diff --git a/src/app/blog/[slug]/page.tsx b/src/app/blog/[slug]/page.tsx
index 11347d3..1d90987 100644
--- a/src/app/blog/[slug]/page.tsx
+++ b/src/app/blog/[slug]/page.tsx
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import { BreadcrumbItem } from '@/types/breadcrumb-item';
 import ArticleHeader from '@/components/sections/article-header';
 import Footer from '@/components/sections/footer';
 import Link from 'next/link';
+import { ArrowRight } from 'lucide-react';
 
 type ArticlePageProps = {
   params: Promise<{ slug: string }>;
@@ -47,9 +48,10 @@ export default async function ArticlePage({ params }: ArticlePageProps) {
       <div className="flex justify-end">
         <Link
           href="/blog"
-          className="focus-visible:outline-muted-foreground w-fit rounded-sm text-[0.875rem] font-normal underline-offset-4 outline-2 outline-offset-4 outline-transparent transition-colors duration-150 ease-in-out hover:underline md:text-right"
+          className="focus-visible:outline-muted-foreground flex w-fit items-center gap-1 rounded-sm text-[0.875rem] font-normal underline-offset-4 outline-2 outline-offset-4 outline-transparent transition-colors duration-150 ease-in-out hover:underline md:text-right"
         >
-          Read more articles →
+          <span>Read more articles</span>
+          <ArrowRight aria-hidden="true" size={16} />
         </Link>
       </div>
 
diff --git a/src/app/blog/page.tsx b/src/app/blog/page.tsx
index 43d0962..ede2b9b 100644
--- a/src/app/blog/page.tsx
+++ b/src/app/blog/page.tsx
@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@ import Link from 'next/link';
 import Footer from '@/components/sections/footer';
 import ThemeToggle from '@/components/theme/theme-toggle';
 import { BLOGS } from '@/data/blog-list';
+import Breadcrumb from '@/components/sections/breadcrumb';
+import { ArrowRight } from 'lucide-react';
 
 const metaDescription =
   'Blog posts on full stack development and tech from Elmar Chavez.';
@@ -34,17 +36,18 @@ const blogsLatestOrder = BLOGS.slice().reverse();
 export default function BlogPage() {
   return (
     <main id="main" className="mx-auto max-w-130 px-4 py-8 md:max-w-2xl">
-      <header className="flex justify-between">
-        <div>
-          <h1 className="mb-1 text-lg font-bold md:text-3xl">Blog</h1>
-          <p className="mb-6 text-sm font-medium md:text-base">
-            Articles, thoughts, and tech stuff.
-          </p>
-        </div>
-
+      <header className="mb-8 flex items-center justify-between">
+        <Breadcrumb items={[]} currentLabel="Blog" />
         <ThemeToggle />
       </header>
 
+      <section>
+        <h1 className="mb-1 text-lg font-bold md:text-3xl">Blog</h1>
+        <p className="mb-6 text-sm font-medium md:text-base">
+          Articles, thoughts, and tech stuff.
+        </p>
+      </section>
+
       <ul className="flex flex-col gap-4">
         {blogsLatestOrder.map(
           ({
@@ -69,6 +72,7 @@ export default function BlogPage() {
                     alt={imgAlt}
                     width={800}
                     height={400}
+                    loading="eager"
                     className="aspect-video w-full object-cover transition-transform duration-150 hover:scale-105"
                   />
                 </div>
@@ -87,18 +91,19 @@ export default function BlogPage() {
                   </p>
 
                   <div className="flex flex-col gap-4 pr-4 min-[425px]:flex-row min-[425px]:items-center min-[425px]:justify-between">
-                    <ul className="flex gap-2 text-[0.65rem] font-light">
+                    <ul className="hidden gap-2 text-[0.65rem] font-light min-[425px]:flex">
                       {tags.map((tag) => {
                         return <li key={tag}>{tag}</li>;
                       })}
                     </ul>
 
