DHCP
+            // update and snapshot it as the prior, losing the real resolver). A
+            // value that is neither empty nor one of those is a genuine DHCP update
+            // on the same service → adopt it as the new prior so a later restore
+            // writes it.
             if !current.servers.is_empty()
                 && !same_server_set(&current.servers, &existing.installed_fallback)
+                && !same_server_set(&current.servers, fallback)
             {
                 snapshots.save(&DemoteSnapshot {
                     service_dns_key: key.clone(),
@@ -825,6 +830,50 @@ mod tests {
         );
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn redemote_keeps_prior_when_the_installed_fallback_record_was_lost() {
+        // P2: the post-write `installed_fallback` record can fail (e.g. a transient
+        // `/var/run` write error) after the demote's `set` already succeeded, leaving
+        // the snapshot's installed_fallback empty while the service already shows our
+        // fallback. A retry with the SAME fallback must still recognise that value as
+        // ours and keep the real DHCP prior — not snapshot our own fallback (which a
+        // later restore would then write back as if it were the prior resolver).
+        let scutil = FakeScutil::up();
+        let snaps = MemSnapshots::default();
+        // Seed the post-failure state: the real DHCP prior is captured, but the
+        // installed_fallback record was lost (empty), and the service already shows
+        // the fallback the previous `set` wrote.
+        snaps
+            .save(&snap(
+                "State:/Network/Service/ABC/DNS",
+                Some("en0"),
+                &["198.51.100.1"],
+                &[],
+            ))
+            .unwrap();
+        scutil.set_service_state(
+            "State:/Network/Service/ABC/DNS",
+            ServiceDnsState {
+                interface_name: Some("en0".to_string()),
+                servers: vec!["203.0.113.9".to_string()],
+            },
+        );
+        // Retry the demote with the SAME fallback.
+        demote(&scutil, &snaps, &["203.0.113.9".to_string()]).unwrap();
+        let after = snaps.load().unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(
+            after.prior_servers,
+            vec!["198.51.100.1".to_string()],
+            "a retry must not capture our own fallback as the prior when the \
+             installed_fallback record was lost"
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            after.installed_fallback,
+            vec!["203.0.113.9".to_string()],
+            "the post-write step repairs the lost installed_fallback record"
+        );
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn demote_on_a_changed_primary_restores_the_old_then_snapshots_the_new() {
         // P2: the primary service changes while up (e.g. Wi-Fi → Ethernet) with a
diff --git a/splitway-daemon/src/daemon/state.rs b/splitway-daemon/src/daemon/state.rs
index 644aebe..a9f28f1 100644
--- a/splitway-daemon/src/daemon/state.rs
+++ b/splitway-daemon/src/daemon/state.rs
@@ -1348,10 +1348,25 @@ impl StateMachine {
 }
 
 /// Whether a config delta requires re-arming the detector watch — i.e. it
-/// touches a field the watch is keyed on. Domain/`enabled` edits do not (those
-/// only change `desired()`), so they reconcile without tearing the watch down.
+/// touches a field the watch is keyed on, OR a field whose change needs the
+/// revert + re-sample that a re-arm performs. Domain/`enabled` edits do not
+/// (those only change `desired()`), so they reconcile without tearing the watch
+/// down.
+///
+/// `fallback_dns` is included for the revert + re-sample, not because the watch
+/// is keyed on it: after a macOS demote the detector reads the demoted value back
+/// as the demote-target, so `last_info.demote_target` becomes the override we
+/// installed. Without a fresh sample, removing or changing the override would
+/// leave the physical service pinned to the old fallback (`desired()` still
+/// equals the applied target, so nothing re-applies until the next network/VPN
+/// cycle). The re-arm reverts first — restoring the real prior DHCP resolver from
+/// the demote snapshot — then re-samples, so the next demote targets the correct
+/// resolver. (Harmless on Linux, which ignores `fallback_dns`.)
 fn watch_settings_changed(old: &LocalConfig, new: &LocalConfig) -> bool {
-    old.vpn_name != new.vpn_name || old.vpn_backend != new.vpn_backend || old.openvpn != new.openvpn
+    old.vpn_name != new.vpn_name
+        || old.vpn_backend != new.vpn_backend
+        || old.openvpn != new.openvpn
+        || old.fallback_dns != new.fallback_dns
 }
 
 /// The reply when a mutation cannot read the config file (missing or malformed).
@@ -2726,6 +2741,16 @@ mod tests {
         let mut ovpn = base.clone();
         ovpn.openvpn.management = "127.0.0.1:7505".to_string();
         assert!(watch_settings_changed(&base, &ovpn));
+
+        // A `fallback_dns` change also re-arms: the re-arm's revert + re-sample is
+        // what restores the real prior DHCP resolver and re-demotes to it after the
+        // override is changed/removed (the detector reads the demoted value back, so
+        // a plain reconcile would otherwise stay pinned to the old fallback).
+        let mut fallback = base.clone();
+        fallback.fallback_dns = Some(vec!["203.0.113.9".to_string()]);
+        assert!(watch_settings_changed(&base, &fallback));
+        // ...and removing it again is a change too.
+        assert!(watch_settings_changed(&fallback, &base));
     }
 
     #[tokio::test]

From ef6267754d07a03d4e766e76c36be98583b9785b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: stslex <ilya977.077@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 28 Jun 2026 20:42:41 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 43/51] fix(daemon): run a pending global cleanup during
 shutdown (Codex P2)
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

Follow-up on the startup orphaned-state retry: `pending_global_cleanup`'s retry
was only wired through `revert()`, which `shutdown()` skipped when `applied` is
`None`. So if the macOS startup cleanup failed transiently and the daemon was
stopped before any later reconcile/Down/disable called `revert()`, shutdown
reported the system clean while a stale demote snapshot / default DNS could
remain. `shutdown()` now calls `revert()` when `applied` is set OR a global
cleanup is pending — `revert()` runs the pending cleanup and returns `Err`
(-> unclean) if it still fails, so shutdown no longer falsely reports clean.

New daemon-core tests (run on Linux): shutdown runs the pending cleanup when
nothing is applied, and reports unclean when it still fails. Verified: fmt, Linux
clippy + daemon tests (177 pass), and x86_64-apple-darwin clippy -D warnings.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 splitway-daemon/src/daemon/state.rs | 67 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++--
 1 file changed, 63 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/splitway-daemon/src/daemon/state.rs b/splitway-daemon/src/daemon/state.rs
index a9f28f1..453519d 100644
--- a/splitway-daemon/src/daemon/state.rs
+++ b/splitway-daemon/src/daemon/state.rs
@@ -769,10 +769,14 @@ impl StateMachine {
         // intentionally ignored: shutdown reports cleanliness from the
         // `self.orphaned` check below, which covers the same lingering set.
         let _ = self.revert_orphaned().await;
-        let applied_clean = if self.applied.is_none() {
-            true
-        } else {
-            log::info!("shutdown: reverting active rules");
+        // Revert applied rules, and ALSO run a pending global cleanup (a macOS
+        // startup reconcile that failed transiently) so a stale demote snapshot /
+        // default DNS is not left behind when `applied` is `None`. `revert()`
+        // covers both: it reverts when `applied` is set, and runs the pending
+        // global cleanup otherwise — returning `Err` (→ unclean) if it still fails,
+        // so shutdown does not falsely report clean while a demote may remain.
+        let applied_clean = if self.applied.is_some() || self.pending_global_cleanup {
+            log::info!("shutdown: reverting active rules and any pending cleanup");
             match self.revert().await {
                 Ok(()) => true,
                 Err(e) => {
@@ -780,6 +784,8 @@ impl StateMachine {
                     false
                 }
             }
+        } else {
+            true
         };
         if applied_clean && self.orphaned.is_empty() {
             log::info!("shutdown: system left clean");
@@ -2414,6 +2420,59 @@ mod tests {
         assert!(sm.applied.is_some());
     }
 
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn shutdown_runs_a_pending_global_cleanup_even_with_nothing_applied() {
+        // P2: a macOS startup cleanup failed (pending) and nothing is applied. If
+        // the daemon is stopped before any reconcile retries it, shutdown must
+        // still run the global cleanup rather than reporting clean while a stale
+        // demote snapshot / default DNS remains.
+        let backend = Arc::new(MockBackend::default());
+        backend.set_reverts_globally(true);
+        backend.set_fail_revert(true);
+        let mut sm = machine(
+            backend.clone(),
+            config(true, &["a.com"]),
+            "shutdown-pending-cleanup",
+        );
+        sm.cleanup_orphaned_state_on_startup().await; // fails → pending set
+        assert!(sm.pending_global_cleanup);
+        backend.reverts.lock().unwrap().clear();
+
+        backend.set_fail_revert(false); // the retry at shutdown succeeds
+        let clean = sm.shutdown().await;
+        assert!(clean, "shutdown is clean once the pending cleanup succeeds");
+        assert!(!sm.pending_global_cleanup, "the pending cleanup is cleared");
+        assert_eq!(
+            backend.reverts.lock().unwrap().as_slice(),
+            &["wg0"],
+            "shutdown ran the global cleanup"
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn shutdown_reports_unclean_when_a_pending_cleanup_still_fails() {
+        let backend = Arc::new(MockBackend::default());
+        backend.set_reverts_globally(true);
+        backend.set_fail_revert(true);
+        let mut sm = machine(
+            backend.clone(),
+            config(true, &["a.com"]),
+            "shutdown-pending-fail",
+        );
+        sm.cleanup_orphaned_state_on_startup().await;
+        assert!(sm.pending_global_cleanup);
+
+        let clean = sm.shutdown().await; // fail_revert still true
+        assert!(
+            !clean,
+            "shutdown reports unclean while a demote snapshot may remain"
+        );
+        assert!(
+            sm.pending_global_cleanup,
+            "the pending flag stays set for a future retry"
+        );
+    }
+
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn repeated_disable_retries_a_failed_revert() {
         let backend = Arc::new(MockBackend {

From e66e80f1a42a693b3aa0101c61ff3ba11cb48906 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: stslex <ilya977.077@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 28 Jun 2026 20:54:42 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 44/51] =?UTF-8?q?fix(daemon):=20macOS=20detector=20?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=E2=80=94=20propagate=20real=20scutil=20failures=20+=20watch=20?=
 =?UTF-8?q?the=20service=20IPv4/IPv6=20keys=20(Codex=20P2/P2)?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

- read_dns_model now propagates a `scutil show` error instead of skipping the
  service. A missing/vanished key is reported as `No such key` on stdout with
  exit 0 (→ Ok, then empty servers), so an Err here is a genuine command failure
  (spawn error or non-zero exit). Skipping it silently dropped a live service
  from the model — e.g. the VPN service read after a successful `list` — letting
  `decide` conclude "down" and revert the rules. Propagating makes the watcher
  keep the last known state on a transient failure.

- The SCDynamicStore watch now also subscribes to `State:/Network/Service/.*/IPv4`
  and `/IPv6`. The detector reads each service's `InterfaceName` from those
  entities (`read_service_interface`) to classify physical vs. an unscoped default
  hijacker; a service gaining/losing its interface binding without a DNS or global
  change must re-trigger detection, else it stays classified from stale data (an
  unknown interface misread as a hijacker → false "VPN up").