                     <Link
-                      className="focus-visible:outline-muted-foreground w-fit rounded-sm text-[0.75rem] font-normal underline-offset-4 outline-2 outline-offset-4 outline-transparent hover:underline md:text-right"
+                      className="focus-visible:outline-muted-foreground flex w-fit items-center justify-center gap-1 self-end rounded-sm text-[0.75rem] font-normal underline-offset-4 outline-2 outline-offset-4 outline-transparent hover:underline min-[425px]:self-auto md:text-right"
                       href={blogUrl}
                       aria-label={`Read more about ${title}`}
                     >
-                      Read More →
+                      <span>Read more</span>
+                      <ArrowRight aria-hidden="true" size={12} />
                     </Link>
                   </div>
                 </article>
diff --git a/src/components/sections/article-header.test.tsx b/src/components/sections/article-header.test.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6e193e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/components/sections/article-header.test.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+import { render, screen } from '@testing-library/react';
+import ArticleHeader from './article-header';
+import { BreadcrumbItem } from '@/types/breadcrumb-item';
+import { getSlug } from '@/lib/utils';
+
+describe('Article Header', () => {
+  const breadcrumbItems: BreadcrumbItem[] = [{ label: 'Blog', href: '/blog' }];
+  const blogMeta = {
+    id: 4,
+    title: 'How I Contributed to a Laravel Application Without Knowing Laravel',
+    description:
+      'Lessons from contributing to a Laravel application, where I discovered that recognizing familiar patterns is often more valuable than starting over.',
+    publishDate: 'August 2026',
+    readTime: '4 min read',
+    tags: ['#laravel', '#learning', '#webdev'],
+    blogUrl: `/blog/${getSlug('How I Contributed to a Laravel Application Without Knowing Laravel')}`,
+    imgUrl: '/img/blog-4.jpg',
+    imgAlt: 'Keyboard caps laid down on a white table.',
+  };
+
+  test('renders the article title', () => {
+    render(
+      <ArticleHeader breadcrumbItems={breadcrumbItems} blogMeta={blogMeta} />,
+    );
+    const title = screen.getByRole('heading', { name: blogMeta.title });
+    expect(title).toBeInTheDocument();
+  });
+  test('renders the article publish date', () => {
+    render(
+      <ArticleHeader breadcrumbItems={breadcrumbItems} blogMeta={blogMeta} />,
+    );
+    const publishDate = screen.getByText(blogMeta.publishDate);
+    expect(publishDate).toBeInTheDocument();
+  });
+  test('renders the article author', () => {
+    render(
+      <ArticleHeader breadcrumbItems={breadcrumbItems} blogMeta={blogMeta} />,
+    );
+    const authorName = screen.getByText('Elmar Chavez');
+    expect(authorName).toBeInTheDocument();
+  });
+  test('renders the read time', () => {
+    render(
+      <ArticleHeader breadcrumbItems={breadcrumbItems} blogMeta={blogMeta} />,
+    );
+    const readTime = screen.getByText(blogMeta.readTime);
+    expect(readTime).toBeInTheDocument();
+  });
+  test('renders all the article tags', () => {
+    render(
+      <ArticleHeader breadcrumbItems={breadcrumbItems} blogMeta={blogMeta} />,
+    );
+    blogMeta.tags.forEach((tag) => {
+      const text = screen.getByText(tag);
+      expect(text).toBeInTheDocument();
+    });
+  });
+  test('renders the banner image with alt text', () => {
+    render(
+      <ArticleHeader breadcrumbItems={breadcrumbItems} blogMeta={blogMeta} />,
+    );
+    const bannerImage = screen.getByRole('img', { name: blogMeta.imgAlt });
+    expect(bannerImage).toBeInTheDocument();
+  });
+  test('renders the blog not found variant', () => {
+    render(
+      <ArticleHeader
+        breadcrumbItems={breadcrumbItems}
+        blogMeta={{
+          id: -99,
+          title: 'Blog not found',
+          description: "Seems like this file doesn't exist ¯\\\_(ツ)_/¯",
+          publishDate: 'No publish date.',
+          readTime: 'No read time.',
+          tags: [],
+          blogUrl: 'No blog URL.',
+          imgUrl: 'No image URL.',
+          imgAlt: 'No image alt text.',
+        }}
+      />,
+    );
+    const title = screen.getByRole('heading', { name: /blog not found/i });
+    expect(title).toBeInTheDocument();
+    const description = screen.getByText(
+      /^seems like this file doesn't exist/i,
+    );
+    expect(description).toBeInTheDocument();
+  });
+  test('renders the breadcrumb component', () => {
+    render(
+      <ArticleHeader breadcrumbItems={breadcrumbItems} blogMeta={blogMeta} />,
+    );
+    const breadcrumb = screen.getByRole('navigation', { name: /breadcrumb/i });
+    expect(breadcrumb).toBeInTheDocument();
+  });
+  test('renders the theme toggle component', () => {
+    render(
+      <ArticleHeader breadcrumbItems={breadcrumbItems} blogMeta={blogMeta} />,
+    );
+    const themeToggle = screen.getByRole('button', { name: /toggle theme/i });
+    expect(themeToggle).toBeInTheDocument();
+  });
+});
diff --git a/src/components/sections/article-header.tsx b/src/components/sections/article-header.tsx
index d773eed..0cfd62b 100644
--- a/src/components/sections/article-header.tsx
+++ b/src/components/sections/article-header.tsx
@@ -67,6 +67,7 @@ const ArticleHeader = ({ breadcrumbItems, blogMeta }: ArticleHeaderProps) => {
                   width={683}
                   height={771}
                   className="object-cover"
+                  loading="eager"
                 />
               </div>
 
diff --git a/src/components/sections/blog.tsx b/src/components/sections/blog.tsx
index 02881a2..e52c327 100644
--- a/src/components/sections/blog.tsx
+++ b/src/components/sections/blog.tsx
@@ -2,13 +2,15 @@ import Image from 'next/image';
 import Link from 'next/link';
 import { blogList } from '@/data/blog-list';
 import ViewAllLink from '../ui/view-all-link';
+import { ArrowRight } from 'lucide-react';
 
 const Blog = () => {
   return (
     <section className="border-border/40 bg-card relative rounded-lg border p-4 transition-colors duration-150 ease-in-out">
-      <h2 className="mb-3 text-lg font-bold">Blog</h2>
-
-      <ViewAllLink href="/blog" />
+      <header className="mb-3 flex items-center justify-between">
+        <h2 className="text-lg font-bold">Blog</h2>
+        <ViewAllLink href="/blog" />
+      </header>
 
       <ul className="flex flex-col gap-4">
         {blogList.map(
@@ -42,18 +44,19 @@ const Blog = () => {
                   </p>
 
                   <div className="flex flex-col gap-4 pr-4 min-[425px]:flex-row min-[425px]:items-center min-[425px]:justify-between">
-                    <ul className="flex gap-2 text-[0.65rem] font-light">
+                    <ul className="hidden gap-2 text-[0.65rem] font-light min-[425px]:flex">
                       {tags.map((tag) => {
                         return <li key={tag}>{tag}</li>;
                       })}
                     </ul>
 