Verified with `cargo fmt` and `cargo clippy --target x86_64-apple-darwin -p splitway-daemon --all-targets -- -D warnings`.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_019HLLqoCWZb1fAqYPsw1hug
---
 .../src/detector/macos/detector.rs            | 19 ++++++++++---------
 splitway-daemon/src/detector/macos/watch.rs   |  8 ++++++++
 2 files changed, 18 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)

diff --git a/splitway-daemon/src/detector/macos/detector.rs b/splitway-daemon/src/detector/macos/detector.rs
index fab7399..becf3af 100644
--- a/splitway-daemon/src/detector/macos/detector.rs
+++ b/splitway-daemon/src/detector/macos/detector.rs
@@ -78,17 +78,18 @@ fn read_dns_model() -> Result<DnsModel, PlatformError> {
         if !key.starts_with("State:/Network/Service/") {
             continue;
         }
-        let dump = match scutil_show(key) {
-            Ok(dump) => dump,
-            // A key that vanished between list and show is skipped, not fatal.
-            Err(e) => {
-                log::debug!("reading {key} failed: {e}; skipping");
-                continue;
-            }
-        };
+        // Propagate a real `scutil` failure rather than skipping the service: a
+        // missing/vanished key is reported as `No such key` on stdout with exit 0
+        // (→ `Ok`, then empty servers below), so an `Err` here is a genuine command
+        // failure (spawn error or non-zero exit). Skipping it would silently drop a
+        // live service from the model — e.g. the VPN service, read after a
+        // successful `list` — and `decide` could then conclude "down" and revert the
+        // rules. Failing the read instead makes the watcher keep the last known
+        // state until the next change.
+        let dump = scutil_show(key)?;
         let servers = parse_array_field(&dump, "ServerAddresses");
         if servers.is_empty() {
-            continue; // a service with no DNS contributes nothing
+            continue; // a service with no DNS (incl. the `No such key` case) contributes nothing
         }
         let service_id = service_id_from_key(key);
         // The interface binding is read from the service's IPv4/IPv6 entity, NOT
diff --git a/splitway-daemon/src/detector/macos/watch.rs b/splitway-daemon/src/detector/macos/watch.rs
index 1c0857b..ef789dd 100644
--- a/splitway-daemon/src/detector/macos/watch.rs
+++ b/splitway-daemon/src/detector/macos/watch.rs
@@ -117,6 +117,14 @@ fn run_watch(interface: String, tx: Sender<VpnEvent>) {
     let patterns: CFArray<CFString> = CFArray::from_CFTypes(&[
         CFString::from_static_string("(State|Setup):/Network/Service/.*/DNS"),
         CFString::from_static_string("State:/Network/Interface/.*/IPv4"),
+        // The per-service IPv4/IPv6 entities carry each service's `InterfaceName`
+        // binding, which `read_service_interface` reads to classify a service
+        // (physical vs. an unscoped default hijacker). A service gaining/losing an
+        // interface binding without a DNS or global change must re-trigger
+        // detection — otherwise the service stays classified from stale data (an
+        // unknown interface can be misread as a hijacker → false "VPN up").
+        CFString::from_static_string("State:/Network/Service/.*/IPv4"),
+        CFString::from_static_string("State:/Network/Service/.*/IPv6"),
     ]);
     if !store.set_notification_keys(&keys, &patterns) {
         log::error!("SCDynamicStore::set_notification_keys failed; macOS VPN watch disabled");

From b3720f3a3cc0413a5cd13885621e4cfb976efc34 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: stslex <ilya977.077@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 28 Jun 2026 21:12:58 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 45/51] fix(daemon): refuse an ambiguous primary-interface
 physical fallback + surface a pending demote-cleanup in status (Codex P2/P2)
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

Two more P2s from the re-review.

P2 (parser) — when `PrimaryService` is absent, `decide` anchored the physical
service on the FIRST service matching the primary interface. A VPN service can
also report that interface, so if `scutil list` returned it first, the physical
service became the corp resolver and the VPN service became the DHCP resolver —
inverting corp/fallback (apply corp domains to the off-tunnel DNS, demote the
default to the corp DNS, a leak). The no-`PrimaryService` fallback now anchors
only when EXACTLY ONE DNS service reports the primary interface; more than one is
ambiguous -> conservative Down.

P2 (state) — `routing_state()` ignored the new `pending_global_cleanup` flag, so a
restart that left an orphaned macOS demote pending reported `VpnDown`/`Disabled`/
`NoDomains` while the default DNS could still be demoted. The flag now joins
`needs_resync`/`orphaned` in the out-of-sync check, so status reads `ApplyFailed`
until the cleanup succeeds.

Tests: an ambiguous primary-interface fallback is Down while the unambiguous one
(VPN on a tunnel) is still Up (parser, darwin cross-check); status reads
`ApplyFailed` while a global cleanup is pending (daemon core, runs on Linux).
Verified: fmt, Linux clippy + daemon tests (178 pass), and x86_64-apple-darwin
clippy -D warnings.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---
 splitway-daemon/src/daemon/state.rs          | 50 ++++++++++++++----
 splitway-daemon/src/detector/macos/parser.rs | 54 ++++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 86 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-)

diff --git a/splitway-daemon/src/daemon/state.rs b/splitway-daemon/src/daemon/state.rs
index 453519d..66b78fc 100644
--- a/splitway-daemon/src/daemon/state.rs
+++ b/splitway-daemon/src/daemon/state.rs
@@ -846,12 +846,15 @@ impl StateMachine {
     /// occur) is reported as `NoDnsFromVpn` rather than a near-unreachable state.
     ///
     /// A known out-of-sync condition takes precedence over every "inactive"
-    /// reason: a failed apply/revert (`needs_resync`) or an interface orphaned by
-    /// a failed switch (`orphaned` non-empty) means stale split-DNS rules may
-    /// still be installed somewhere, so reporting `Disabled`/`Applied`/etc. would
-    /// claim a clean state the daemon does not believe in. Both surface as
-    /// `ApplyFailed` ("out of sync") until cleanup succeeds — e.g. a `Disable`
-    /// whose revert failed reads `ApplyFailed`, not `Disabled`.
+    /// reason: a failed apply/revert (`needs_resync`), an interface orphaned by a
+    /// failed switch (`orphaned` non-empty), or a pending global cleanup (a macOS
+    /// startup demote-reconcile that failed transiently — `pending_global_cleanup`)
+    /// each means stale split-DNS rules or a stale demoted default may still be
+    /// installed, so reporting `Disabled`/`VpnDown`/`Applied`/etc. would claim a
+    /// clean state the daemon does not believe in. All surface as `ApplyFailed`
+    /// ("out of sync") until cleanup succeeds — e.g. a `Disable` whose revert
+    /// failed reads `ApplyFailed`, not `Disabled`; and a restart that could not
+    /// clear an orphaned demote reads `ApplyFailed`, not `VpnDown`.
     fn routing_state(&self) -> RoutingState {
         // A config file that does not parse takes precedence over everything:
         // the daemon froze on the last-good config, and the user must learn
@@ -860,9 +863,12 @@ impl StateMachine {
         if self.config_invalid {
             return RoutingState::ConfigInvalid;
         }
-        // Out-of-sync (a failed apply/revert, or a lingering orphaned interface)
-        // overrides the inactive-reason branches below — see the doc above.
-        if self.needs_resync || !self.orphaned.is_empty() {
+        // Out-of-sync (a failed apply/revert, a lingering orphaned interface, or a
+        // pending macOS demote-cleanup) overrides the inactive-reason branches
+        // below — see the doc above. Without the pending-cleanup term, a restart
+        // that left an orphaned demote pending would report `VpnDown` while the
+        // default DNS is still demoted.
+        if self.needs_resync || !self.orphaned.is_empty() || self.pending_global_cleanup {
             return RoutingState::ApplyFailed;
         }
         if !self.config.enabled {
@@ -2034,6 +2040,32 @@ mod tests {
         );
     }
 
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn status_reports_apply_failed_while_a_global_cleanup_is_pending() {
+        // P2: a pending macOS demote-cleanup (a startup reconcile that failed) means
+        // a stale default DNS may still be installed, so status must read
+        // ApplyFailed — not VpnDown — even though nothing is applied and the VPN is
+        // down at restart.
+        let backend = Arc::new(MockBackend::default());
+        backend.set_reverts_globally(true);
+        backend.set_fail_revert(true);
+        let mut sm = machine(
+            backend.clone(),
+            config(true, &["a.com"]),
+            "status-pending-cleanup",
+        );
+        sm.cleanup_orphaned_state_on_startup().await; // fails → pending set
+        assert!(sm.pending_global_cleanup);
+        assert!(!sm.vpn_up, "VPN is down at restart");
+        assert!(sm.applied.is_none());
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            sm.routing_state(),
+            RoutingState::ApplyFailed,
+            "a pending demote-cleanup is out-of-sync, not a clean VpnDown"
+        );
+    }
+
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn down_reverts() {
         let backend = Arc::new(MockBackend::default());
diff --git a/splitway-daemon/src/detector/macos/parser.rs b/splitway-daemon/src/detector/macos/parser.rs
index 619f5eb..0d063b9 100644
--- a/splitway-daemon/src/detector/macos/parser.rs
+++ b/splitway-daemon/src/detector/macos/parser.rs
@@ -196,15 +196,31 @@ pub(super) fn decide(model: &DnsModel) -> Detected {
     // when known (a VPN service can also report the primary interface name, so
     // the id is preferred), falling back to the primary interface name. Its
     // resolver is the demote-target (where non-corp DNS goes off-tunnel).
-    let physical = model.services.iter().find(|s| {
-        !s.servers.is_empty()
-            && match model.primary_service.as_deref() {
-                Some(id) => s.service_id == id,
-                None => s.interface_name.as_deref() == model.primary_interface.as_deref(),
+    let physical = match model.primary_service.as_deref() {
+        Some(id) => model
+            .services
+            .iter()
+            .find(|s| !s.servers.is_empty() && s.service_id == id),
+        // No authoritative PrimaryService id: anchor on the primary interface
+        // name — but only when EXACTLY ONE DNS-bearing service reports it. A VPN
+        // service can also report the primary interface, so if more than one
+        // matches we cannot tell which is physical; picking the first would risk
+        // selecting the VPN's corp resolver as "physical", inverting corp/fallback
+        // (apply corp domains to the off-tunnel DNS and demote the default to the
+        // corp DNS — a leak). Treat that as ambiguous and stay conservative.
+        None => {
+            let mut matches = model.services.iter().filter(|s| {
+                !s.servers.is_empty()
+                    && s.interface_name.as_deref() == model.primary_interface.as_deref()
+            });
+            match (matches.next(), matches.next()) {
+                (Some(only), None) => Some(only),
+                _ => None, // zero matches, or ambiguous (more than one) → Down below
             }
-    });
+        }
+    };
     let Some(physical) = physical else {
-        // Without the physical resolver we cannot pick a safe demote-target.
+        // No unambiguous physical resolver → cannot pick a safe demote-target.
         return Detected::Down;
     };
 
@@ -491,13 +507,15 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn falls_back_to_interface_name_when_primary_service_is_unknown() {
-        // If PrimaryService is absent, anchor on the primary interface name.
+        // If PrimaryService is absent, anchor on the primary interface name — but
+        // only when EXACTLY ONE DNS service reports it. Here the VPN is on a tunnel,
+        // so the physical en0 service is the unambiguous match.
         let m = model(
             Some("en0"),
             None,
             vec![
                 svc("phys", Some("en0"), &["198.51.100.1"]),
-                svc("vpn", Some("en0"), &["192.0.2.53"]),
+                svc("vpn", Some("utun4"), &["192.0.2.53"]),
             ],
         );
         assert_eq!(
@@ -509,6 +527,24 @@ mod tests {
         );
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn ambiguous_primary_interface_fallback_is_conservative_down() {
+        // P2: PrimaryService is absent AND more than one DNS service reports the
+        // primary interface (a VPN service can also report it). We cannot tell which
+        // is physical, so picking the first risks selecting the VPN's corp resolver
+        // as "physical" — inverting corp/fallback (corp domains to the off-tunnel
+        // DNS, default demoted to corp DNS). Stay conservative: Down.
+        let m = model(
+            Some("en0"),
+            None,
+            vec![
+                svc("vpn", Some("en0"), &["192.0.2.53"]), // VPN also on en0, listed first
+                svc("phys", Some("en0"), &["198.51.100.1"]),
+            ],
+        );
+        assert_eq!(decide(&m), Detected::Down);
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn detects_down_when_only_the_physical_service_exists() {
         // No VPN: the only service with DNS is the physical interface's own.

From 5736a8c34d064b6eb014de0aec7e0b0c8173462d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: stslex <ilya977.077@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 28 Jun 2026 21:25:35 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 46/51] fix(daemon): validate fallback_dns as IP literals
 before the macOS scutil demote (P2)
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

The configured `fallback_dns` override is folded into the demote-target and, on
macOS, appended verbatim into the root `scutil` demote script. A non-IP entry (a
typo, a hostname, whitespace, or a newline) would malform that script rather than
fail cleanly — sitting against the "a failed apply must never leave the system
half-configured" bar.

- Add `splitway_shared::config::is_ip_literal` (strict `IpAddr` parse — rejects
  surrounding/embedded whitespace and newlines, so it doubles as an injection
  guard). Pure and unit-tested.
- `effective_demote_target` now accepts the override only when every entry is an
  IP literal; otherwise it logs and falls back to the detector's demote-target
  (the physical DHCP resolver), so a bad config degrades to auto-detection rather
  than a broken/mangled demote.