                     <Link
-                      className="focus-visible:outline-muted-foreground w-fit rounded-sm text-[0.75rem] font-normal underline-offset-4 outline-2 outline-offset-4 outline-transparent transition-colors duration-150 ease-in-out hover:underline md:text-right"
+                      className="focus-visible:outline-muted-foreground flex w-fit items-center justify-center gap-1 self-end rounded-sm text-[0.75rem] font-normal underline-offset-4 outline-2 outline-offset-4 outline-transparent transition-colors duration-150 ease-in-out hover:underline min-[425px]:self-auto md:text-right"
                       href={blogUrl}
                       aria-label={`Read more about ${title}`}
                     >
-                      Read More →
+                      <span>Read more</span>
+                      <ArrowRight aria-hidden="true" size={12} />
                     </Link>
                   </div>
                 </article>
diff --git a/src/components/sections/breadcrumb.test.tsx b/src/components/sections/breadcrumb.test.tsx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f9940c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/components/sections/breadcrumb.test.tsx
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+import { render, screen } from '@testing-library/react';
+import Breadcrumb from './breadcrumb';
+import type { BreadcrumbItem } from '@/types/breadcrumb-item';
+
+describe('Breadcrumb', () => {
+  const items: BreadcrumbItem[] = [
+    { label: 'Blog', href: '/blog' },
+    { label: 'Technology', href: '/blog/technology' },
+  ];
+  test('renders the Home link', () => {
+    render(<Breadcrumb items={items} currentLabel="Current Article" />);
+    const link = screen.getByRole('link', { name: /home/i });
+    expect(link).toHaveAttribute('href', '/');
+  });
+  test('renders all succeeding breadcrumb item links', () => {
+    render(<Breadcrumb items={items} currentLabel="Current Article" />);
+    items.forEach(({ label, href }) => {
+      const link = screen.getByRole('link', { name: label });
+      expect(link).toHaveAttribute('href', href);
+    });
+  });
+  test('renders an accessible breadcrumb navigation', () => {
+    render(<Breadcrumb items={items} currentLabel="Current Article" />);
+    const nav = screen.getByRole('navigation', { name: /breadcrumb/i });
+    expect(nav).toBeInTheDocument();
+  });
+  test('renders the current page with aria-current', () => {
+    render(<Breadcrumb items={items} currentLabel="Current Article" />);
+    const currentPage = screen.getByText(/current article/i);
+    expect(currentPage).toHaveAttribute('aria-current', 'page');
+  });
+  test('renders without succeeding breadcrumb item links', () => {
+    render(<Breadcrumb items={[]} currentLabel="Current Article" />);
+    const homeLink = screen.getByRole('link', { name: /home/i });
+    const currentPage = screen.getByText(/current article/i);
+    expect(homeLink).toBeInTheDocument();
+    expect(currentPage).toBeInTheDocument();
+  });
+});
diff --git a/src/components/sections/breadcrumb.tsx b/src/components/sections/breadcrumb.tsx
index 2fb5c35..80fd6a5 100644
--- a/src/components/sections/breadcrumb.tsx
+++ b/src/components/sections/breadcrumb.tsx
@@ -10,9 +10,9 @@ const Breadcrumb = ({ items, currentLabel }: BreadCrumbProps) => {
   return (
     <nav className="select-none" aria-label="Breadcrumb">
       <ol className="flex items-center gap-1">
-        <li>
+        <li className="flex items-center">
           <Link
-            className="text-muted-foreground hover:text-foreground focus-visible:text-foreground text-sm font-medium outline-transparent transition-colors focus-visible:underline focus-visible:underline-offset-4"
+            className="text-muted-foreground hover:text-foreground focus-visible:text-foreground text-[12px] font-medium outline-transparent transition-colors focus-visible:underline focus-visible:underline-offset-4 md:text-sm"
             href="/"
           >
             Home
@@ -22,12 +22,15 @@ const Breadcrumb = ({ items, currentLabel }: BreadCrumbProps) => {
         {items.map(({ label, href }) => {
           return (
             <li key={href} className="flex items-center gap-1">
-              <span className="text-muted-foreground" aria-hidden="true">
+              <span
+                className="text-muted-foreground text-[12px] md:text-sm"
+                aria-hidden="true"
+              >
                 /
               </span>
 
               <Link
-                className="text-muted-foreground hover:text-foreground focus-visible:text-foreground text-sm font-medium outline-transparent transition-colors focus-visible:underline focus-visible:underline-offset-4"
+                className="text-muted-foreground hover:text-foreground focus-visible:text-foreground text-[12px] font-medium outline-transparent transition-colors focus-visible:underline focus-visible:underline-offset-4 md:text-sm"
                 href={href}
               >
                 {label}
@@ -37,12 +40,15 @@ const Breadcrumb = ({ items, currentLabel }: BreadCrumbProps) => {
         })}
 
         <li className="flex items-center gap-1">
-          <span className="text-muted-foreground" aria-hidden="true">
+          <span
+            className="text-muted-foreground text-[12px] md:text-sm"
+            aria-hidden="true"
+          >
             /
           </span>
 
           <p
-            className="text-muted-foreground hover:text-foreground max-w-32 truncate text-sm font-medium transition-colors hover:cursor-pointer md:max-w-62"
+            className="text-muted-foreground hover:text-foreground max-w-32 truncate text-[12px] font-medium transition-colors hover:cursor-pointer md:max-w-62 md:text-sm"
             aria-current="page"
           >
             {currentLabel}
diff --git a/src/components/ui/view-all-link.tsx b/src/components/ui/view-all-link.tsx
index 7bf16ac..c022c4e 100644
--- a/src/components/ui/view-all-link.tsx
+++ b/src/components/ui/view-all-link.tsx
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import Link from 'next/link';
+import { ArrowUpRight, ArrowRight } from 'lucide-react';
 
 type ViewAllLinkProps = {
   href: string;
@@ -7,15 +8,17 @@ type ViewAllLinkProps = {
 const ViewAllLink = ({ href }: ViewAllLinkProps) => {
   return (
     <Link
-      className="group focus-visible:outline-muted-foreground absolute top-4 right-4 flex items-center gap-1 rounded-sm text-[1rem] font-normal outline-2 outline-offset-4 outline-transparent transition-all duration-150 ease-in-out"
+      className="group focus-visible:outline-muted-foreground flex items-center gap-1 rounded-sm text-[1rem] font-normal outline-2 outline-offset-4 outline-transparent transition-all duration-150 ease-in-out"
       href={href}
     >
       <span className="max-w-0 overflow-hidden text-[0.75rem] whitespace-nowrap underline-offset-4 opacity-0 transition-all duration-150 group-hover:max-w-xs group-hover:underline group-hover:opacity-100 group-focus:max-w-xs group-focus:opacity-100">
         View all
       </span>
-      <span className="group-hover:hidden group-focus:hidden">↗</span>
+      <span className="group-hover:hidden group-focus:hidden">
+        <ArrowUpRight aria-hidden="true" size={16} />
+      </span>
       <span className="max-w-0 overflow-hidden whitespace-nowrap opacity-0 group-hover:max-w-xs group-hover:opacity-100 group-focus:max-w-xs group-focus:opacity-100">
-        →
+        <ArrowRight aria-hidden="true" size={16} />
       </span>
     </Link>
   );
diff --git a/src/lib/utils.test.ts b/src/lib/utils.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f20003a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib/utils.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+import { getBlogMeta, getSlug } from './utils';
+import { BLOGS } from '@/data/blog-list';
+
+describe('getSlug', () => {
+  test('generates a URL slug from the blog title', () => {
+    const result = getSlug(
+      'How I Contributed to a Laravel Application Without Knowing Laravel',
+    );
+    expect(result).toBe(
+      'how-i-contributed-to-a-laravel-application-without-knowing-laravel',
+    );
+  });
+  test('normalizes capitalization and whitespace from the blog title', () => {
+    expect(
+      getSlug(
+        '  How I      Contributed to a     Laravel Application Without     Knowing    Laravel  ',
+      ),
+    ).toBe(
+      'how-i-contributed-to-a-laravel-application-without-knowing-laravel',
+    );
+  });
+  test('removes punctuation from the blog title', () => {
+    expect(
+      getSlug(
+        'Why Every Software Engineer Should Read "The Psychology of Money"',
+      ),
+    ).toBe('why-every-software-engineer-should-read-the-psychology-of-money');
+  });
+});
+describe('getBlogMeta', () => {
+  test('returns blog metadata for a valid slug', () => {
+    const blogTitle =
+      'How I Contributed to a Laravel Application Without Knowing Laravel';
+    const blogSlug = getSlug(blogTitle);
+    const blogMeta = BLOGS.find(({ title }) => title === blogTitle);
+    expect(blogMeta).toEqual(getBlogMeta(blogSlug));
+  });
+  test('returns the fallback not found blog metadata for an invalid slug', () => {
+    const blogSlug = 'this-is-an-invalid-article-slug';
+    const blogMeta = getBlogMeta(blogSlug);
+    expect(blogMeta.id).toBe(-99);
+    expect(blogMeta.title).toBe('Blog not found');
+  });
+});
diff --git a/tests/blog.spec.ts b/tests/blog.spec.ts
index 48ef01a..203c0d4 100644
--- a/tests/blog.spec.ts
+++ b/tests/blog.spec.ts
@@ -1,12 +1,88 @@
 import { test, expect } from '@playwright/test';
 import { blogList } from '@/data/blog-list';
 