Adds tests for the helper and for the override-rejection path. Verified with
`cargo fmt` and `cargo clippy --target x86_64-apple-darwin -p splitway-daemon -p splitway-shared --all-targets -- -D warnings`.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_019HLLqoCWZb1fAqYPsw1hug
---
 splitway-daemon/src/daemon/state.rs | 47 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++---
 splitway-shared/src/config/mod.rs   | 26 ++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 68 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/splitway-daemon/src/daemon/state.rs b/splitway-daemon/src/daemon/state.rs
index 66b78fc..13e9ef3 100644
--- a/splitway-daemon/src/daemon/state.rs
+++ b/splitway-daemon/src/daemon/state.rs
@@ -385,13 +385,31 @@ impl StateMachine {
     }
 
     /// The off-tunnel fallback resolver to fold into the `VpnInfo` handed to the
-    /// backend: the configured `fallback_dns` override if set, else the
-    /// detector-supplied `demote_target` (the physical interface's own DHCP
-    /// resolver). `None` on a backend/VPN that does not demote. The backend
-    /// applies the demote only when this is `Some(non-empty)`.
+    /// backend: the configured `fallback_dns` override if set **and every entry is
+    /// a valid IP literal**, else the detector-supplied `demote_target` (the
+    /// physical interface's own DHCP resolver). A malformed override is ignored —
+    /// it would otherwise reach the root `scutil` demote script verbatim. `None` on
+    /// a backend/VPN that does not demote. The backend applies the demote only when
+    /// this is `Some(non-empty)`.
     fn effective_demote_target(&self, info: &VpnInfo) -> Option<Vec<String>> {
         match &self.config.fallback_dns {
-            Some(servers) if !servers.is_empty() => Some(servers.clone()),
+            // A configured override wins — but only when every entry is a real IP
+            // literal. The values are appended verbatim into the root `scutil`
+            // demote script, so a non-IP entry (a typo, a hostname, whitespace, an
+            // empty element) would malform the script rather than fail cleanly.
+            // Reject the whole override in that case and fall back to the detector's
+            // demote-target, logging so the bad config is visible.
+            Some(servers) if !servers.is_empty() => {
+                if servers.iter().all(|s| config::is_ip_literal(s)) {
+                    Some(servers.clone())
+                } else {
+                    log::warn!(
+                        "ignoring fallback_dns: every entry must be an IP literal; \
+                         using the detected physical resolver instead"
+                    );
+                    info.demote_target.clone()
+                }
+            }
             _ => info.demote_target.clone(),
         }
     }
@@ -3431,6 +3449,25 @@ mod tests {
         );
     }
 
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn macos_apply_ignores_a_non_ip_fallback_dns_override() {
+        // A `fallback_dns` override with a non-IP entry must NOT reach the backend:
+        // it would be interpolated verbatim into the root `scutil` demote script. It
+        // is rejected as a whole and the detector's demote-target is used instead.
+        let backend = Arc::new(MockBackend::default());
+        backend.set_reverts_globally(true);
+        let mut cfg = config(true, &["corp.example.com"]);
+        cfg.fallback_dns = Some(vec!["not-an-ip".to_string()]);
+        let mut sm = machine(backend.clone(), cfg, "macos-bad-override");
+
+        sm.on_event(vpn_up_macos("utun7", &["198.51.100.1"])).await;
+        assert_eq!(
+            backend.applied_demote_targets.lock().unwrap().as_slice(),
+            &[Some(vec!["198.51.100.1".to_string()])],
+            "a non-IP fallback_dns override is ignored; the detector's demote-target is used"
+        );
+    }
+
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn macos_reapplies_on_a_redetect_after_the_default_was_reasserted() {
         // Reconcile-on-event: if the VPN re-asserts its default after a network
diff --git a/splitway-shared/src/config/mod.rs b/splitway-shared/src/config/mod.rs
index 1da1c92..7d705eb 100755
--- a/splitway-shared/src/config/mod.rs
+++ b/splitway-shared/src/config/mod.rs
@@ -146,6 +146,17 @@ pub fn config_file_path() -> PathBuf {
     config_folder_path().join("config.json")
 }
 
+/// Whether `s` is a bare IPv4/IPv6 address literal — not a hostname, not empty,
+/// and with no surrounding or embedded whitespace. Used to validate resolver
+/// addresses before they reach a platform DNS command that interpolates them
+/// verbatim (e.g. the macOS `scutil` demote script: a non-IP value would malform
+/// the script rather than fail cleanly). `IpAddr` parsing is strict — it rejects
+/// trailing/leading spaces and embedded newlines — so this doubles as an
+/// injection guard. Pure; unit-tested without a live system.
+pub fn is_ip_literal(s: &str) -> bool {
+    s.parse::<std::net::IpAddr>().is_ok()
+}
+
 fn config_folder_path() -> PathBuf {
     // Resolve without panicking — this runs inside a long-lived daemon that
     // may be a systemd service where HOME is not guaranteed. Prefer
@@ -386,6 +397,21 @@ mod tests {
         assert!(!leftover_temp, "atomic_write left a temp file behind");
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn is_ip_literal_accepts_addresses_and_rejects_everything_else() {
+        assert!(is_ip_literal("192.0.2.1"));
+        assert!(is_ip_literal("2001:db8::1"));
+        // Rejected: a hostname, an empty element, and — critically for the
+        // unescaped `scutil` script — embedded whitespace or a newline.
+        assert!(!is_ip_literal("example.com"));
+        assert!(!is_ip_literal(""));
+        assert!(!is_ip_literal("192.0.2.1 q"));
+        assert!(!is_ip_literal(" 192.0.2.1"));
+        assert!(!is_ip_literal(
+            "192.0.2.1\nset State:/Network/Service/x/DNS"
+        ));
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn save_config_to_round_trips() {
         let path = temp_config("save-round-trip");

From c1ea854d856c7bd673ab6f2e7421c211db070624 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: stslex <ilya977.077@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 2 Jul 2026 09:34:59 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 47/51] fix(daemon): correct the macOS demote snapshot
 lifecycle + harden the scutil seam (review P1/P1/P2/P2/P3)

Five coupled review findings on the phase-7d demote (backend/macos):

- P1 stale prior: the same-service refresh keyed on `current != fallback`,
  which is always false in the DEFAULT config (fallback == demote_target == the
  physical resolver), so a DHCP change while demoted never refreshed the
  snapshot and a later restore pinned a stale/dead resolver. The refresh now
  keys on the previously-recorded `installed_fallback` (using the about-to-
  install fallback only as a backstop when that record is empty), and rejects a
  `current` equal to the corp DNS (a hijacker rewriting the physical service
  between samples) -- corp_dns is threaded in from apply_with's scope servers.

- P1 phantom restore: restoring a departed service (configd tore its keys down
  on a Wi-Fi->Ethernet switch) re-created a phantom State: DNS key the detector
  read as an unscoped hijacker -> a false "VPN up" at a dead resolver.
  restore_snapshot now skips the write when the key is gone (new
  ScutilRunner::key_exists), covering both restore() and the primary-changed
  branch.

- P2 scutil stdout errors: scutil script mode reports a failed `set` on stdout
  with exit 0, so a failed demote was recorded as success. RealScutil::run_script
  now scans stdout (pure, tested `scutil_set_error`): success is silent, only the
  benign `No such key` from the first-time `get` is allowed; anything else fails.

- P2 inverse half-state: the post-write installed_fallback save propagated Err
  after the demote's set already took effect, so apply_with rolled back only the
  /etc/resolver scope -> default demoted but corp domains unscoped (a leak). That
  save is now best-effort; the demote stays applied and the dedup hint is
  re-derived on the next re-demote (the same-service branch already tolerates a
  lost record).

- P3 cleanup: share parser::same_set and detector::scutil_script (drop the demote
  copies, via pub(crate) re-exports) and serde-JSON the snapshot (drop the
  hand-rolled tab serializer). Also redacts the demote garbage-test fixture IP to
  RFC 5737.

Tests added for each new behaviour; the macOS-gated code type-checks under
cargo clippy --target x86_64-apple-darwin and its tests run on CI's macos runner.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01Sn5f9GAgWkv6RSZVP5LDEv
---
 splitway-daemon/src/backend/macos/backend.rs  |  11 +-
 splitway-daemon/src/backend/macos/demote.rs   | 641 ++++++++++++++----
 .../src/detector/macos/detector.rs            |  11 +-
 splitway-daemon/src/detector/macos/mod.rs     |  10 +-
 splitway-daemon/src/detector/macos/parser.rs  |   7 +-
 splitway-daemon/src/detector/mod.rs           |   8 +-
 6 files changed, 527 insertions(+), 161 deletions(-)

diff --git a/splitway-daemon/src/backend/macos/backend.rs b/splitway-daemon/src/backend/macos/backend.rs
index f26f5f7..449574a 100644
--- a/splitway-daemon/src/backend/macos/backend.rs
+++ b/splitway-daemon/src/backend/macos/backend.rs
@@ -139,7 +139,10 @@ fn apply_with(
     let journal = apply_to_dir(dir, servers, domains)?;
 
     if let Some(fallback) = fallback {
-        if let Err(e) = demote::demote(scutil, snapshots, fallback) {
+        // `servers` is the corp DNS (what the /etc/resolver scope points at); pass
+        // it so the demote never snapshots the corp resolver as the physical prior
+        // (a hijacker rewriting the physical service between samples — see demote).
+        if let Err(e) = demote::demote(scutil, snapshots, fallback, servers) {
             // Undo exactly this apply's scope changes — overwritten files back to
             // their prior bytes, newly-created and pruned files undone — so a
             // transient demote failure restores the prior scope rather than
@@ -748,7 +751,7 @@ mod tests {
         apply_to_dir(&dir, &servers(), &["a.com".to_string()]).unwrap();
         // A resolver file the user wrote by hand.
         let user_file = dir.join("user.example");
-        fs::write(&user_file, "nameserver 9.9.9.9\n").unwrap();
+        fs::write(&user_file, "nameserver 192.0.2.9\n").unwrap();
 
         let removed = remove_managed(&dir, None, None).unwrap();
         assert_eq!(removed, 1);
@@ -823,13 +826,13 @@ mod tests {
         let dir = temp_dir("apply-refuse-unmanaged");
         // The user already has a hand-written resolver for this domain.
         let user = dir.join("corp.example.com");
-        fs::write(&user, "nameserver 9.9.9.9\n").unwrap();
+        fs::write(&user, "nameserver 192.0.2.9\n").unwrap();
 
         let err = apply_to_dir(&dir, &servers(), &["corp.example.com".to_string()]).unwrap_err();
         assert!(matches!(err, PlatformError::CommandFailed(_)));
         // The user's file is left exactly as it was — not replaced by a managed
         // file that a later revert would delete.
-        assert_eq!(fs::read_to_string(&user).unwrap(), "nameserver 9.9.9.9\n");
+        assert_eq!(fs::read_to_string(&user).unwrap(), "nameserver 192.0.2.9\n");
         fs::remove_dir_all(&dir).unwrap();
     }
 
diff --git a/splitway-daemon/src/backend/macos/demote.rs b/splitway-daemon/src/backend/macos/demote.rs
index 835acaa..aa52db0 100644
--- a/splitway-daemon/src/backend/macos/demote.rs
+++ b/splitway-daemon/src/backend/macos/demote.rs
@@ -29,12 +29,14 @@
 //! ([`build_set_dns_script`] / `build_*`) that are tested directly.
 
 use std::fs;
-use std::io::Write;
 use std::path::PathBuf;
-use std::process::{Command, Stdio};
+
+use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 
 use splitway_shared::platform::PlatformError;
 
+use crate::detector::{macos_same_set as same_set, macos_scutil_script as scutil_script};
+
 /// The dynamic-store key holding the primary network service id we demote.
 const GLOBAL_IPV4_KEY: &str = "State:/Network/Global/IPv4";
 