-test('blog article link has correct href', async ({ page }) => {
-  await page.goto('/');
-  const blog = blogList[0];
-  expect(blog).toBeDefined();
-  const link = page.getByRole('link', {
-    name: `Read more about ${blog.title}`,
-  });
-  await expect(link).toHaveAttribute('href', blog.blogUrl);
+test.describe('Blog', () => {
+  test('visitor can see the Blog section', async ({ page }) => {
+    await page.goto('/');
+    const heading = page.getByRole('heading', { name: /^blog$/i });
+    await expect(heading).toBeVisible();
+  });
+  test('blog article link has correct href', async ({ page }) => {
+    await page.goto('/');
+    const blog = blogList[0];
+    expect(blog).toBeDefined();
+    const link = page.getByRole('link', {
+      name: `Read more about ${blog.title}`,
+    });
+    await expect(link).toHaveAttribute('href', blog.blogUrl);
+  });
+  test('visitor can view the Blog page', async ({ page }) => {
+    await page.goto('/');
+    const viewAllLink = page.locator('a[href="/blog"]');
+    await viewAllLink.click();
+    const heading = page.getByRole('heading', { name: /^blog$/i });
+    await expect(heading).toBeVisible();
+  });
+  test('visitor can view a blog article', async ({ page }) => {
+    const blog = blogList[0];
+    expect(blog).toBeDefined();
+    await page.goto(blog.blogUrl);
+    const blogTitle = page.getByRole('heading', { name: blog.title });
+    await expect(blogTitle).toBeVisible();
+  });
+  test('visitor can see a blog article item on the Blog page', async ({
+    page,
+  }) => {
+    const blog = blogList[0];
+    expect(blog).toBeDefined();
+    await page.goto('/blog');
+    const heading = page.getByRole('heading', { name: blog.title });
+    const description = page.getByText(blog.description);
+    await expect(heading).toBeVisible();
+    await expect(description).toBeVisible();
+  });
+  test('visitor sees the Blog not found page for an invalid article', async ({
+    page,
+  }) => {
+    await page.goto('/blog/this-article-does-not-exist');
+    const heading = page.getByRole('heading', { name: /^blog not found$/i });
+    const description = page.getByText(/^seems like this file doesn't exist/i);
+    await expect(heading).toBeVisible();
+    await expect(description).toBeVisible();
+  });
+  test('visitor can go back to Home page when clicking the home link in breadcrumb', async ({
+    page,
+  }) => {
+    await page.goto('/blog');
+    const homeLink = page.getByRole('link', { name: /home/i });
+    await homeLink.click();
+    await expect(page).toHaveURL('/');
+  });
+  test('visitor can go back to Home page from an article page', async ({
+    page,
+  }) => {
+    const blogMeta = blogList[0];
+    await page.goto(blogMeta.blogUrl);
+    const homeLink = page.getByRole('link', { name: /^home$/i });
+    await homeLink.click();
+    await expect(page).toHaveURL('/');
+  });
+  test('visitor can go back to Blog page from an article page', async ({
+    page,
+  }) => {
+    const blogMeta = blogList[0];
+    await page.goto(blogMeta.blogUrl);
+    const blogLink = page.getByRole('link', { name: /^blog$/i });
+    await blogLink.click();
+    await expect(page).toHaveURL('/blog');
+  });
+  test('visitor can go back to Blog page from an article page using Read more articles link', async ({
+    page,
+  }) => {
+    const blogMeta = blogList[0];
+    await page.goto(blogMeta.blogUrl);
+    const blogLink = page.getByRole('link', { name: /read more articles/i });
+    await blogLink.click();
+    await expect(page).toHaveURL('/blog');
+  });
 });