@@ -46,14 +48,11 @@ pub(super) const SNAPSHOT_PATH: &str = "/var/run/splitway/dns-demote.snapshot";
 /// A captured pre-demote state: which service was demoted, the `InterfaceName`
 /// it was bound to, and the `ServerAddresses` it had before.
 ///
-/// Serialised to [`SNAPSHOT_PATH`] as a tiny self-describing line format (no
-/// serde dependency pulled in for one struct): each line is `<tag>\t<value>`,
-/// with tags `key` (the service DNS key, exactly once), `iface` (the
-/// `InterfaceName`, at most once — omitted when the service had none), `server`
-/// (one per prior resolver, in order), and `fallback` (one per installed-fallback
-/// resolver, in order). The tags make the optional `iface` line unambiguous even
-/// when there are no servers.
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+/// Serialised to [`SNAPSHOT_PATH`] as JSON via `serde` (already a direct
+/// dependency of this crate). JSON is used rather than a bespoke line format so
+/// there is no hand-rolled parser to keep in sync and no silent-corruption edge
+/// from a resolver value that happens to contain the field separator.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub(super) struct DemoteSnapshot {
     /// The full `State:/Network/Service/<id>/DNS` key that was overwritten.
     pub service_dns_key: String,
@@ -73,61 +72,6 @@ pub(super) struct DemoteSnapshot {
     pub installed_fallback: Vec<String>,
 }
 
-impl DemoteSnapshot {
-    /// Serialise to the on-disk `<tag>\t<value>` line format.
-    fn serialize(&self) -> String {
-        let mut out = String::new();
-        out.push_str("key\t");
-        out.push_str(&self.service_dns_key);
-        out.push('\n');
-        if let Some(iface) = &self.interface_name {
-            out.push_str("iface\t");
-            out.push_str(iface);
-            out.push('\n');
-        }
-        for s in &self.prior_servers {
-            out.push_str("server\t");
-            out.push_str(s);
-            out.push('\n');
-        }
-        for f in &self.installed_fallback {
-            out.push_str("fallback\t");
-            out.push_str(f);
-            out.push('\n');
-        }
-        out
-    }
-
-    /// Parse the on-disk `<tag>\t<value>` line format. Requires a `key` line;
-    /// `iface` is optional; `server` and `fallback` lines are collected in order.
-    /// Returns `None` for an empty/garbled snapshot (no `key`).
-    fn deserialize(text: &str) -> Option<Self> {
-        let mut service_dns_key: Option<String> = None;
-        let mut interface_name: Option<String> = None;
-        let mut prior_servers: Vec<String> = Vec::new();
-        let mut installed_fallback: Vec<String> = Vec::new();
-        for line in text.lines() {
-            let line = line.trim_end_matches(['\r', '\n']);
-            let Some((tag, value)) = line.split_once('\t') else {
-                continue; // skip a malformed line rather than failing the whole load
-            };
-            match tag {
-                "key" => service_dns_key = Some(value.to_string()),
-                "iface" if !value.is_empty() => interface_name = Some(value.to_string()),
-                "server" if !value.is_empty() => prior_servers.push(value.to_string()),
-                "fallback" if !value.is_empty() => installed_fallback.push(value.to_string()),
-                _ => {}
-            }
-        }
-        Some(DemoteSnapshot {
-            service_dns_key: service_dns_key?,
-            interface_name,
-            prior_servers,
-            installed_fallback,
-        })
-    }
-}
-
 /// The current DNS dict of one service, as read from
 /// `State:/Network/Service/<id>/DNS` — the bits the demote must snapshot and
 /// preserve.
@@ -150,7 +94,14 @@ pub(super) trait ScutilRunner {
     /// `State:/Network/Service/<id>/DNS`.
     fn service_dns_state(&self, service_dns_key: &str) -> Result<ServiceDnsState, PlatformError>;
 
-    /// Run a `scutil` script (the text piped to `scutil`'s stdin).
+    /// Whether `key` currently exists in the dynamic store. A restore uses this
+    /// to avoid re-creating a phantom `State:` entry for a service configd has
+    /// already torn down (see [`restore_snapshot`]).
+    fn key_exists(&self, key: &str) -> Result<bool, PlatformError>;
+
+    /// Run a `scutil` *set* script (the text piped to `scutil`'s stdin). The impl
+    /// must surface a command failure even when `scutil` reports it on stdout with
+    /// a zero exit (see [`RealScutil::run_script`]).
     fn run_script(&self, script: &str) -> Result<(), PlatformError>;
 }
 
@@ -219,7 +170,7 @@ pub(super) struct RealScutil;
 
 impl ScutilRunner for RealScutil {
     fn primary_service(&self) -> Result<Option<String>, PlatformError> {
-        let dump = run_scutil(&format!("show {GLOBAL_IPV4_KEY}\n"))?;
+        let dump = scutil_script(&format!("show {GLOBAL_IPV4_KEY}\n"))?;
         Ok(crate::detector::macos_parse_scalar_field(
             &dump,
             "PrimaryService",
@@ -227,45 +178,53 @@ impl ScutilRunner for RealScutil {
     }
 
     fn service_dns_state(&self, service_dns_key: &str) -> Result<ServiceDnsState, PlatformError> {
-        let dump = run_scutil(&format!("show {service_dns_key}\n"))?;
+        let dump = scutil_script(&format!("show {service_dns_key}\n"))?;
         Ok(ServiceDnsState {
             interface_name: crate::detector::macos_parse_scalar_field(&dump, "InterfaceName"),
             servers: crate::detector::macos_parse_array_field(&dump, "ServerAddresses"),
         })
     }
 
+    fn key_exists(&self, key: &str) -> Result<bool, PlatformError> {
+        // `scutil` prints `No such key` (exit 0) for a `show` of an absent key;
+        // any other output means the key exists.
+        Ok(!scutil_script(&format!("show {key}\n"))?.contains("No such key"))
+    }
+
     fn run_script(&self, script: &str) -> Result<(), PlatformError> {
-        run_scutil(script).map(|_| ())
+        // `scutil` in script mode reports a failed command on **stdout** while
+        // still exiting 0 (it prints via `SCPrint`), so the exit-status check in
+        // `scutil_script` alone would record a failed `set` — the exact leak this
+        // demote closes — as success. A successful `open`/`d.init`/`get`/`d.add`/
+        // `set`/`quit` sequence is silent, so any non-benign stdout is a failure;
+        // the only benign output is `No such key` from `build_set_dns_script`'s
+        // `get` on a first-time / missing service key.
+        let out = scutil_script(script)?;
+        if let Some(err) = scutil_set_error(&out) {
+            return Err(PlatformError::CommandFailed(format!(
+                "scutil reported an error running a set script (stdout, exit 0): {err}"
+            )));
+        }
+        Ok(())
     }
 }
 
-/// Pipe `script` to `scutil`'s stdin and return its stdout.
-fn run_scutil(script: &str) -> Result<String, PlatformError> {
-    let mut child = Command::new("scutil")
-        .stdin(Stdio::piped())
-        .stdout(Stdio::piped())
-        .stderr(Stdio::piped())
-        .spawn()
-        .map_err(|e| PlatformError::CommandFailed(format!("failed to spawn scutil: {e}")))?;
-    {
-        let mut stdin = child.stdin.take().ok_or_else(|| {
-            PlatformError::CommandFailed("scutil stdin was not captured".to_string())
-        })?;
-        stdin
-            .write_all(script.as_bytes())
-            .map_err(|e| PlatformError::CommandFailed(format!("writing scutil script: {e}")))?;
-    }
-    let output = child
-        .wait_with_output()
-        .map_err(|e| PlatformError::CommandFailed(format!("waiting for scutil: {e}")))?;
-    if !output.status.success() {
-        return Err(PlatformError::CommandFailed(format!(
-            "scutil exited with {}: {}",
-            output.status,
-            String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stderr).trim()
-        )));
-    }
-    Ok(String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stdout).into_owned())
+/// Inspect `scutil` script-mode stdout for a reported command failure. Success is
+/// silent, so this returns `Some(joined error lines)` for any non-empty output
+/// other than the benign `No such key` notice (a `get` on a missing service key,
+/// which the demote/restore scripts issue by design), else `None`. Pure so the
+/// stdout-vs-exit-status contract is unit-tested without a live `scutil`.
+fn scutil_set_error(stdout: &str) -> Option<String> {
+    let residue: Vec<&str> = stdout
+        .lines()
+        .map(str::trim)
+        .filter(|line| !line.is_empty() && !line.contains("No such key"))
+        .collect();
+    if residue.is_empty() {
+        None
+    } else {
+        Some(residue.join("; "))
+    }
 }
 
 /// Reads/writes the on-disk demote snapshot. A trait so tests inject a temp-dir
@@ -292,7 +251,9 @@ impl FileSnapshotStore {
 impl SnapshotStore for FileSnapshotStore {
     fn load(&self) -> Option<DemoteSnapshot> {
         let text = fs::read_to_string(&self.path).ok()?;
-        DemoteSnapshot::deserialize(&text)
+        // A garbled/partial file parses to `None` (treated as "nothing demoted"),
+        // never a panic.
+        serde_json::from_str(&text).ok()
     }
 
     fn save(&self, snapshot: &DemoteSnapshot) -> Result<(), PlatformError> {
@@ -304,8 +265,11 @@ impl SnapshotStore for FileSnapshotStore {
                 ))
             })?;
         }
+        let bytes = serde_json::to_vec(snapshot).map_err(|e| {
+            PlatformError::CommandFailed(format!("serialising demote snapshot: {e}"))
+        })?;
         // atomic_write keeps the snapshot intact on a crash mid-write.
-        splitway_shared::config::atomic_write(&self.path, snapshot.serialize().as_bytes())
+        splitway_shared::config::atomic_write(&self.path, &bytes)
             .map_err(|e| PlatformError::CommandFailed(format!("writing demote snapshot: {e}")))
     }
 
@@ -314,19 +278,6 @@ impl SnapshotStore for FileSnapshotStore {
     }
 }
 
-/// Order-insensitive equality of two resolver lists (treated as sets) — used to
-/// tell whether a service's live DNS is still our fallback or a new real resolver.
-fn same_server_set(a: &[String], b: &[String]) -> bool {
-    if a.len() != b.len() {
-        return false;
-    }
-    let mut a: Vec<&String> = a.iter().collect();
-    let mut b: Vec<&String> = b.iter().collect();
-    a.sort();
-    b.sort();
-    a == b
-}
-
 /// Demote the system default resolver to `fallback`, snapshotting the prior
 /// primary-service DNS first so [`restore`] can undo it. Idempotent: re-running
 /// with the same fallback is a no-op-equivalent (it re-sets the same servers);
@@ -335,10 +286,18 @@ fn same_server_set(a: &[String], b: &[String]) -> bool {
 ///
 /// Returns `Ok(false)` (not an error) when there is no primary service to demote
 /// — the caller treats that as "nothing to do".
+///
+/// `corp_dns` is the VPN's own resolver (the servers the `/etc/resolver` scope
+/// points at). Detection guarantees it differs from the physical resolver, so it
+/// is never a legitimate "prior": passing it lets the same-service refresh reject
+/// a `current` that equals it — i.e. a hijacking client that rewrote the physical
+/// service's `ServerAddresses` to its corp DNS between samples — instead of
+/// snapshotting the corp resolver as the off-VPN default a later restore installs.
 pub(super) fn demote(
     scutil: &dyn ScutilRunner,
     snapshots: &dyn SnapshotStore,
     fallback: &[String],
+    corp_dns: &[String],
 ) -> Result<bool, PlatformError> {
     if fallback.is_empty() {
         return Err(PlatformError::CommandFailed(
@@ -368,21 +327,32 @@ pub(super) fn demote(
     match snapshots.load() {
         Some(existing) if existing.service_dns_key == key => {
             let current = scutil.service_dns_state(&key)?;
-            // Keep the original prior while the service still shows a fallback WE
-            // installed — never capture our own fallback. We recognise "ours" two
-            // ways: the recorded `installed_fallback` (handles a `fallback_dns`
-            // change, where the service still shows a *previous* fallback we wrote)
-            // AND the `fallback` we are about to (re)install (handles a retry after
-            // the post-write `installed_fallback` record below failed, leaving it
-            // stale/empty while the service already shows this fallback — without
-            // this clause the retry would mistake our own fallback for a DHCP
-            // update and snapshot it as the prior, losing the real resolver). A
-            // value that is neither empty nor one of those is a genuine DHCP update
-            // on the same service → adopt it as the new prior so a later restore
-            // writes it.
+            // Refresh the prior when the service's live DNS is a genuine new
+            // resolver — a DHCP renewal handed the same service a new one and the
+            // watcher re-emitted Up — so a later restore writes the latest rather
+            // than a stale pre-change value. The hard part is telling that apart
+            // from OUR OWN fallback:
+            //
+            // - `current != installed_fallback` — the recorded fallback we last
+            //   wrote — is the primary signal. It stays correct in the default
+            //   config where the fallback tracks the physical DHCP resolver (so a
+            //   DHCP change makes `fallback` itself change): the new resolver still
+            //   differs from the *previously* recorded `installed_fallback`.
+            // - Comparing against the `fallback` we are ABOUT to install is only a
+            //   backstop for when `installed_fallback` is empty (a first-time or
+            //   lost record): then a `current` equal to that fallback is our own
+            //   write, not a DHCP update. Applying this backstop unconditionally
+            //   was the bug — in the default config the new DHCP resolver *equals*
+            //   the new fallback, so it wrongly suppressed the refresh and pinned a
+            //   stale prior. Gate it on `installed_fallback` being empty.
+            // - `current != corp_dns` rejects the VPN's own resolver leaking onto
+            //   the physical service (a hijacker rewrite between samples) — never a
+            //   legitimate prior, since detection requires corp != physical.
+            let installed_is_ours = same_set(&current.servers, &existing.installed_fallback)
+                || (existing.installed_fallback.is_empty() && same_set(&current.servers, fallback));
             if !current.servers.is_empty()
-                && !same_server_set(&current.servers, &existing.installed_fallback)
-                && !same_server_set(&current.servers, fallback)
+                && !installed_is_ours
+                && !same_set(&current.servers, corp_dns)
             {
                 snapshots.save(&DemoteSnapshot {
                     service_dns_key: key.clone(),
@@ -419,10 +389,25 @@ pub(super) fn demote(
     // recognises it as ours, even across a `fallback_dns` change. Done AFTER a
     // successful write so a failed write leaves the previously-recorded fallback
     // (still the value on the service) intact.
+    //
+    // This save is BEST-EFFORT: the demote's load-bearing effects (the `set` above
+    // and the prior snapshot) already succeeded, so a failure here must NOT fail
+    // the apply. Propagating it would make `apply_with` roll back only the
+    // `/etc/resolver` scope while the default stays demoted — the inverse
+    // half-state (default off-tunnel, but corp domains no longer scoped, so they
+    // leak via the fallback). The only thing lost is the `installed_fallback`
+    // dedup hint, which the same-service branch above already tolerates being
+    // stale/empty (the `installed_fallback.is_empty()` backstop). So log and keep
+    // the demote applied.
     if let Some(mut snapshot) = snapshots.load() {
-        if !same_server_set(&snapshot.installed_fallback, fallback) {
+        if !same_set(&snapshot.installed_fallback, fallback) {
             snapshot.installed_fallback = fallback.to_vec();
-            snapshots.save(&snapshot)?;
+            if let Err(e) = snapshots.save(&snapshot) {
+                log::warn!(
+                    "demote applied, but recording the installed fallback failed: {e}; \
+                     a later re-demote will re-derive it"
+                );
+            }
         }
     }
 
@@ -474,6 +459,22 @@ fn restore_snapshot(
     scutil: &dyn ScutilRunner,
     snapshot: &DemoteSnapshot,
 ) -> Result<(), PlatformError> {
+    // Skip the restore if the snapshot's service DNS key no longer exists — the
+    // service departed entirely (e.g. Wi-Fi off → Ethernet in, configd deleted its
+    // DNS/IPv4/IPv6 keys). `build_set_dns_script`'s `get`-then-`set` would re-create
+    // the departed key as a phantom `State:/Network/Service/<old>/DNS` carrying the
+    // stale resolver and (when the snapshot had no interface) no `InterfaceName` and
+    // no live IPv4/IPv6 entity — which the detector reads as an unscoped
+    // default-resolver hijacker → a false "VPN up" pointing corp domains at a dead
+    // resolver. A gone service needs no restore; leaving it absent is correct.
+    if !scutil.key_exists(&snapshot.service_dns_key)? {
+        log::info!(
+            "skipping restore of {}: its service DNS key no longer exists \
+             (the service departed); not re-creating a phantom entry",
+            snapshot.service_dns_key
+        );
+        return Ok(());
+    }
     let script = build_set_dns_script(
         &snapshot.service_dns_key,
         &snapshot.prior_servers,
@@ -500,6 +501,9 @@ pub(super) mod test_support {
         pub service_states: RefCell<std::collections::HashMap<String, ServiceDnsState>>,
         pub scripts: RefCell<Vec<String>>,
         pub fail_on_set: std::cell::Cell<bool>,
+        /// Service DNS keys the fake reports as absent (`key_exists` → false), so a
+        /// test can model a service configd tore down (the phantom-restore case).
+        pub absent_keys: RefCell<std::collections::HashSet<String>>,
     }
 
     impl FakeScutil {
@@ -515,6 +519,7 @@ pub(super) mod test_support {
                 service_states: RefCell::new(std::collections::HashMap::new()),
                 scripts: RefCell::new(Vec::new()),
                 fail_on_set: std::cell::Cell::new(false),
+                absent_keys: RefCell::new(std::collections::HashSet::new()),
             }
         }
 
@@ -535,6 +540,12 @@ pub(super) mod test_support {
                 .borrow_mut()
                 .insert(key.to_string(), state);
         }
+
+        /// Mark a service DNS key as gone from the dynamic store, so `key_exists`
+        /// reports it absent (the service departed — configd tore its keys down).
+        pub fn set_key_absent(&self, key: &str) {
+            self.absent_keys.borrow_mut().insert(key.to_string());
+        }
     }
 
     impl ScutilRunner for FakeScutil {
@@ -549,6 +560,9 @@ pub(super) mod test_support {
                 .cloned()
                 .unwrap_or_else(|| self.default_state.clone()))
         }
+        fn key_exists(&self, key: &str) -> Result<bool, PlatformError> {
+            Ok(!self.absent_keys.borrow().contains(key))
+        }
         fn run_script(&self, script: &str) -> Result<(), PlatformError> {
             if self.fail_on_set.get() && script.contains("set ") {
                 return Err(PlatformError::CommandFailed("simulated set failure".into()));
@@ -562,12 +576,26 @@ pub(super) mod test_support {
     #[derive(Default)]
     pub(in super::super) struct MemSnapshots {
         pub slot: RefCell<Option<DemoteSnapshot>>,
+        /// When `Some(n)`, the next `n` saves succeed and every save after that
+        /// fails — so a test can model the post-write `installed_fallback` record
+        /// failing *after* the demote's `set` already took effect (the inverse
+        /// half-state case). `None` = every save succeeds.
+        pub ok_saves: std::cell::Cell<Option<usize>>,
     }
     impl SnapshotStore for MemSnapshots {
         fn load(&self) -> Option<DemoteSnapshot> {
             self.slot.borrow().clone()
         }
         fn save(&self, snapshot: &DemoteSnapshot) -> Result<(), PlatformError> {
+            match self.ok_saves.get() {
+                Some(0) => {
+                    return Err(PlatformError::CommandFailed(
+                        "simulated snapshot save failure".into(),
+                    ))
+                }
+                Some(n) => self.ok_saves.set(Some(n - 1)),
+                None => {}
+            }
             *self.slot.borrow_mut() = Some(snapshot.clone());
             Ok(())
         }
@@ -679,6 +707,11 @@ mod tests {
         );
     }
 
+    /// Round-trip a snapshot through the on-disk (serde JSON) encoding.
+    fn json_round_trip(s: &DemoteSnapshot) -> DemoteSnapshot {
+        serde_json::from_str(&serde_json::to_string(s).unwrap()).unwrap()
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn snapshot_round_trips_through_disk_format() {
         let s = snap(
@@ -687,13 +720,13 @@ mod tests {
             &["198.51.100.1", "198.51.100.2"],
             &["203.0.113.9", "203.0.113.10"],
         );
-        assert_eq!(DemoteSnapshot::deserialize(&s.serialize()).unwrap(), s);
+        assert_eq!(json_round_trip(&s), s);
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn snapshot_round_trips_with_no_prior_servers_and_no_interface() {
         let s = snap("State:/Network/Service/ABC/DNS", None, &[], &[]);
-        assert_eq!(DemoteSnapshot::deserialize(&s.serialize()).unwrap(), s);
+        assert_eq!(json_round_trip(&s), s);
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -704,13 +737,19 @@ mod tests {
             &[],
             &["203.0.113.9"],
         );
-        assert_eq!(DemoteSnapshot::deserialize(&s.serialize()).unwrap(), s);
+        assert_eq!(json_round_trip(&s), s);
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn snapshot_deserialize_rejects_garbage_without_a_key() {
-        assert!(DemoteSnapshot::deserialize("").is_none());
-        assert!(DemoteSnapshot::deserialize("server\t1.2.3.4\n").is_none());
+    fn snapshot_deserialize_rejects_garbage() {
+        // The store's `load` maps any deserialize error to `None` (treated as
+        // "nothing demoted"), never a panic: empty, non-JSON, and JSON missing the
+        // required `service_dns_key` field all fail to parse.
+        assert!(serde_json::from_str::<DemoteSnapshot>("").is_err());
+        assert!(serde_json::from_str::<DemoteSnapshot>("not json at all").is_err());
+        assert!(
+            serde_json::from_str::<DemoteSnapshot>("{\"prior_servers\":[\"192.0.2.1\"]}").is_err()
+        );
     }
 
     // --- demote / restore orchestration --------------------------------------
@@ -719,7 +758,13 @@ mod tests {
     fn demote_snapshots_prior_then_sets_the_fallback_preserving_the_interface() {
         let scutil = FakeScutil::up();
         let snaps = MemSnapshots::default();
-        let did = demote(&scutil, &snaps, &["203.0.113.9".to_string()]).unwrap();
+        let did = demote(
+            &scutil,
+            &snaps,
+            &["203.0.113.9".to_string()],
+            &["192.0.2.53".to_string()],
+        )
+        .unwrap();
         assert!(did);
         // Prior state captured for the primary service, including its interface.
         assert_eq!(
@@ -747,7 +792,13 @@ mod tests {
     fn redemote_same_service_still_on_our_fallback_keeps_the_snapshot() {
         let scutil = FakeScutil::up();
         let snaps = MemSnapshots::default();
-        demote(&scutil, &snaps, &["203.0.113.9".to_string()]).unwrap();
+        demote(
+            &scutil,
+            &snaps,
+            &["203.0.113.9".to_string()],
+            &["192.0.2.53".to_string()],
+        )
+        .unwrap();
         let after_first = snaps.load().unwrap();
         // The demote took effect: the service now reports OUR fallback as its DNS.
         scutil.set_service_state(
@@ -759,7 +810,13 @@ mod tests {
         );
         // A second demote (same primary, still our fallback) must keep the ORIGINAL
         // prior, not snapshot our own fallback.
-        demote(&scutil, &snaps, &["203.0.113.9".to_string()]).unwrap();
+        demote(
+            &scutil,
+            &snaps,
+            &["203.0.113.9".to_string()],
+            &["192.0.2.53".to_string()],
+        )
+        .unwrap();
         assert_eq!(snaps.load().unwrap(), after_first);
         assert_eq!(
             after_first.prior_servers,
@@ -776,7 +833,13 @@ mod tests {
         // the latest service DNS instead of pinning the pre-change one.
         let scutil = FakeScutil::up();
         let snaps = MemSnapshots::default();
-        demote(&scutil, &snaps, &["203.0.113.9".to_string()]).unwrap();
+        demote(
+            &scutil,
+            &snaps,
+            &["203.0.113.9".to_string()],
+            &["192.0.2.53".to_string()],
+        )
+        .unwrap();
         // DHCP hands the same service a new resolver.
         scutil.set_service_state(
             "State:/Network/Service/ABC/DNS",
@@ -785,7 +848,13 @@ mod tests {
                 servers: vec!["198.51.100.77".to_string()],
             },
         );
-        demote(&scutil, &snaps, &["203.0.113.9".to_string()]).unwrap();
+        demote(
+            &scutil,
+            &snaps,
+            &["203.0.113.9".to_string()],
+            &["192.0.2.53".to_string()],
+        )
+        .unwrap();
         assert_eq!(
             snaps.load().unwrap(),
             snap(
@@ -806,7 +875,13 @@ mod tests {
         // still write the real DHCP resolver, not our old fallback.
         let scutil = FakeScutil::up();
         let snaps = MemSnapshots::default();
-        demote(&scutil, &snaps, &["203.0.113.9".to_string()]).unwrap();
+        demote(
+            &scutil,
+            &snaps,
+            &["203.0.113.9".to_string()],
+            &["192.0.2.53".to_string()],
+        )
+        .unwrap();
         // The demote took effect: the service shows our first fallback.
         scutil.set_service_state(
             "State:/Network/Service/ABC/DNS",
@@ -816,7 +891,13 @@ mod tests {
             },
         );
         // fallback_dns changes to a different resolver; re-demote.
-        demote(&scutil, &snaps, &["203.0.113.50".to_string()]).unwrap();
+        demote(
+            &scutil,
+            &snaps,
+            &["203.0.113.50".to_string()],
+            &["192.0.2.53".to_string()],
+        )
+        .unwrap();
         let after = snaps.load().unwrap();
         assert_eq!(
             after.prior_servers,
@@ -859,7 +940,13 @@ mod tests {
             },
         );
         // Retry the demote with the SAME fallback.
-        demote(&scutil, &snaps, &["203.0.113.9".to_string()]).unwrap();
+        demote(
+            &scutil,
+            &snaps,
+            &["203.0.113.9".to_string()],
+            &["192.0.2.53".to_string()],
+        )
+        .unwrap();
         let after = snaps.load().unwrap();
         assert_eq!(
             after.prior_servers,
@@ -874,6 +961,229 @@ mod tests {
         );
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn redemote_default_config_refreshes_when_dhcp_equals_the_new_fallback() {
+        // P1: in the DEFAULT config the fallback IS the physical DHCP resolver, so
+        // a DHCP change makes the new resolver EQUAL the new fallback. The refresh
+        // must still fire — keyed on the PREVIOUSLY recorded installed_fallback, not
+        // on comparing against the fallback we are about to install — or a later
+        // restore pins the stale pre-change resolver. The old `current != fallback`
+        // guard wrongly suppressed exactly this case.
+        let scutil = FakeScutil::up();
+        let snaps = MemSnapshots::default();
+        // First demote, default config: fallback == the physical DHCP resolver.
+        demote(
+            &scutil,
+            &snaps,
+            &["198.51.100.1".to_string()],
+            &["192.0.2.53".to_string()],
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+        // DHCP renews: the service now shows a NEW resolver, and in the default
+        // config the detector's demote-target (== the fallback) is that same value.
+        scutil.set_service_state(
+            "State:/Network/Service/ABC/DNS",
+            ServiceDnsState {
+                interface_name: Some("en0".to_string()),
+                servers: vec!["198.51.100.77".to_string()],
+            },
+        );
+        demote(
+            &scutil,
+            &snaps,
+            &["198.51.100.77".to_string()],
+            &["192.0.2.53".to_string()],
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+        let after = snaps.load().unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(
+            after.prior_servers,
+            vec!["198.51.100.77".to_string()],
+            "the prior must refresh to the new DHCP resolver even when it equals the new fallback"
+        );
+        assert_eq!(after.installed_fallback, vec!["198.51.100.77".to_string()]);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn redemote_never_captures_the_corp_resolver_as_a_prior() {
+        // P1 edge: a hijacking client rewrites the physical service's
+        // ServerAddresses to its OWN corp DNS between samples. That corp value must
+        // never be captured as the prior — a later restore would then install the
+        // corp resolver as the off-VPN default. The real prior stays untouched.
+        let scutil = FakeScutil::up();
+        let snaps = MemSnapshots::default();
+        demote(
+            &scutil,
+            &snaps,
+            &["203.0.113.9".to_string()],
+            &["192.0.2.53".to_string()],
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+        // The physical service now (transiently) shows the corp resolver.
+        scutil.set_service_state(
+            "State:/Network/Service/ABC/DNS",
+            ServiceDnsState {
+                interface_name: Some("en0".to_string()),
+                servers: vec!["192.0.2.53".to_string()],
+            },
+        );
+        demote(
+            &scutil,
+            &snaps,
+            &["203.0.113.9".to_string()],
+            &["192.0.2.53".to_string()],
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(
+            snaps.load().unwrap().prior_servers,
+            vec!["198.51.100.1".to_string()],
+            "the corp resolver must never be snapshotted as the physical prior"
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn demote_survives_a_post_write_installed_fallback_save_failure() {
+        // P2: the `set` already demoted the default and the prior snapshot is saved,
+        // but the post-write installed_fallback record fails. The demote must NOT
+        // fail — that would make apply_with roll back only the /etc/resolver scope,
+        // leaving the inverse half-state (default demoted, corp domains unscoped →
+        // they leak via the fallback). It stays applied; only the dedup hint is lost.
+        let scutil = FakeScutil::up();
+        let snaps = MemSnapshots::default();
+        // The first save (capture_snapshot) succeeds; the second (post-write) fails.
+        snaps.ok_saves.set(Some(1));
+        let did = demote(
+            &scutil,
+            &snaps,
+            &["203.0.113.9".to_string()],
+            &["192.0.2.53".to_string()],
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+        assert!(
+            did,
+            "the demote stays applied despite the bookkeeping save failure"
+        );
+        // The set took effect (the fallback script was issued)...
+        assert!(scutil
+            .scripts
+            .borrow()
+            .iter()
+            .any(|s| s.contains("d.add ServerAddresses * 203.0.113.9")));
+        // ...and the prior snapshot survived (recoverable on a later revert).
+        let after = snaps.load().unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(after.prior_servers, vec!["198.51.100.1".to_string()]);
+        // The installed_fallback hint was not recorded (its save failed) — tolerated
+        // by the same-service refresh branch's `installed_fallback.is_empty()` path.
+        assert!(after.installed_fallback.is_empty());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn restore_skips_a_departed_service_instead_of_recreating_a_phantom() {
+        // P1: on VPN-down the demoted service has departed (Wi-Fi off → Ethernet in;
+        // configd tore down its keys). Restore must NOT re-create the key — a
+        // get-then-set would leave a phantom the detector reads as an unscoped
+        // default-resolver hijacker → a false "VPN up" at a dead resolver.
+        let scutil = FakeScutil::up();
+        let snaps = MemSnapshots::default();
+        demote(
+            &scutil,
+            &snaps,
+            &["203.0.113.9".to_string()],
+            &["192.0.2.53".to_string()],
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+        scutil.scripts.borrow_mut().clear();
+        // The demoted service's DNS key is gone.
+        scutil.set_key_absent("State:/Network/Service/ABC/DNS");
+
+        let restored = restore(&scutil, &snaps).unwrap();
+        assert!(
+            restored,
+            "restore reports it handled the snapshot so the caller still flushes"
+        );
+        // No set script re-created the departed key...
+        assert!(
+            scutil
+                .scripts
+                .borrow()
+                .iter()
+                .all(|s| !s.contains("set State:/Network/Service/ABC/DNS")),
+            "a departed service must not be re-created as a phantom"
+        );
+        // ...and the snapshot is cleared.
+        assert!(snaps.load().is_none());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn demote_on_a_changed_primary_skips_a_departed_old_service() {
+        // P1: the primary switched because the OLD service departed entirely (its
+        // keys are gone). The old service must NOT be restored (no phantom); the new
+        // primary is still snapshotted and demoted.
+        let scutil = FakeScutil::up(); // primary ABC (en0)
+        let snaps = MemSnapshots::default();
+        demote(
+            &scutil,
+            &snaps,
+            &["203.0.113.9".to_string()],
+            &["192.0.2.53".to_string()],
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+        scutil.scripts.borrow_mut().clear();
+        // The old primary ABC departed; the new primary is XYZ (en1) with its own DNS.
+        scutil.set_key_absent("State:/Network/Service/ABC/DNS");
+        scutil.set_primary("XYZ");
+        scutil.set_service_state(
+            "State:/Network/Service/XYZ/DNS",
+            ServiceDnsState {
+                interface_name: Some("en1".to_string()),
+                servers: vec!["198.51.100.50".to_string()],
+            },
+        );
+        demote(
+            &scutil,
+            &snaps,
+            &["203.0.113.9".to_string()],
+            &["192.0.2.53".to_string()],
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+
+        let scripts = scutil.scripts.borrow();
+        // The departed old service is NOT restored (no phantom re-created).
+        assert!(
+            scripts
+                .iter()
+                .all(|s| !s.contains("set State:/Network/Service/ABC/DNS")),
+            "the departed old service must not be re-created"
+        );
+        // The new primary IS demoted to the fallback.
+        assert!(scripts
+            .iter()
+            .any(|s| s.contains("set State:/Network/Service/XYZ/DNS")
+                && s.contains("d.add ServerAddresses * 203.0.113.9")));
+        drop(scripts);
+        assert_eq!(
+            snaps.load().unwrap().service_dns_key,
+            "State:/Network/Service/XYZ/DNS"
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn scutil_set_error_flags_stdout_failures_but_allows_no_such_key() {
+        // Success is silent → None.
+        assert!(scutil_set_error("").is_none());
+        assert!(scutil_set_error("\n  \n").is_none());
+        // The benign `get` on a missing key → None (the demote/restore scripts
+        // issue `get` by design, and a first-time service key does not exist yet).
+        assert!(scutil_set_error("  No such key\n").is_none());
+        assert!(scutil_set_error("No such key\nNo such key\n").is_none());
+        // A real stdout-reported failure (exit 0) → Some.
+        let err = scutil_set_error("  SCPreferencesCommitChanges: Permission denied\n").unwrap();
+        assert!(err.contains("Permission denied"));
+        // Mixed: only the non-benign line is reported.
+        let err = scutil_set_error("No such key\n  failed to apply\n").unwrap();
+        assert!(err.contains("failed to apply") && !err.contains("No such key"));
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn demote_on_a_changed_primary_restores_the_old_then_snapshots_the_new() {
         // P2: the primary service changes while up (e.g. Wi-Fi → Ethernet) with a
@@ -881,7 +1191,13 @@ mod tests {
         // stranded on our fallback), and the NEW service snapshotted + demoted.
         let scutil = FakeScutil::up(); // primary = ABC (en0)
         let snaps = MemSnapshots::default();
-        demote(&scutil, &snaps, &["203.0.113.9".to_string()]).unwrap();
+        demote(
+            &scutil,
+            &snaps,
+            &["203.0.113.9".to_string()],
+            &["192.0.2.53".to_string()],
+        )
+        .unwrap();
         scutil.scripts.borrow_mut().clear();
 
         // The primary switches to XYZ on en1 with its own DHCP resolver.
@@ -893,7 +1209,13 @@ mod tests {
                 servers: vec!["198.51.100.50".to_string()],
             },
         );
-        demote(&scutil, &snaps, &["203.0.113.9".to_string()]).unwrap();
+        demote(
+            &scutil,
+            &snaps,
+            &["203.0.113.9".to_string()],
+            &["192.0.2.53".to_string()],
+        )
+        .unwrap();
 
         // The snapshot now tracks the NEW primary with its real prior DNS.
         assert_eq!(
@@ -929,7 +1251,13 @@ mod tests {
         let scutil = FakeScutil::up();
         *scutil.primary.borrow_mut() = None;
         let snaps = MemSnapshots::default();
-        let did = demote(&scutil, &snaps, &["203.0.113.9".to_string()]).unwrap();
+        let did = demote(
+            &scutil,
+            &snaps,
+            &["203.0.113.9".to_string()],
+            &["192.0.2.53".to_string()],
+        )
+        .unwrap();
         assert!(!did);
         assert!(snaps.load().is_none());
         assert!(scutil.scripts.borrow().is_empty());
@@ -939,7 +1267,7 @@ mod tests {
     fn demote_to_empty_fallback_is_rejected() {
         let scutil = FakeScutil::up();
         let snaps = MemSnapshots::default();
-        assert!(demote(&scutil, &snaps, &[]).is_err());
+        assert!(demote(&scutil, &snaps, &[], &["192.0.2.53".to_string()]).is_err());
         // Nothing captured or issued on rejection.
         assert!(snaps.load().is_none());
         assert!(scutil.scripts.borrow().is_empty());
@@ -949,7 +1277,13 @@ mod tests {
     fn restore_sets_prior_servers_with_the_interface_and_clears_snapshot() {
         let scutil = FakeScutil::up();
         let snaps = MemSnapshots::default();
-        demote(&scutil, &snaps, &["203.0.113.9".to_string()]).unwrap();
+        demote(
+            &scutil,
+            &snaps,
+            &["203.0.113.9".to_string()],
+            &["192.0.2.53".to_string()],
+        )
+        .unwrap();
         scutil.scripts.borrow_mut().clear();
 
         restore(&scutil, &snaps).unwrap();
@@ -977,7 +1311,13 @@ mod tests {
             },
         );
         let snaps = MemSnapshots::default();
-        demote(&scutil, &snaps, &["203.0.113.9".to_string()]).unwrap();
+        demote(
+            &scutil,
+            &snaps,
+            &["203.0.113.9".to_string()],
+            &["192.0.2.53".to_string()],
+        )
+        .unwrap();
         scutil.scripts.borrow_mut().clear();
 
         restore(&scutil, &snaps).unwrap();
@@ -1004,7 +1344,12 @@ mod tests {
         let scutil = FakeScutil::up();
         scutil.fail_on_set();
         let snaps = MemSnapshots::default();
-        let result = demote(&scutil, &snaps, &["203.0.113.9".to_string()]);
+        let result = demote(
+            &scutil,
+            &snaps,
+            &["203.0.113.9".to_string()],
+            &["192.0.2.53".to_string()],
+        );
         assert!(result.is_err());
         // Snapshot persisted so the half-done demote is recoverable on revert.
         assert!(snaps.load().is_some());
diff --git a/splitway-daemon/src/detector/macos/detector.rs b/splitway-daemon/src/detector/macos/detector.rs
index becf3af..1c0560b 100644
--- a/splitway-daemon/src/detector/macos/detector.rs
+++ b/splitway-daemon/src/detector/macos/detector.rs
@@ -174,7 +174,16 @@ fn scutil_list(pattern: &str) -> Result<String, PlatformError> {
 /// Drive `scutil` in script mode by piping `script` (terminated by an implicit
 /// quit on EOF) to its stdin. Centralises the spawn + error mapping so the
 /// individual readers stay one-liners and the whole I/O surface is one function.
-fn scutil_script(script: &str) -> Result<String, PlatformError> {
+///
+/// Shared with the demote backend (`crate::detector::macos_scutil_script`) so the
+/// single `scutil` driver — spawn, stdin pipe, exit-status mapping — has exactly
+/// one implementation; a future change to it (a timeout, non-UTF-8 handling)
+/// lands in one place rather than drifting between two near-identical copies.
+/// Returns the raw stdout; a non-zero exit is mapped to `Err`, but note `scutil`
+/// in script mode also reports some command failures on stdout with exit 0 (a
+/// missing key is `No such key`), so a *set* caller must additionally inspect the
+/// returned stdout (see the demote's `RealScutil::run_script`).
+pub(crate) fn scutil_script(script: &str) -> Result<String, PlatformError> {
     use std::io::Write;
     use std::process::Stdio;
 
diff --git a/splitway-daemon/src/detector/macos/mod.rs b/splitway-daemon/src/detector/macos/mod.rs
index ac34ed3..6f0b467 100644
--- a/splitway-daemon/src/detector/macos/mod.rs
+++ b/splitway-daemon/src/detector/macos/mod.rs
@@ -14,8 +14,12 @@ mod parser;
 mod state;
 mod watch;
 
-/// Re-export the dynamic-store dump parsers for the macOS DNS backend's demote,
-/// which reads the same `scutil` dump shape (see [`crate::detector`]).
-pub(crate) use parser::{parse_array_field, parse_scalar_field};
+/// Re-export the pieces the macOS DNS backend's demote reuses so the two macOS
+/// modules share one implementation rather than duplicating it: the dynamic-store
+/// dump parsers (the demote reads the same `scutil` dump shape), the `scutil`
+/// script driver, and the order-insensitive resolver-set compare. See
+/// [`crate::detector`].
+pub(crate) use detector::scutil_script;
+pub(crate) use parser::{parse_array_field, parse_scalar_field, same_set};
 
 pub struct MacosDetector;
diff --git a/splitway-daemon/src/detector/macos/parser.rs b/splitway-daemon/src/detector/macos/parser.rs
index 0d063b9..59e5b49 100644
--- a/splitway-daemon/src/detector/macos/parser.rs
+++ b/splitway-daemon/src/detector/macos/parser.rs
@@ -254,8 +254,11 @@ pub(super) fn decide(model: &DnsModel) -> Detected {
     }
 }
 
-/// Order-insensitive equality of two resolver lists (treated as sets).
-fn same_set(a: &[String], b: &[String]) -> bool {
+/// Order-insensitive equality of two resolver lists (treated as sets). Shared
+/// with the demote (`crate::detector::macos_same_set`) so detection dedup and the
+/// demote's "is the service's live DNS still our fallback" check can never drift
+/// apart on what counts as the "same resolver set".
+pub(crate) fn same_set(a: &[String], b: &[String]) -> bool {
     if a.len() != b.len() {
         return false;
     }
diff --git a/splitway-daemon/src/detector/mod.rs b/splitway-daemon/src/detector/mod.rs
index 1eb7531..9d8155a 100644
--- a/splitway-daemon/src/detector/mod.rs
+++ b/splitway-daemon/src/detector/mod.rs
@@ -4,13 +4,15 @@ mod linux;
 #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
 mod macos;
 
-/// Re-export the macOS dynamic-store dump parsers so the macOS DNS backend can
+/// Re-export the macOS dynamic-store primitives so the macOS DNS backend can
 /// reuse them for the demote (it reads the same `scutil` dump shape to find the
-/// primary service and its current DNS). Kept here, behind the platform gate, so
-/// the two macOS modules share one parser rather than duplicating it.
+/// primary service and its current DNS, drives `scutil` the same way, and
+/// compares resolver sets the same way). Kept here, behind the platform gate, so
+/// the two macOS modules share one implementation rather than duplicating it.
 #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
 pub(crate) use macos::{
     parse_array_field as macos_parse_array_field, parse_scalar_field as macos_parse_scalar_field,
+    same_set as macos_same_set, scutil_script as macos_scutil_script,
 };
 
 #[cfg(target_os = "windows")]

From 095732ab944946bdee6ca2b4c24db3048f233ff5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: stslex <ilya977.077@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 2 Jul 2026 09:35:20 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 48/51] fix(daemon): clear pending_global_cleanup on a
 successful applied-path revert (review P3)

An apply-fail -> revert-success sequence on a global-revert backend (macOS) left
pending_global_cleanup set, so routing_state() reported ApplyFailed on a system
the revert had actually cleaned, until some later event ran the applied==None
branch. The applied-path revert-success arm now clears the flag when the backend
reverts globally (its revert_rules restores the demote snapshot the flag tracks),
mirroring the existing apply-success clear. Test added.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01Sn5f9GAgWkv6RSZVP5LDEv
---
 splitway-daemon/src/daemon/state.rs | 58 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 58 insertions(+)

diff --git a/splitway-daemon/src/daemon/state.rs b/splitway-daemon/src/daemon/state.rs
index 13e9ef3..ace5ebd 100644
--- a/splitway-daemon/src/daemon/state.rs
+++ b/splitway-daemon/src/daemon/state.rs
@@ -613,6 +613,16 @@ impl StateMachine {
                 log::info!("reverted rules on {}", applied.interface);
                 self.applied = None;
                 self.needs_resync = false;
+                // On a global-revert backend (macOS) `revert_rules` also restores
+                // the on-disk demote snapshot — exactly the cleanup
+                // `pending_global_cleanup` tracks — so a successful applied-path
+                // revert clears it too. Without this, an apply-fail → revert-success
+                // sequence would leave the flag set and `routing_state()` stuck at
+                // `ApplyFailed` on a system that is in fact clean, until some later
+                // event happened to run the `applied == None` branch.
+                if self.backend.reverts_globally() {
+                    self.pending_global_cleanup = false;
+                }
                 Ok(())
             }
             Ok(Err(e)) => {
@@ -2084,6 +2094,54 @@ mod tests {
         );
     }
 
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn applied_path_revert_clears_a_pending_global_cleanup() {
+        // P3: startup cleanup failed (pending), then a VPN Up whose apply FAILS
+        // (applied stays Some, so the apply-success clear never runs), then a VPN
+        // Down whose applied-path revert SUCCEEDS. On a global-revert backend that
+        // revert also restores the demote snapshot the pending flag tracks, so it
+        // must be cleared here — otherwise routing_state() stays stuck at
+        // ApplyFailed on a system that is in fact clean, until some later event
+        // happens to run the `applied == None` branch.
+        let backend = Arc::new(MockBackend::default());
+        backend.set_reverts_globally(true);
+        backend.set_fail_revert(true);
+        let mut sm = machine(
+            backend.clone(),
+            config(true, &["a.com"]),
+            "applied-revert-clears-pending",
+        );
+        sm.cleanup_orphaned_state_on_startup().await; // fails → pending set
+        assert!(sm.pending_global_cleanup);
+
+        // VPN Up, but the apply fails → applied stays Some, pending flag untouched.
+        backend.set_fail_revert(false);
+        backend.set_fail_apply(true);
+        sm.on_event(vpn_up_macos("utun7", &["198.51.100.1"])).await;
+        assert!(sm.applied.is_some());
+        assert!(
+            sm.pending_global_cleanup,
+            "an apply failure never clears the pending cleanup"
+        );
+
+        // VPN Down: the applied-path revert succeeds (global) → clears the flag.
+        backend.set_fail_apply(false);
+        sm.on_event(VpnEvent::Down {
+            interface_name: "utun7".to_string(),
+        })
+        .await;
+        assert!(sm.applied.is_none());
+        assert!(
+            !sm.pending_global_cleanup,
+            "a successful global revert clears the pending cleanup"
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            sm.routing_state(),
+            RoutingState::VpnDown,
+            "the clean system reads VpnDown, not a stuck ApplyFailed"
+        );
+    }
+
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn down_reverts() {
         let backend = Arc::new(MockBackend::default());

From fe619f40a0edc6b4c608db2827c76f71b8e541d0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: stslex <ilya977.077@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 2 Jul 2026 09:35:20 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 49/51] docs(daemon): correct the macOS vpn_name claim -- empty
 name still disables detection (review P3)

The "no longer depends on vpn_name" note was overstated: the value is ignored,
but vpn_name is still load-bearing as arm_watch's arming switch (an empty name ->
DetectorHealth::Inactive, no watch), and a fresh macOS self-install boots there.
Reworded to state the residual dependency and the picker-removal follow-up caveat.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01Sn5f9GAgWkv6RSZVP5LDEv
---
 docs/design/macos-dns-privacy.md | 17 +++++++++++++----
 1 file changed, 13 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/docs/design/macos-dns-privacy.md b/docs/design/macos-dns-privacy.md
index 19f9667..e718803 100644
--- a/docs/design/macos-dns-privacy.md
+++ b/docs/design/macos-dns-privacy.md
@@ -194,10 +194,19 @@ deliberate and documented so the boundary is not mistaken for a gap.
 ## What is not built here
 
 - **GUI changes** (interface-picker removal, a corp-domains / fallback-DNS UI) —
-  a later phase. The macOS daemon no longer depends on `vpn_name` for
-  correctness; the picker remains a benign no-op on macOS (the daemon
-  auto-detects and ignores a picked `vpn_name`). The state machine is strictly
-  daemon-side here.
+  a later phase. The macOS daemon no longer depends on the *value* of `vpn_name`
+  for correctness — the detector auto-detects and ignores whatever is picked — so
+  the picker is a value-agnostic no-op there. One residual dependency remains,
+  though: `vpn_name` is still load-bearing as the **arming switch**. `arm_watch`
+  bails out when `vpn_name` is empty (`DetectorHealth::Inactive`, no SCDynamicStore
+  watch, no initial sample), and a fresh macOS self-install boots exactly there
+  (`bootstrap.sh` starts the daemon, which self-creates its config with an empty
+  `vpn_name`), so no detection runs until the user picks *some* interface (any
+  value works). Today the GUI's platform-agnostic main stage pushes the user
+  through the picker, so the flow works in practice; a future picker-removal /
+  auto-detection phase must also branch `arm_watch`'s empty-name gate (e.g. on
+  `reverts_globally()`) or it would silently disable macOS detection. The state
+  machine is strictly daemon-side here.
 - **Homebrew packaging** — a later phase; nothing ships until the live
   acceptance below passes.
 - **The live verification itself** — see below. This phase is implementation +

From 9ddd70ad1c4cf0b3e05d6c417da058a131babe68 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: stslex <ilya977.077@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 2 Jul 2026 09:35:20 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 50/51] test(daemon): redact real public-resolver IPs to RFC
 5737 placeholders (review P3)

config/mod.rs doc used a real resolver; completed the redaction across the
phase-7d macOS surface (detector/macos/state.rs, backend/macos/resolver.rs) so
every fixture uses an RFC 5737 placeholder, per CLAUDE.md's redaction policy.
(The demote.rs garbage-test fixture was redacted in the demote commit.)

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01Sn5f9GAgWkv6RSZVP5LDEv
---
 splitway-daemon/src/backend/macos/resolver.rs |  8 ++++----
 splitway-daemon/src/detector/macos/state.rs   | 12 ++++++------
 splitway-shared/src/config/mod.rs             |  2 +-
 3 files changed, 11 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)

diff --git a/splitway-daemon/src/backend/macos/resolver.rs b/splitway-daemon/src/backend/macos/resolver.rs
index 16d5ca7..b84ce9a 100644
--- a/splitway-daemon/src/backend/macos/resolver.rs
+++ b/splitway-daemon/src/backend/macos/resolver.rs
@@ -68,15 +68,15 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn is_managed_only_for_our_marker() {
-        assert!(is_managed(&resolver_contents(&["1.1.1.1".to_string()])));
+        assert!(is_managed(&resolver_contents(&["192.0.2.1".to_string()])));
         assert!(is_managed(MANAGED_MARKER));
         // A file the user wrote by hand must not be claimed.
-        assert!(!is_managed("nameserver 1.1.1.1\n"));
-        assert!(!is_managed("# some other tool\nnameserver 1.1.1.1\n"));
+        assert!(!is_managed("nameserver 192.0.2.1\n"));
+        assert!(!is_managed("# some other tool\nnameserver 192.0.2.1\n"));
         assert!(!is_managed(""));
         // The marker must be the *first* line, not buried later.
         assert!(!is_managed(&format!(
-            "nameserver 1.1.1.1\n{MANAGED_MARKER}\n"
+            "nameserver 192.0.2.1\n{MANAGED_MARKER}\n"
         )));
     }
 
diff --git a/splitway-daemon/src/detector/macos/state.rs b/splitway-daemon/src/detector/macos/state.rs
index e49aa4c..3b5ae89 100644
--- a/splitway-daemon/src/detector/macos/state.rs
+++ b/splitway-daemon/src/detector/macos/state.rs
@@ -122,11 +122,11 @@ mod tests {
             5,
             || {
                 reads.set(reads.get() + 1);
-                Ok(s(&["9.9.9.9"]))
+                Ok(s(&["192.0.2.9"]))
             },
             || pauses.set(pauses.get() + 1),
         );
-        assert_eq!(r, Ok(s(&["9.9.9.9"])));
+        assert_eq!(r, Ok(s(&["192.0.2.9"])));
         assert_eq!(reads.get(), 1, "a first success reads exactly once");
         assert_eq!(pauses.get(), 0, "no pause when the first read succeeds");
     }
@@ -143,12 +143,12 @@ mod tests {
                 if attempt.get() < 3 {
                     Err("scutil hiccup")
                 } else {
-                    Ok(s(&["1.1.1.1"]))
+                    Ok(s(&["192.0.2.1"]))
                 }
             },
             || pauses.set(pauses.get() + 1),
         );
-        assert_eq!(r, Ok(s(&["1.1.1.1"])));
+        assert_eq!(r, Ok(s(&["192.0.2.1"])));
         assert_eq!(attempt.get(), 3);
         assert_eq!(pauses.get(), 2, "paused before each of the two retries");
     }
@@ -177,11 +177,11 @@ mod tests {
             0,
             || {
                 reads.set(reads.get() + 1);
-                Ok(s(&["8.8.8.8"]))
+                Ok(s(&["192.0.2.8"]))
             },
             || panic!("must not pause with a zero budget"),
         );
-        assert_eq!(r, Ok(s(&["8.8.8.8"])));
+        assert_eq!(r, Ok(s(&["192.0.2.8"])));
         assert_eq!(reads.get(), 1);
     }
 
diff --git a/splitway-shared/src/config/mod.rs b/splitway-shared/src/config/mod.rs
index 7d705eb..ed66fa2 100755
--- a/splitway-shared/src/config/mod.rs
+++ b/splitway-shared/src/config/mod.rs
@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ pub struct LocalConfig {
     /// [`crate::platform::VpnInfo::demote_target`]). `None` (the default, and
     /// always on Linux) means "use the physical primary interface's own DHCP
     /// resolver", which the detector discovers; `Some(servers)` pins a specific
-    /// public resolver (e.g. `["1.1.1.1"]`) for non-corp DNS instead. Ignored on
+    /// public resolver (e.g. `["203.0.113.9"]`) for non-corp DNS instead. Ignored on
     /// platforms that do not demote. `#[serde(default)]` keeps older configs
     /// (without this field) parsing unchanged.
     #[serde(default)]

From 196df406c4d7c5ceb2978675da08600d42b6e659 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: stslex <ilya977.077@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 2 Jul 2026 09:35:20 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 51/51] fix(gui-tauri): reject ACL-writable macOS install paths
 (review P1)

assert_root_only_path checked owner + mode bits but not macOS ACLs, which are
invisible to the mode bits and survive chmod -- so a root:wheel 0755 ancestor
with an ACL granting another user write/delete still lets them swap the root-run
daemon directory. New acl_allows_nonroot_write parses `ls -lde` (splitting on the
allow/deny keyword so a spaced principal name can't slip through) and flags any
non-root/wheel `allow` entry carrying a write-class right, fail-closed. It now
guards every ancestor; install strips BIN_DIR's own ACL with `chmod -N` and
re-verifies. bash -n passes; the parser is checked against synthetic ls -lde
samples.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01Sn5f9GAgWkv6RSZVP5LDEv
---
 splitway-gui-tauri/scripts/bootstrap.sh | 73 ++++++++++++++++++++++---
 1 file changed, 65 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/splitway-gui-tauri/scripts/bootstrap.sh b/splitway-gui-tauri/scripts/bootstrap.sh
index 087f3df..5ebabf3 100755
--- a/splitway-gui-tauri/scripts/bootstrap.sh
+++ b/splitway-gui-tauri/scripts/bootstrap.sh
@@ -36,14 +36,60 @@ readonly GROUP="splitway"
 log() { printf 'splitway-bootstrap: %s\n' "$*"; }
 die() { printf 'splitway-bootstrap: error: %s\n' "$*" >&2; exit 1; }
 
-# Walk every ancestor of $1 up to / and refuse unless each is root-owned and not
-# writable by group or other. Renaming or replacing a directory entry needs write
-# access to its PARENT, not to the entry itself — so pinning $BIN_DIR to
-# root:wheel is not enough: a single non-root-writable ancestor (e.g. /usr/local
-# left admin-owned by the Homebrew-on-Intel layout) still lets a non-root user
-# swap the directory out and have launchd exec their binary as root. We verify
-# (never chown) the parents: chowning /usr/local would break a real Homebrew, so
-# an unsafe chain is a hard refusal with an actionable message instead.
+# True if $1 carries a macOS ACL that could let a NON-root principal modify it
+# (write/delete/rename/replace the entry or its children). macOS ACLs are NOT
+# reflected in the POSIX mode bits and are NOT cleared by a `chmod` mode change,
+# so a root:wheel 0755 directory can still be attacker-writable through an ACL —
+# which would let a non-root user swap the directory that holds the root-run
+# daemon. Parse `ls -lde`: each numbered ACL entry is
+# `<n>: <principal> <allow|deny> <perms>`; flag any `allow` entry for a principal
+# other than root/wheel whose comma-separated perms include a write-class right.
+# Fails closed (any such entry → refuse), matching this script's verify-or-abort
+# discipline for the destination of a root-run binary.
+acl_allows_nonroot_write() {
+    local line principal perms
+    while IFS= read -r line; do
+        # Trim leading whitespace, then keep only ACL entry lines.
+        line="${line#"${line%%[![:space:]]*}"}"
+        case "$line" in
+            [0-9]*:\ *) : ;;
+            *) continue ;;
+        esac
+        line="${line#*: }"        # strip the "<n>: " index
+        # Split on the " allow " action keyword rather than a positional field:
+        # an ACL principal (record/full name) can contain spaces, so field-2
+        # parsing would let `user:First Last allow write` slip through. `deny` and
+        # malformed lines have no " allow " and are skipped (not a grant). Perms are
+        # a single comma-list with no spaces, so " allow " appears exactly once.
+        case " $line " in
+            *" allow "*) : ;;
+            *) continue ;;
+        esac
+        principal="${line%% allow *}"
+        perms="${line##* allow }"
+        case "$principal" in
+            user:root | group:wheel) continue ;;
+        esac
+        case ",$perms," in
+            *,write,* | *,delete,* | *,append,* | *,add_file,* | *,add_subdirectory,* | \
+                *,delete_child,* | *,writeattr,* | *,writeextattr,* | *,writesecurity,* | *,chown,*)
+                return 0
+                ;;
+        esac
+    done < <(ls -lde "$1" 2>/dev/null)
+    return 1
+}
+
+# Walk every ancestor of $1 up to / and refuse unless each is root-owned, not
+# writable by group or other, AND free of an ACL granting a non-root principal
+# write. Renaming or replacing a directory entry needs write access to its
+# PARENT, not to the entry itself — so pinning $BIN_DIR to root:wheel is not
+# enough: a single non-root-writable ancestor (e.g. /usr/local left admin-owned
+# by the Homebrew-on-Intel layout, or one carrying a stray ACL) still lets a
+# non-root user swap the directory out and have launchd exec their binary as
+# root. We verify (never chown/chmod) the parents: touching /usr/local would
+# break a real Homebrew, so an unsafe chain is a hard refusal with an actionable
+# message instead.
 assert_root_only_path() {
     local dir="$1" owner perm
     while :; do
@@ -55,6 +101,9 @@ assert_root_only_path() {
         if [ -z "$perm" ] || [ "$(( 8#$perm & 8#22 ))" -ne 0 ]; then
             die "${dir} (mode ${perm:-unknown}) is writable by group or other; refusing — a writable ancestor of ${BIN_DIR} lets a non-root user substitute the root-run daemon binary"
         fi
+        if acl_allows_nonroot_write "$dir"; then
+            die "${dir} carries a macOS ACL granting write/delete to a non-root principal; refusing — an ACL-writable ancestor of ${BIN_DIR} lets a non-root user substitute the root-run daemon binary (ACLs are invisible to the mode bits and survive chmod)"
+        fi
         [ "$dir" = "/" ] && break
         dir="$(dirname "$dir")"
     done
@@ -90,6 +139,14 @@ install_binaries() {
     [ "$real_bin" = "$BIN_DIR" ] || assert_root_only_path "$(dirname "$real_bin")"
     chown root:wheel "$BIN_DIR" || die "cannot make ${BIN_DIR} root-owned; refusing to install a root-run binary into a non-root-writable directory"
     chmod 755 "$BIN_DIR"
+    # A macOS ACL survives the chmod above and is invisible to the mode-bit check,
+    # so an ACL granting another user write/delete on $BIN_DIR would still let them
+    # swap the root-run binary. We own $BIN_DIR, so strip any ACL outright (like the
+    # chown), then confirm none granting non-root write remains.
+    chmod -N "$BIN_DIR" 2>/dev/null || true
+    if acl_allows_nonroot_write "$BIN_DIR"; then
+        die "${BIN_DIR} still carries a macOS ACL granting non-root write after chmod -N; refusing to install a root-run binary there"
+    fi
     local owner
     owner="$(stat -f '%Su:%Sg' "$BIN_DIR")"
     [ "$owner" = "root:wheel" ] || die "${BIN_DIR} is ${owner}, not root:wheel; refusing to install a root-run binary there"